Expression of tlr4, md2 and cd14 in equine blood leukocytes during endotoxin infusion and in intestinal tissues from healthy horses

Abreu, 2001, Decreased expression of toll-like receptor-4 and MD-2 correlates with intestinal epithelial cell protection against dysregulated proinflammatory gene expression in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide, J. Immunol., 167, 1609, 10.4049/jimmunol.167.3.1609 Abreu, 2005, TLR signalling in the gut in health and disease, J. Immunol., 174, 4453, 10.4049/jimmunol.174.8.4453 Aharonson-Raz, 2010, Pulmonary intravascular macrophages and endotoxin-induced pulmonary pathophysiology in horses, Can. J. Vet. Res., 74, 45 Andersson, 2011, Intestinal gene expression in pigs experimentally co-infected with PCV2 and PPV, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 142, 72, 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.04.012 Barber, 2005, GAPDH as a housekeeping gene: analysis of GAPDH mRNA expression in a panel of 72 human tissues, Physiol. Genomics, 21, 389, 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00025.2005 Bailey, 2009, Plasma concentrations of endotoxin and platelet activation in the developmental stage of oligofructose-induced laminitis, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 129, 167, 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.11.009 Benson, 2012, Acute experimental endotoxemia induces visceral hypersensitivity and altered pain evaluation in healthy humans, Pain, 153, 794, 10.1016/j.pain.2011.12.001 Berndt, 2007, Elevated amount of Toll-like receptor 4 mRNA in bronchial epithelial cells is associated with airway inflammation in horses with recurrent airway obstruction, Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol., 292, 936, 10.1152/ajplung.00394.2006 Biswas, 2009, Endotoxin tolerance: new mechanisms, molecules and clinical significance, Trends Immunol., 30, 475, 10.1016/j.it.2009.07.009 Bonin, C.P., Raquel, Y.A., Baccarin, R.Y.A., Nostell, K., Fossum, C., Martins de Camargo, M. Lipopolysaccharide-induced inhibition o transcription of tlr4 in vitro is reversed by dexamethasone in horse leukocytes and correlates with presence of conserved NKkB binding sites, under revision. Cappelli, 2008, Exercise induced stress in horses: selection of the most stable reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR normalization, BMC Mol. Biol., 9, 49, 10.1186/1471-2199-9-49 Cario, 2010, Toll-like receptors in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: a decade later, Inflamm. Bowel Dis., 16, 1583, 10.1002/ibd.21282 da Silva Correia, 2001, Lipopolysaccharide is in close proximity to each of the proteins in its membrane receptor complex transfer from CD14 to TLR4 and MD-2, J. Biol. Chem., 276, 21129, 10.1074/jbc.M009164200 Della Beffa, 2011, Evaluation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, prolylpeptidyl isomerase A, and a set of stably expressed genes as reference mRNAs in urate crystal inflammation, BMC Res. Notes, 4, 443, 10.1186/1756-0500-4-443 Erridge, 2010, Endogenous ligands of TLR2 and TLR4: agonists or assistants?, J. Leukoc. Biol., 87, 989, 10.1189/jlb.1209775 Fessler, 1989, Hoof injuries, Vet. Clin. North Am. Equine Pract., 5, 643, 10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30580-1 Fukata, 2007, TLR4 signalling in the intestine in health and disease, Biochem. Soc. Trans., 35, 1473, 10.1042/BST0351473 Hellemans, 2007, qBase relative quantification framework and software for management and automated analysis of real-time quantitative PCR data, Genome Biol., 8, R19, 10.1186/gb-2007-8-2-r19 Hilton, 2011, Expression of cyclooxygenase genes in the jejunum of horses during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion, Am. J. Vet. Res., 72, 681, 10.2460/ajvr.72.5.681 King, 1988, Detection of endotoxin in cases of equine colic, Vet. Rec., 123, 269, 10.1136/vr.123.10.269 Klier, 2011, Immunostimulation of bronchoalveolar lavage cells from recurrent airway obstruction-affected horses by different CpG-classes bound to gelatin nanoparticles, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 144, 79, 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.07.009 Lee, 2005, Effects of RNA degradation on gene expression analysis of human postmortem tissues, FASEB J., 19, 1356, 10.1096/fj.04-3552fje Lindberg, 1996, Rectal biopsy diagnosis in horses with clinical signs of intestinal disorders: a retrospective study of 116 cases, Equine Vet. J., 28, 275, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1996.tb03091.x Lindberg, 1985, Clinical and pathophysiological features of granulomatous enteritis and eosinophilic granulomatosis in the horse, Zentralbl. Veterinarmed. A, 32, 526, 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1985.tb01973.x Livak, 2001, Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) method, Methods, 25, 402, 10.1006/meth.2001.1262 Lopes, 2010, Expression of inflammation-associated genes in circulating leukocytes collected from horses with gastrointestinal tract disease, Am. J. Vet. Res., 71, 915, 10.2460/ajvr.71.8.915 Lopes, 2010, Expression of genes associated with inflammation induced by ex vivo exposure to lipopolysaccharide in peripheral blood leukocytes from horses with gastrointestinal disease, Am. J. Vet. Res., 71, 1162, 10.2460/ajvr.71.10.1162 Nieto, 2009, Effect of lipopolysaccharide infusion on gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in normal horses in vivo, Equine Vet. J., 41, 717, 10.2746/042516409X464780 Nostell, 2012, Cardiac troponin I and the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias in horses with experimentally induced endotoxaemia, Vet. J., 192, 171, 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.05.013 Ohto, 2012, Structural basis of species-specific endotoxin sensing by innate immune receptor TLR4/MD-2, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 109, 7421, 10.1073/pnas.1201193109 Oikawa, 2003, Clinical, hematological, and biochemical analysis of experimental endotoxemia in thoroughbred horses, J. Equine Sci., 14, 5, 10.1294/jes.14.5 Palazzo, 2008, Cross-talk among Toll-like receptors and their ligands, Int. Immunol., 20, 709, 10.1093/intimm/dxn027 Pirie, 2003, Inhaled endotoxin and organic dust particulates have synergistic proinflammatory effects in equine heaves (organic dust-induced asthma), Clin. Exp. Allergy, 33, 676, 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01640.x Roeder, 1989, Endotoxic-lipopolysaccharide-specific binding proteins on lymphoid cells of various animal species: association with endotoxin susceptibility, Infect. Immun., 57, 1054, 10.1128/IAI.57.4.1054-1058.1989 Senior, 2011, Plasma endotoxin in horses presented to an equine referral hospital: correlation to selected clinical parameters, Equine Vet. J., 43, 585, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00328.x Singh Suri, 2006, Expression of toll-like receptor 4 and 2 in horse lungs, Vet. Res., 37, 541, 10.1051/vetres:2006017 Steverink, 1994, Laboratory and clinical evaluation of a chromogenic endotoxin assay for horses with acute intestinal disorders, Vet. Q., 16, 117, 10.1080/01652176.1994.9694517 Takahashi, 2009, Epigenetic regulation of TLR4 gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, J. Immunol., 183, 6522, 10.4049/jimmunol.0901271 Taylor, 2010, A practical approach to RT-qPCR-Publishing data that conform to the MIQE guidelines, Methods, 50, S1, 10.1016/j.ymeth.2010.01.005 Vamadevan, 2010, Regulation of Toll-like receptor 4-associated MD-2 in intestinal epithelial cells: a comprehensive analysis, Innate Immun., 16, 93, 10.1177/1753425909339231 Wagner, 2010, Interferon-gamma, interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 production by T helper cells reveals intact Th1 and regulatory TR1 cell activation and a delay of the Th2 cell response in equine neonates and foals, Vet. Res., 41, 47, 10.1051/vetres/2010019 Wattrang, 2005, Immunostimulatory DNA activates production of type I interferons and interleukin-6 in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 107, 265, 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.05.001 Wattrang, 2012, Cytokine production and proliferation upon in vitro oligodeoxyribonucleotide stimulation of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 146, 113, 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.02.004 Wikström, 2011, Cytokine induction by immunostimulatory DNA in porcine PBMC is impaired by a hairpin forming sequence motif from the genome of Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 139, 156, 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.09.010 Wittebole, 2005, Expression of tumour necrosis factor receptor and Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 on peripheral blood leucocytes of human volunteers after endotoxin challenge: a comparison of flow cytometric light scatter and immunofluorescence gating, Clin. Exp. Immunol., 141, 99, 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02831.x Wolfs, 2010, Localization of the lipopolysaccharide recognition complex in the human healthy and inflamed premature and adult gut, Inflamm. Bowel Dis., 16, 68, 10.1002/ibd.20995