Expression of growth arrest-specific gene 6 and its receptors in dysfunctional human renal allografts

Manfioletti G, Brancolini C, Avanzi G, Schneider C (1993) The protein encoded by a growth arrest-specific gene (gas6) is a new member of the vitamin K-dependent proteins related to protein S, a negative coregulator in the blood coagulation cascade. Mol Cell Biol 13:4976 Chen J, Carey K, Godowski PJ (1997) Identification of Gas6 as a ligand for Mer, a neural cell adhesion molecule related receptor tyrosine kinase implicated in cellular transformation. Oncogene 14:2033 Godowski PJ, Mark MR, Chen J, Sadick MD, Raab H, Hammonds RG (1995) Re-evaluation of the roles of protein S and Gas6 as ligands for the receptor tyrosine kinase Rse/Tyro 3. Cell 82:355 Varnum BC, Young C, Elliott G, et al. (1995) Axl receptor tyrosine kinase stimulated by the vitamin K-dependent protein encoded by growth-arrest-specific gene 6. Nature 373:623 O'Donnell K, Harkes IC, Dougherty L, Wicks IP (1999) Expression of receptor tyrosine kinase Axl and its ligand Gas6 in rheumatoid arthritis: evidence for a novel endothelial cell survival pathway. Am J Pathol 154:1171 Li R, Chen J, Hammonds G, et al. (1996) Identification of Gas6 as a growth factor for human Schwann cells. J Neurosci 16:2012 Nakano T, Higashino K, Kikuchi N, et al. (1995) Vascular smooth muscle cell-derived, Gla-containing growth-potentiating factor for Ca(2+)-mobilizing growth factors. J Biol Chem 270:5702 Melaragno MG, Wuthrich DA, Poppa V, et al. (1998) Increased expression of Axl tyrosine kinase after vascular injury and regulation by G protein-coupled receptor agonists in rats. Circ Res 83:697 Yin J, McLachlan C, Chaufour X, et al. (2000) Growth arrest-specific gene 6 expression in proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and in vivo. Electrophoresis 21:3851 Fridell YW, Villa J Jr, Attar EC, Liu ET (1998) GAS6 induces Axl-mediated chemotaxis of vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 273:7123 Angelillo-Scherrer A, Frutos P de, Aparicio C, et al. (2001) Deficiency or inhibition of Gas6 causes platelet dysfunction and protects mice against thrombosis. Nat Med 7:215 Yanagita M, Ishii K, Ozaki H, et al. (1999) Mechanism of inhibitory effect of warfarin on mesangial cell proliferation. J Am Soc Nephrol 10:2503 Yanagita M, Arai H, Ishii K, et al. (2001) Gas6 regulates mesangial cell proliferation through Axl in experimental glomerulonephritis. Am J Pathol 158:1423 Yin JL, Pilmore HL, Yan YQ, et al. (2002) Expression of growth arrest-specific gene 6 and its receptors in a rat model of chronic renal transplant rejection. Transplantation 73:657 Schena FP (1998) Role of growth factors in acute renal failure. Kidney Int Suppl 66:S11 Paul LC (1995) Chronic renal transplant loss. Kidney Int 47:1491 Ponticelli C (2000) Progression of renal damage in chronic rejection. Kidney Int Suppl 57:S62 Sharma VK, Bologa RM, Xu GP, et al. (1996) Intragraft TGF-β1 mRNA: a correlate of interstitial fibrosis and chronic allograft nephropathy. Kidney Int 49:1297 Goruppi S, Ruaro E, Schneider C (1996) Gas6, the ligand of Axl tyrosine kinase receptor, has mitogenic and survival activities for serum starved NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Oncogene 12:471 Pedagogos E, Hewitson TD, Walker RG, Nicholis KM, Becker GJ (1997) Myofibroblast involvement in chronic transplant rejection. Transplantation 64:1192 Pilmore HL, Painter DM, Bishop GA, McCaughan GW, Eris JM (2000) Early upregulation of macrophages and myofibroblasts: a new marker for development of chronic renal allograft rejection. Transplantation 69:2658 Racusen LC, Solez K, Colvin RB, et al. (1999) The Banff 97 working classification of renal allograft pathology. Kidney Int 55:713 Shen J, Bao S, Reeve VE (1999) Modulation of IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ in the epidermis of hairless mice by UVA (320–400 nm) and UVB (280–320 nm) radiation. J Invest Dermatol 113:1059 Kerr KM, Johnson SK, King G, Kennedy MM, Weir J, Jeffrey R (1998) Partial regression in primary carcinoma of the lung: does it occur? Histopathology 33:55 McWhinnie DL, Thompson JF, Taylor HM, et al. (1986) Morphometric analysis of cellular infiltration assessed by monoclonal antibody labeling in sequential human renal allograft biopsies. Transplantation 42:352 McCloskey P, Fridell YW, Attar E, et al. (1997) GAS6 mediates adhesion of cells expressing the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl. J Biol Chem 272:23285 Nakano T, Ishimoto Y, Kishino J, et al. (1997) Cell adhesion to phosphatidylserine mediated by a product of growth arrest-specific gene 6. J Biol Chem 272:29411 Goruppi S, Ruaro E, Varnum B, Schneider C (1997) Requirement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathway and Src for Gas6-Axl mitogenic and survival activities in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol 17:4442 Chan MC, Mather JP, McCray G, Lee WM (2000) Identification and regulation of receptor tyrosine kinases Rse and Mer and their ligand Gas6 in testicular somatic cells. J Androl 21:291 Lu Q, Gore M, Zhang Q, et al. (1999) Tyro-3 family receptors are essential regulators of mammalian spermatogenesis. Nature 398:723 Prieto AL, Weber JL, Tracy S, Heeb MJ, Lai C (1999) Gas6, a ligand for the receptor protein-tyrosine kinase Tyro-3, is widely expressed in the central nervous system. Brain Res 816:646 Kajiwara I, Kawamura K, Takebayashi S (1996) An analysis of monocyte/macrophage subsets and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expression in renal allograft biopsies. Nephron 73:536