Expression and genetic variation of theAplysia egg-laying hormone gene family in the atrial gland
Tóm tắt
We have screened anAplysia atrial gland cDNA library using an egg-laying hormone (ELH) precursor probe and have isolated and characterized five different clones, four of which are full-length and approximately 0.8 kb in size. The characterization of these cDNA clones firmly established the genetic variation of the ELH-related precursors expressed in the atrial gland and provided a rational basis for their revised nomenclature proposed herein. The five precursor ELH-related cDNA sequences obtained predicted the following genetically distinct polypeptide precursors designated as: A, [Asp143]A, [Glu94,Gln139]A, [Pro25]B, and [Phe96,Asp107]Bt. The [Phe96,Asp107]Bt cDNA sequence predicted a truncated form of a B-type precursor. Northern blot analysis of atrial gland RN A identified two transcripts of about equal intensity of 0.9 kb and 1.1kb. Polymerase chain reaction of genomic DNA, together with DNA sequence analysis, resolved previously reported discrepancies between genomic and cDNA sequences of the ELH-related precursors. Taken together the results obtained identified the expression of five ELH-related precursor genes in the atrial gland ofAplysia from at least two genetic loci per haploid genome.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Arch, S., Lupatkin, J., Smock, T. and Beard, M. (1980) Evidence for an exocrine function of theAplysia atrial gland.J. Comp. Physiol.,141, 131–137.
Arch, S., Smock, R. T., Gurvis, R. and McCarthy, C. (1978) Atrial gland induction of the egg-laying response inAplysia californica.J. Comp. Physiol.,128, 67–70.
Arch, S. and Smock, T. (1977) Egg-laying behavior inAplysia californica.Behav. Biol.,19, 45–54.
Audesirk, T. E. (1977) Chemoreception inAplysia californica. III. Evidence for pheromones influencing reproductive behavior.Behav. Biol.,20, 235–243.
Ausubel, F. M., Brent, R., Kingston, R. E., Moore, D. D., Seidman, J. G., Smith, J. A. and Struhl, K. (1994)Current Protocols in Molecular Biology. New York: Greene Publishing Associates and Wiley-Interscience, pp 2.2.1–2.2.3.
Chiu, A. Y., Hunkapiller, M. W., Heller, E., Stuart, D. K., Hood, L. E. and Strumwasser, F. (1979) Purification and primary structure of the neuropeptide egg-laying hormone ofAplysia californica.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,76, 6656–6660.
Chomcyznski, P. and Sacchi, N. (1987) Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction.Anal. Biochem.,162, 156–159.
Chun, J. Y., Korner, J., Kreiner, T., Scheller, R. H. and Axel, R. (1994) The function and differential sorting of a family ofAplysia prohormone processing enzymes.Neuron,12, 831–844.
Davis, L. G., Dibner, M. D. and Battey, J. F. (1986)Basic Methods in Molecular Biology. Norwalk, CT: Apleton & Lange, pp 72–78.
Delidow, B. C., Lynch, J. P., Peluso, J. J. and White, B. A. (1993) Polymerase chain reaction: Basic protocols. InPCR Protocols: Current Methods and Applications. Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 15, ed. B. A. White, pp 1–30. Totowa, New Jersey: Humana Press.
DesGroseillers, L., Auclair, D., Wickham, L. and Maalouf, M. (1994) A novel actin cDNA is expressed in the neurons ofAplysia californica.Biochim. Biophys. Acta,1217, 322–324.
Geraerts, W. P. M., Ter Maat, A. and Vreugdenhil, E. (1988) The peptidergic neuroendocrine control of egg-laying behavior inAplysia andLymnaea. InInvertebrate Endocrinology, Vol. 2, ed. H. Laufer, and R. G. H. Downer, pp 141–231. New York: Alan R. Liss.
Goodman, M. F. DNA polymerase fidelity: Misinsertions and mismatched extensions. InPCR Strategies, ed. M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, and J. J. Sninsky, pp 17–31. New York: Academic Press.
Gorham, E. L., Nagle, G. T., Smith, J. S., Shen, H. and Kurosky, A. (1996) Molecular cloning of prohorome convertase 1 (PC1) from the atrial gland of Aplysia.DNA Cell Biol.,15, 339–345.
Heller, E., Kaczmarek, L. K., Hunkapillar, M. W., Hood, L. E. and Strumwasser, F. (1980) Purification and primary structure of two neuroactive peptides that cause bag cell afterdischarge and egg-laying inAplysia.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,77, 2328–2332.
Heumen, W. R. A. Van, Nagle, G. T. and Kurosky, A. (1995) Ultrastructural localization of egg-laying prohormone-related peptides in the atrial gland ofAplysia californica.Cell Tissue Res.,279, 13–24.
Kupfermann, I. (1967) Stimulation of egg-laying: Possible neuroendocrine function of bag cells of abdominal ganglion ofAplysia californica.Nature,216, 814–815.
Kupfermann, I. (1970) Stimulation of egg-laying by extracts of neuroendocrine cells (bag cells) of abdominal ganglion ofAplysia.J. Neurophysiol,33, 877–881.
Mahon, A. C. and Scheller, R. H. (1983) The molecular basis of a neuroendocrine fixed action pattern: Egg laying inAplysia.Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol.,48, 405–412.
Mahon, A. C., Nambu, J. R., Taussig, R., Shyamala, M., Roach, A. and Scheller, R. H. (1985) Structure and expression of the egg-laying hormone gene family inAplysia.J. Neurosci.,5, 1872–1880.
Nagle, G. T., Garcia, A. T., Gorham, E. L., Knock, S. L., Van Heumen, W. R. A., Spijker, S., Smit, A., Geraerts, W. P. M. and Kurosky, A. (1995a) Molecular cloning and cellular localization of a furin-like prohormone convertase from the atrial gland ofAplysia.DNA Cell Biol.,14, 431–443.
Nagle, G. T., Garcia, A. T., Knock, S. L., Gorham, E. L., Van Heumen, W. R. A., and Kurosky, A. (1995b) Molecular cloning, cDNA sequence, and localization of a prohormone convertase (PC2) from theAplysia atrial gland.DNA Cell Biol.,14, 145–154.
Nagle, G. T., Painter, S. D. and Blankenship, J. E. (1989) Post-translational processing in model neuroendocrine systems: Precursors and products that coordinate reproductive activity inAplysia and Lymnaea.J. Neurosci. Res.,23, 359–370.
Nagle, G. T., Painter, S. D., Blankenship, J. E., Dixon, J. D. and Kurosky, A. (1986) Evidence for the expression of three genes encoding homologous atrial gland peptides that cause egg laying inAplysia.J. Biol. Chem.,261, 7853–7859.
Nagle, G. T., Painter, S. D., Blankenship, J. E. and Kurosky, A. (1988) Proteolytic processing of egg-laying hormone-related precursors inAplysia. Identification of peptide regions critical for biological activity.J. Biol. Chem.,263, 9223–9237.
Nagle, G. T., Van Heumen, W. R. A., Knock, S. L., Garcia, A. T., McCullough, D. A. and Kurosky, A. (1993) Occurrence of a furin-like prohormone processing enzyme inAplysia neuroendocrine bag cells.Comp. Biochem. Physiol.,105B, 345–348.
Paganetti, R. and Scheller, R. H. (1994) Proteolytic processing of theAplysia A peptide precursor in AtT-20 cells.Brain Res.,633, 53–62.
Painter, S. D., Chong, M. G., Wong, M. A., Cormier, J. G. and Nagle, G. T. (1991) Relative contributions of the egg layer and egg cordon to pheromonal attraction and the induction of mating and egg-laying behavior inAplysia.Biol. Bull.,181, 81–94.
Painter, S. D., Gustavson, A. R., Kalman, V. K., Nagle, G. T. and Blankenship, J. E. (1989) Induction of copulatory behavior inAplysia: Atrial gland factors mimic the excitatory effects of freshly deposited egg cordons.Behav. Neural. Biol.,51, 222–236.
Painter, S. D., Kalman, V. K., Nagle, G. T., Zukerman, R. A. and Blankenship, J. E. (1985) The anatomy and functional morphology of the large hermaphroditic duct of three species ofAplysia, with special reference to the atrial gland.J. Morphol.,186, 167–194.
Painter, S. D., Zuckerman, R. A., Nagle, G. T. and Blankenship, J. E. (1983) Functional morphology of the atrial gland and the large hermaphroditic duct of Aplysiacalifornica.Neurosci. Abstr.,9, 77.
Rothman, B. S., Hawke, D. H., Brown, R. O., Lee, T. D., Dehghan, A. A., Shively, J. E. and Mayeri, E. (1986) Isolation and primary structure of the califins, three biologically active egg-laying hormone-like peptides from the atrial gland ofAplysia californica.J. Biol. Chem.,261, 1616–1623.
Roubos, E. W. and Wal-Divendal, R. M. Van Der (1980) Ultrastructural analysis of peptide-hormone release by exocytosis.Cell Tissue Res.,207, 267–275.
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F. and Maniatis, T. (1989).Molecular Cloning, ed. 2. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, p 7.3.
Scheller, R. H., Jackson, J. F., McAllister, L. B., Rothman, B. S., Mayeri, E. and Axel, R. (1983) A single gene encodes multiple neuropeptides mediating a stereotyped behavior. Cell,32, 7–22.
Scheller, R. H., Jackson, J. F., McAllister, L. B., Schwartz, J. H., Kandel, E. R. and Axel, R. (1982) A family of genes that codes for ELH, a neuropeptide eliciting a sterotyped pattern of behavior inAplysia.Cell,28, 707–719.
Shyamala, M., Nambu, J. R. and Scheller, R. H. (1986) Expression of the egg-laying hormone gene family in the head ganglia ofAplysia.Brain Res.,371, 49–57.
Strumwasser, F., Jacklet, J. W. and Alvarez, R. B. (1969) A seasonal rhythm in the neural extract induction of behavioral egg-laying inAplysia.Comp. Biochem. Physiol,29, 197–206.
Strumwasser, F., Kaczmarek, L. K., Chiu, A. Y., Heller, E., Jennings, K. and Viele, D. (1980) Peptides controlling behavior inAplysia.Soc. Gen. Physiol. Ser.,35, 197–218.