Expression and functional roles of neural cell surface molecules and extracellular matrix components during development and regeneration of peripheral nerves
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abo, T. &Balch, C. M. (1981) A differentiation antigen of human NK and K cells identified by a monoclonal antibody (HNK-1).Journal of Immunology 127, 1024?9.
Aguayo, A. J. (1985) Axonal regeneration from injured neurons in the adult mammalian central nervous system. InSynaptic Plasticity (ed.Cotman, C. W.) pp. 457?84 New York: The Guilford Press.
Aguayo, A. J., Charron, L. &Bray, G. M. (1976) Potential of Schwann cells from unmyelinated nerves to produce myelin: a quantitative ultrastructural and radiographic study.Journal of Neurocytology 5, 565?73.
Ariga, T., Kohriyama, T., Freddo, L., Latov, N., Saito, M., Kon, K., Ando, S., Suzuki, M., Hemling, M. E., Rinehart, K. L., Kusunoki, S. &Yu, R. K. (1987) Characterization of sulfated glucuronic acid containing glycolipids reacting with IgM M-proteins in patients with neuropathy.Journal of Biological Chemistry 262, 848?53.
Arquint, M., Roder, J., Chia, L.-S., Down, J., Wilkinson, D., Bayley, H., Braun, P. &Dunn, R. (1987) Molecular cloning and primary structure of myelinassociated glycoprotein.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 84, 600?4.
Baron-Vanevercooren, A., Kleinmann, H. K., Ohno, S. Marangos, P., Schwartz, J. P. &Dubois-Daecq, M. E. (1982) Nerve growth factor, laminin, and fibronectin promote neurite growth in human fetal sensory ganglia cultures.Journal of Neuroscience Research 8, 179?93.
Barthels, D., Santoni, N. -J., Wille, W., Ruppert, C., Chaix, J.-C., Hirsch, R., Fontecilla-Camps, J. C. &Goridis, C. (1987) Isolation and nucleotide sequence of mouse N-CAM cDNA that codes for a Mr 79000 polypeptide without a membrane-spanning region.EMBO Journal 6, 907?14.
Bartsch, S., Bartsch, U., Dörries, U., Faissner, A., Weller, A., Ekblom, P. &Schachner, M. (1992) Expression of tenascin in the developing and adult cerebellar cortex.Journal of Neuroscience 12, 736?49.
Bartsch, U., Kirchhoff, F. &Schachner, M. (1989) Immunohistological localization of the adhesion molecules L1, N-CAM, and MAG in the developing and adult optic nerve of mice.Journal of Comparative Neurology 284, 451?62.
Bartsch, U., Bartsch, S., Dörries, U. &Schachner, M. (1992) Immunohistological localization of tenascin in the developing and lesioned mouse optic nerve.European Journal of Neuroscience 4, 338?52.
Bhattacharyya, A., Frank, E., Ratner, N. &Brackenbury, R. (1991) P0 is an early marker of the Schwann cell lineage in chickens.Neuron 7, 831?44.
Bixby, J. L., Lilien, J. &Reichardt, L. F. (1988) Identification of the major proteins that promote neuronal process outgrowth on Schwann cellsin vitro.Journal of Cell Biology 107, 353?61.
Bock, E., Richter-Landsberg, C., Faissner, A. &Schachner, M. (1985) Demonstration of immunochemical identity between the nerve growth factorinducible large external (NILE) glycoprotein and the cell adhesion molecule L1.EMBO Journal 4, 2765?8.
Boisseau, S., Nedelec, J., Poirier, V., Rougon, G. &Simonneau, M. (1991) Analysis of high PSA N-CAM expression during mammalian spinal cord and peripheral nervous system development.Development 112, 69?82.
Von Bohlen Und Halbach, F., Taylor, J. &Schachner, M. (1992) Cell type-specific effects of the neural adhesion molecules L1 and N-CAM on diverse second messenger systems.European Journal of Neuroscience 4, 896?909.
Brümmendorf, T., Wolff, J. M., Frank, R. &Rathjen, F. G. (1989) Neural cell recognition molecule F11: homology with fibronectin type III and immunoglobulin type C domains.Neuron 2, 1351?61.
Brushart, T. M. (1988) Preferential reinnervation of motor nerves by regenerating motor axons.Journal of Neuroscience 8, 1026?31.
Brushart, T. M. (1990) Preferential motor reinnervation: a sequential double-labelling study.Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience 1, 281?7.
Brushart, T. M. (1993) Motor axons preferentially reinnervate motor pathways.Journal of Neuroscience,13, 2730?8.
Brushart, T. M., Martini, R. &Schachner, M. (1992) Expression of L2/HNK-1 in reinnervated peripheral nerve.Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 18, 1462.
Bunge, R. P., Bunge, M. B. &Eldridge, C. F. (1986) Linkage between axonal ensheathment and basal lamina production by Schwann cells.Annual Review of Neuroscience 9, 305?28.
Bunge, R. P., Bunge, M. B. &Bates, M. (1989) Movements of the Schwann cell nucleus implicate progession of the inner (axon-related) Schwann cell process during myelination.Journal of Cell biology 109, 273?84.
Carpenter, E. M. &Hollyday, M. (1992) The location and distribution of neural crest-derived Schwann cells in developing peripheral nerves in the chick forelimb.Developmental Biology 150, 144?59.
Chiquet, M. (1989) Tenascin/J1/cytotactin: the potential function of hexabrachion proteins in neural development.Developmental Neuroscience 11, 266?75.
Chiquet-Ehrismann, R. (1990) What distinguishes tenascin from fibronectin?FASEB Journal 4, 2598?604.
Chou, D. K. H., Ilyas, A. A., Evans, J. E., Costello, C., Quarles, R. H. &Jungalwala, F. B. (1986) Structure of sulfated glucuronyl glycolipids in the nervous system reacting with HNK-1 antibody and some IgM paraproteins in neuropathy.Journal of Biological Chemistry 261, 11717?25.
Chou, K. H., Ilyas, A. A., Evans, J. E., Quarles, R. H. &Jungalwala, F. B. (1985) Structure of a glycolipid reacting with monoclonal IgM in neuropathy and with HNK-1.Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication 128, 383?8.
Cravioto, H. (1965) The role of Schwann cells in the development of human peripheral nerves. An electron microscopic study.Journal of Ultrastructure Research 12, 634?51.
Cunningham, B. A. &Edelman, G. M. (1990) Structure, expression, and cell surface modulation of cell adhesion molecules. InMorphoregulatory molecules (ed. byEdelman, G. M., Cunningham, B. A. &Thiery, J.-P.), pp. 9?40. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Cunningham, B. A., Hoffman, S., Rutishauser, U., Hemperly, J. J. &Edelman, G. M. (1983) Molecular topography of the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM: surface orientation and location of sialic acid-rich and binding regions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 80, 3116?20.
Cunningham, B. A., Hemperly, J. J., Murray, B. A., Prediger, E. A., Brackenbury, R. &Edelman, G. M. (1987) Neural cell adhesion molecule: structure, immunoglobulin-like domains, cell surface modulation, and alternative RNA splicing.Science 236, 799?806.
Dahm, L. M. &Landmesser, L. T. (1988) The regulation of intramuscular nerve branching during normal development and following activity blockade.Developmental Biology 130, 621?44.
Daniloff, J. K., Levi, G., Grumet, M., Rieger, F. &Edelman, G. M. (1986) Altered expression of neuronal cell adhesion molecules induced by nerve injury and repair.Journal of Cell Biology 103, 929?45.
Daniloff, J. K., Crossin, K. L., Pincon-Raymond, M., Murawsky, M., Rieger, F. &Edelman, G. M. (1989) Expression of cytotactin in the normal and regenerating neuromuscular system.Journal of Cell Biology 108, 625?35.
Davies, J. A., Cook, G. M. W., Stern, C. D. &Keynes, R. J. (1990) Isolation from chick somites of a glycoprotein fraction that causes collapse of dorsal root ganglion growth cones.Neuron 2, 11?20.
D'Urso, D., Brophy, P. J., Staugaitis, S. M., Gillespie, C. S., Frey, A. B., Stempak, J. G. &Colman, D. R. (1990) Protein zero of peripheral nerve myelin: biosynthesis, membrane insertion, and evidence for homotypic interaction.Neuron 2, 449?60.
Engvall, E., Earwicker, D., Haaparanta, T., Ruoslahti, E. &Sanes, J. R. (1990) Distribution and isolation of four laminin variants; tissue restricted distribution of heterotrimers assembled from five different subunits.Cell Regulation 1, 731?40.
Erickson, H. P. &Bourdon, M. A. (1989) Tenascin: an extracellular matrix protein prominent in specialized embryonic tissues and tumors.Annual Review of Cell Biology 5, 71?92.
Fawcett, J. W. &Keynes, R. J. (1990) Peripheral nerve regeneration.Annual Review of Neuroscience 13, 43?60.
Filbin, M. T., Walsh, F. S., Trapp, B. D., Pizzey, J. A. &Tennekoon, G. I. (1990) Role of myelin P0 protein as a homophilic adhesion molecule.Nature 344, 871?2.
Finne, J. (1990) The carbohydrate units of nervous tissue glycoproteins: Structural properties and role in cell interactions. InMorphoregulatory Molecules (ed.Edelman, G. M., Cunningham, B. A. &Thiery, J.-P.), pp. 81?116. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Fischer, G., Künemund, V. &Schachner, M. (1986) Neurite outgrowth in cerebellar microexplant cultures are affected by antibodies to the cell surface glycoprotein L1.Journal of Neuroscience 6, 602?12.
Frail, D. E. &Braun, P. E. (1984) Two developmentally regulated messenger RNAs differing in their coding region may exist for the myelin-associated glycoprotein.Journal of Biological Chemistry 259, 14857?62.
Frail, D. E., Webster, H. Def. &Braun, P. E. (1985) Developmental expression of the myelin-associated glycoprotein in the peripheral nervous system is different from that in the central nervous system.Journal of Neurochemistry 45, 1308?10.
Galileo, D. S., Majors, J., Horwitz, A. F. &Sanes, J. R. (1992) Retrovirally introduced antisense integrin RNA inhibits neuroblast migrationin vivo.Neuron 9, 1117?31.
Giese, K. P., Martini, R., Lemke, G., Soriano, P. &Schachner, M. (1992) Mouse P0 gene disruption leads to hypomyelination, abnormal expression of recognition molecules, and degeneration of myelin and axons.Cell 71, 565?76.
Goridis, C., Hirn, M., Santoni, M.-J., Gennarini, G., Deagostini-Bazin, H., Jordan, B. R., Kiefer, M. &Steinmetz, M. (1985) Isolation of mouse N-CAM-related cDNA: detection and cloning using monoclonal antibodies.EMBO Journal 4, 631?35.
Greenfield, S., Brostoff, S., Eylar, E. H. &Morell, P. (1973) Protein composition of myelin in the peripheral nervous system.Journal of Neurochemistry 20, 1207?16.
Grumet, M. &Edelman, G. M. (1984) Heterotypic binding between neuronal membrane vesicles and glial cells is mediated by a specific neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule.Journal of Cell Biology 98, 1746?56.
Grumet, M., Hoffman, S., Chuong, C.-M. &Edelman, G. M. (1984) Polypeptide components and binding functions of neuron-glia cell adhesion molecules.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 81, 7989?93.
Gulcher, J. R., Nies, D. E., Marton, L. S. &Stefansson, K. (1989) An alternatively spliced region of the human hexabrachion contains a repeat of potential N-glycosylation sites.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 86, 1588?92.
Gupta, S. K., Poduslo, J. F., Dunn, R., Roder, J. &Mezei, C. (1990) Myelin-associated glycoprotein gene expression in the presence and absence of Schwann cell-axonal contact.Developmental Neuroscience 12, 22?33.
Hahn, A. F., Whitaker, J. N., Kachar, B. &Webster, H. Def. (1987) P2, P1, and P0 myelin protein expression in developing rat sixth nerve: a quantitative immunocyto-chemical study.Journal of Comparative Neurology 260, 501?12.
Hall, S. M. (1989) Regeneration in the peripheral nervous system.Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 15, 513?29.
Hlavin, M. L. &Lemmon, V. (1991) Molecular structure and functional testing of human L1CAM: an interspecies comparison.Genomics 11, 416?23.
Hoffman, S. &Edelman, G. M. (1983) Kinetics of homophilic binding by embryonic and adult forms of the neural cell adhesion molecule.Proceedings of the National Acadenty of Sciences (USA) 80, 5762?6.
Hunter, D. D., Porter, B. E., Bulock, J. W., Adams, S. P., Merlie, J. P. &Sanes, J. R. (1989a) Primary sequence of a motor neuron-selective adhesive site in the synaptic basal lamina protein s-laminin.Cell 59, 905?13.
Hunter, D. D., Shah, V., Merlie, J. P. &Sanes, J. R. (1989b) A laminin-like adhesive protein concentrated in the synaptic cleft of the neuromuscular junction.Nature 338, 229?34.
Hunter, D. D., Cashman, N., Morris-Valero, R., Bulock, J. W., Adams, S. P. &Sanes, J. R. (1991) An LRE (leucine-arginine-glutamate)-dependent mechanism for adhesion of neurons to S-laminin.Journal of Neuroscience 11, 3960?71.
Husmann, K., Faissner, A. &Schachner, M. (1992) Tenascin promotes cerebellar granule cell migration and neurite outgrowth by different domains in fibronectin type III repeats.Journal of Cell Biology 116, 1475?86.
Ide, C., Tohyama, K., Yokota, R., Nitatori, T. &Onodera, S. (1983) Schwann cell basal lamina and nerve regeneration.Brain Research 288, 61?75.
Ilyas, A. A., Quarles, R. H. &Brady, R. O. (1984) The monoclonal antibody HNK-1 reacts with a human peripheral nerve ganglioside.Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication 122, 1206?11.
Inuzuka, T., Fujita, N., Sato, S., Baba, H., Nakano, R., Ishiguro, H. &Miyyatake, T. (1991) Expression of the large myelin-associated glycoprotein in the mouse peripheral nervous system.Brain Research 562, 173?5.
Jessell, T. M., Hynes, M. A. &Dodo, J. (1990) Carbohydrates and carbohydrate-binding proteins in the nervous system.Annual Review of Neuroscience 13, 227?55.
Jessen, K. R. &Mirsky, R. (1992) Schwann cells: early lineage, regulation of proliferation and control of myelin formation.Current Opinion in Neurobiology 2, 575?81.
Jessen, K. R., Mirsky, R. &Morgan, L. (1987) Myelinated, but not unmyelinated axons, reversibly down-regulate N-CAM in Schwann cells.Journal of Neurocytology 16, 681?8.
Jessen, K. R., Morgan, L., Stewart, H. J. S. &Mirsky, R. (1990) Three markers of adult non-myelin-forming Schwann cells, 217c (Ran-1), A5E3 and GFAP: development and regulation by neuron-Schwann cell interactions.Development 109, 91?103.
Johnson, P. W., Abramow-Newerly, W., Seilheimer, B., Sadoul, R., Tropak, M. B., Arquint, M., Dunn, R. J., Schachner, M. &Roder, J. C. (1989) Recombinant myelin-associated glycoprotein confers neural adhesion and neurite outgrowth function.Neuron 3, 377?85.
Jones, F. S., Hoffman, S., Cunningham, B. A. &Edelman, G. M. (1989) A detailed structural model of cytotactin: Protein homologies, alternative RNA splicing, and binding regions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 86, 1905?9.
Kioussi, C., Crine, P. &Matsas, R. (1992) Endopeptidase-24.11. is suppressed in myelin-forming but not in nonmyelin forming Schwann cells during development of the rat sciatic nerve.Neuroscience 50, 69?83.
Kücherer-Ehret, A., Graeber, M. B., Edgar, D., Thoenen, H. &Kreutzberg, G. W. (1990) Immunoelectron microscopic localization of laminin in normal and regenerating mouse sciatic nerve.Journal of Neurocytology 19, 101?9.
Künemund, V., Jungalwala, F. B., Fischer, G., Chou, D. K. H., Keilhauer, G. &Schachner, M. (1988) The L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate of neural cell adhesion molecules is involved in cell interactions.Journal of Cell Biology 106, 213?23.
Kuffler, D. P. (1986) Accurate reinnervation of motor end plates after disruption of sheath cells and muscle fibers.Journal of Comparative Neurology 250, 228?35.
Lai, C., Brow, M. A., Nave, K.-A., Noronha, A. B., Quarles, R. H., Bloom, F. E., Milner, R. J. &Sutcliffe, J. G. (1987a) Two forms of 1B236/myelinassociated glycoprotein, a cell adhesion molecule for postnatal neural development, are produced by alternative splicing.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 84, 4337?41.
Lai, C., Watson, J. B., Bloom, F. E., Sutcliffe, J. G. &Milner, R. J. (1987b) Neural protein 1B236/myelinassociated glycoprotein (MAG) defines a subgroup of the immunoglobulin superfamily.Immunological Reviews 100, 129?51.
Lander, A. D. (1989) Understanding the molecules of neural cell contacts: emerging patterns of structure and function.Trends in Neurosciences 12, 189?95.
Landmesser, L. T., Dahm, L., Schultz, K. &Rutishauser, U. (1988) Distinct roles for adhesion molecules during innervation of embryonic chick muscle.Developmental Biology 130, 645?70.
Landmesser, L., Dahm, L., Tang, J. &Rutishauser, U. (1990) Polysialic acid as a regulator of intramuscular nerve branching during embryonic development.Neuron 4, 655?67.
Laywell, E. D., Dörries, U., Bartsch, U., Faissner, A., Schachner, M. &Steindler, D. A. (1992) Enhanced expression of the developmentally regulated extracellular matrix molecule tenascin following adult brain injury.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 89, 2634?8.
Lemke, G. &Axel, R. (1985) Isolation and sequence of a cDNA encoding the major structural protein of peripheral myelin.Cell 40, 501?8.
Lemke, G., Lamar, E. &Patterson, J. (1988) Isolation and analysis of the gene encoding peripheral myelin protein zero.Neuron 1, 73?83.
Lemmon, V. &Mcloon, S. C. (1986) The appearance of an L1-like molecule in the chick primary visual pathway.Journal of Neuroscience 6, 2987?94.
Lochter, A., Vaughan, L., Kaplony, A., Prochiantz, A., Schachner, M. &Faissner, A. (1991) J1/tenascin in substrate-bound and soluble form displays contrary effects on neurite outgrowth.Journal of Cell Biology 113, 1159?71.
Manthorpe, M., Engvall, E., Ruoslahti, E., Longo, F. M., Davis, G. E. &Varon, S. (1983) Laminin promotes neuritic regeneration from cultured peripheral and central neurons.Journal of Cell Biology 97, 1882?90.
Marinkovich, M. P., Lunstrum, G. P., Keene, D. R. &Burgeson, R. E. (1992) The dermal-epidermal junction of human skin contains a novel laminin variant.Journal of Cell Biology 119, 695?703.
Martin, J. R. &Webster, H. Def. (1973) Mitotic Schwann Cells in developing nerve: their changes in shape, fine structure, and axon relationships.Developmental Biology 32, 417?31.
Martini, R. &Schachner, M. (1986) Immunoelectron microscopic localization of neural cell adhesion molecules (L1, N-CAM, and MAG) and their shared carbohydrate epitope and myelin basic protein in developing sciatic nerve.Journal of Cell Biology 103, 2439?48.
Martini, R. &Schachner, M. (1988) Immunoelectron microscopic localization of neural cell adhesion molecules (L1, N-CAM, and myelin-associated glycoprotein) in regenerating adult mouse sciatic nerve.Journal of Cell Biology 106, 1735?46.
Martini, R. &Schachner, M. (1991) Complex expression pattern of tenascin during innervation of the posterior limb buds of the developing chicken.Journal of Neuroscience Research 28, 261?79.
Martini, R., Bollensen, E. &Schachner, M. (1988) Immunocytological localization of the major peripheral nervous system glycoprotein P0 and the L2/HNK-1 and L3 carbohydrate structures in developing and adult mouse sciatic nerve.Developmental Biology 129, 330?8.
Martini, R., Schachner, M. &Faissner, A. (1990) Enhanced expression of the extracellular matrix molecule J1/tenascin in the regenerating adult mouse sciatic nerve.Journal of Neurocytology 19, 601?16.
Martini, R., Xin, Y., Schmitz, B. &Schachner, M. (1992) The L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope is involved in the preferential outgrowth of motor neurons on ventral roots and motor nerves.European Journal of Neuroscience 4, 628?39.
Mckeon, R. J., Schreiber, R. C., Rudge, J. S. &Silver, J. (1991) Reduction of neurite outgrowth in a model of glial scarring following CNS injury is correlated with the expression of inhibitory molecules on reactive astrocytes.Journal of Neuroscience 11, 3398?411.
Mirsky, R., Jessen, K. R., Schachner, M. &Goridis, C. (1986) Distribution of the adhesion molecules N-CAM and L1 on peripheral neurons and glia in adult rats.Journal of Neurocytology 15, 799?815.
Mitchell, L. S., Griffiths, I. R., Morrison, S., Barrie, J. A., Kirkham, D. &Mcphilemy, K. (1990) Expression of myelin protein gene transcripts by Schwann cells of regenerating nerve.Journal of Neurosdence Research 21, 125?35.
Miura, M., Kobayashi, M., Asou, H. &Uyemura, K. (1991) Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding the rat neural cell adhesion molecule L1. Two L1 isoforms in the cytoplasmic region are produced by differential splicing.FEBS Letters 289, 91.
Moos, M., Tacke, R., Scherer, H., Teplow, D., Früh, K. &Schachner, M. (1988) Neural adhesion molecule L1 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily with binding domains similar to fibronectin.Nature 334, 701?3.
Murray, B. A., Hemperly, J. J., Prediger, E. A., Edelman, G. M. &Cunningham, B. A. (1986) Alternatively spliced mRNAs code for different polypeptide chains of the chicken neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM).Journal of Cell Biology 102, 189?93.
Nathaniel, E. J. H. &Pease, D. C. (1963) Regenerative changes in rat dorsal roots following Wallerian degeneration.Journal of Ultrastructure Research 9, 533?49.
Nieke, J. &Schachner, M. (1985) Expression of the neural cell adhesion molecules L1 and N-CAM and their common carbohydrate epitope L2/HNK-1 during development and after transsection of mouse sciatic nerve.Differentiation 30, 141?51.
Noakes, P. G. &Bennett, M. R. (1987) Growth of axonsinto developing muscles of the chick forelimb is preceded by cells that stain with Schwann cell antibodies.Journal of Comparative Neurology 259, 330?47.
Noakes, P. G., Bennett, M. R. &Stratford, J. (1988) Migration of Schwann cells and axons into developing chick forelimb muscles following removal of either the neural tube or the neural crest.Journal of Comparative Neurology 277, 214?33.
Noronha, A., Ilyas, A., Antonicek, H., Schachner, M. &Quarles, R. H. (1986) Molecular specificity of L2 monoclonal antibodies that bind to carbohydrate determinants of neural cell adhesion molecules and their resemblance to other monoclonal antibodies recognizing the myelin-associated glycoprotein.Brain Research 385, 237?44.
Oakley, R. A. &Tosney, K. W. (1991) Peanut agglutinin and chondroitin-6-sulfate are molecular markers for tissues that act as barriers to axon advance in the avian embryo.Developmental Biology 147, 187?206.
Onda, H., Poulin, M. L., Tassava, R. A. &Chili, I.-M. (1991) Characterization of a newt tenascin cDNA and localization of tenascin mRNA during newt limb regeneration by in situ hybridization.Developmental Biology 148, 219?32.
Owens, G. C. &Bunge, R. P. (1989) Evidence for an early role for myelin-associated glycoprotein in the process of myelination.Glia 2, 119?28.
Owens, G. C. &Bunge, R. P. (1990) Schwann cells depleted of galactocerebroside express myelin-associated glycoprotein and initiate but do not continue the process of myelination.Glia 3, 118?24.
Owens, G. C. &Bunge, R. P. (1991) Schwann cells infected with a recombinant retrovirus expressing myelin-associated glycoprotein antisense RNA do not form myelin.Neuron 7, 565?75.
Owens, G. C., Boyd, C. J., Bunge, R. P. &Salzer, J. L. (1990) Expression of recombinant myelin-associated glycoprotein in primary Schwann cells promotes the initial investment of axons by myelinating Schwann cells.Journal of Cell Biology 111, 1171?82.
Perry, V. H. &Brown, M. C. (1992) Role of macrophages in peripheral nerve degeneration and repair.BioEssays 14, 401?6.
Peters, A. &Muir, A. R. (1959) The relationship between axons and Schwann cells during development of peripheral nerves in the rat.Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology 44, 117?30.
Peters, A., Palay, S. L. &Webster, H. Def. (1991)The Fine Structure of the Nervous System. New York, Oxford. Oxford University Press.
Poltorak, M., Sadoul, R., Keilhauer, G., Landa, C., Fahrig, T. &Schachner, M. (1987) Myelin-associated glycoprotein, a member of the L2/HNK-1 family of neural cell adhesion molecules, is involved in neuron-oligodendrocyte and oligodendrocyte-oligodendrocyte interaction.Journal of Cell Biology 105, 1893?9.
Prieto, A. L., Jones, F. S., Cunningham, B. A., Crossin, K. L. &Edeeman, G. M. (1990) Localization during development of alternatively spliced forms of cytotactin mRNA byin situ hybridization.Journal of Cell Biology 111, 685?98.
Prince, J. T., Aeberti, L., Healy, P. A., Nauman, S. J. &Stallcup, W. B. (1991) Molecular cloning of NILE glycoprotein and evidence for its continued expression in mature rat CNS.Journal of Neuroscience Research 30, 567?81.
Quarles, R. H. (1984) Myelin-associated glycoprotein in development and disease.Developmental Neuroscience 6, 285?303.
Quarles, R. H. &Trapp, B. D. (1984) Localization of myelin-associated glycoprotein.Journal of Neurochemistry 43, 1773?4.
Quarles, R. H., Barbarash, G. R., Figlewicz, D. A. &Mcintyre, L. J. (1983) Purification and partial characterization of the myelin-associated glycoprotein from adult rat brain.Biochimica Biophysica Acta 757, 140?3.
Ramon Y Cajal, S. (1928)Degeneration and Regeneration of the Nervous System Vol. 1. translated by R. M. May, London: Oxford University Press.
Ranscht, B. &Bronner-Fraser, M. (1991) T-cadherin expression alternates with migrating neural crest cells in the trunk of the avian embryo.Development 111, 15?22.
Rathjen, F. G. (1988) A neurite outgrowth-promoting molecule in developing fiber tracts.Trends in Neurosciences 11, 183?4.
Rathjen, F. G. &Schachner, M. (1984) Immunocytological and biochemical characterization of a new neuronal cell surface component (L1 antigen) which is involved in cell adhesion.EMBO Journal 3, 1?10.
Rathjen, F. G., Wolff, J. M., Frank, R., Bonhöfer, F. &Rutishauser, U. (1987) Membrane glycoproteins involved in neurite fasciculation.Journal of Cell Biology 104, 343?53.
Reichardt, L. F. &Tomaselli, K. J. (1991) Extracellular matrix molecules and their receptors: functions in neural development.Annual Review of Neuroscience 14, 531?70.
Remsen, L. G., Strain, G. M., Newman, M. J., Satterlee, N. &Daniloff, J. K. (1990) Antibodies to the neural cell adhesion molecule disrupt functional recovery in injured nerves.Experimental Neurology 110, 268?73.
Rieger, F., Daniloff, J. K., Pincon-Raymond, M., Crossin, K. L., Grumet, M. &Edelman, G. M. (1986) Neuronal cell adhesion molecules and cytotactin are colocalized at the node of Ranvier.Journal of Cell Biology 103, 379?91.
Rogers, S. L., Letourneau, P. C., Palm, S. L., Mccarthy, J. &Furcht, L. T. (1983) Neurite extension by peripheral and central nervous system neurons in response to substratum-bound fibronectin and laminin.Developmental Biology 98, 212?20.
Rutishauser, U. &Jessell, T. M. (1988) Cell adhesion molecules in vertebrate neural development.Physiological Reviews 68, 819?57.
Rutishauser, U. &Landmesser, L. (1991) Polysialic acid on the surface of axons regulates patterns of normal and activity-dependent innervation.Trends in Neurosciences 14, 528?32.
Sadoul, R., Hirn, M., Deagostini-Bazin, H., Rougon, G. &Goridis, C. (1983) Adult and embryonic mouse neural cell adhesion molecules have different binding properties.Nature 304, 347?9.
Sadoul, R., Fahrig, T., Bartsch, U. &Schachner, M. (1990) Binding properties of liposomes containing the myelin-associated glycoprotein MAG to neural cell cultures.Journal of Neuroscience Research 25, 1?13.
Saga, Y., Tsukamoto, T., Jing, N., Kusakabe, M. &Sakakura, T. (1991) Murine tenascin: cDNA cloning, structure and temporal expression of isoforms.Gene 104, 177?85.
Salzer, J. L., Holmes, W. P. &Colman, D. R. (1987) The amino acid sequences of the myelin-associated glycoproteins: homology to the immunoglobulin gene superfamily.Journal of Cell Biology 104, 957?65.
Sandrock, A. W. &Matthew, W. D. (1987a) Identification of a peripheral nerve neurite growth-promoting activity by development and use of anin vitro bioassay.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 84, 6934?8.
Sandrock, A. W. &Matthew, W. D. (1987b) Anin vitro neurite promoting antigen functions in axonal regenerationin vivo.Science 237, 1605?8.
Sanes, J. R. (1989) Extracellular matrix molecules that influence neural development.Annual Review of Neuroscience 12, 491?516.
Sanes, J. R. (1993) Topographic maps and molecular gradients.Current Opinion in Neurobiology 3, 67?74.
Sanes, J. R., Engvall, E., Butkowski, R. &Hunter, D. D. (1990) Molecular heterogeneity of basal laminae: isoforms of laminin and collagen IV at the neuromuscular junction and elsewhere.Journal of Cell Biology 111, 1685?99.
Schachner, M. (1990) Functional implications of glial cell recognition molecules.Seminars in the Neurosciences 2, 497?507.
Schachner, M., Antonicek, H., Fahrig, T., Faissner, A., Fischer, G., Künemund, V., Martini, R., Meyer, A., Persohn, E., Pollerberg, E., Probstmeier, R., Sadoul, K., Sadoul, R., Seilheimer, B. &Thor, G. (1990) Families of cell adhesion molecules. InMorphoregulatory Molecules (edited byEdelman, G. M., Cunningham, B. A. &Thiery, J.-P.), pp. 443?68. New York: J. Wiley & Sons.
Scherer, S. S. &Easter, S. S. (1984) Degenerative and regenerative changes in the trochlear nerve of goldfish.Journal of Neurocytology 13, 519?65.
Schneider-Schaulies, J., Brunn, A.Von &Schachner, M. (1990) Recombinant peripheral myelin protein P0 confers both adhesion and neurite outgrowth-promoting properties,Journal of Neuroscience Research 27, 286?97.
Schnell, L. &Schwab, M. E. (1990) Axonal regeneration in the rat spinal cord produced by an antibody against myelin-associated neurite growth inhibitors.Nature 343, 269?72.
Schuch, U., Lohse, M. J. &Schachner, M. (1989) Neural cell adhesion molecules influence second messenger systems.Neuron 3, 13?20.
Schwab, M. E., Kapfhammer, J. P. &Bandtlow, C. E. (1993) Inhibitors of neurite growth.Annual Reviews of Neuroscience 16, 565?95.
Schwarting, G. A., Jungalwala, F. B., Chou, D. K. H., Boyer, A. M. &Yamamoto, M. (1987) Sulfated glucuronic acid-containing glycoconjugates are temporally and spatially regulated antigens in the developing mammalian nervous system.Developmental Biology 120, 65?76.
Seilheimer, B. &Schachner, M. (1988) Studies of adhesion molecules mediating interactions between cells of peripheral nervous system indicate a major role for L1 in mediating sensory neuron growth on Schwann cells in culture.Journal of Cell Biology 107, 341?51.
Seilheimer, B., Persohn, E. &Schachner, M. (1989) Antibodies to the L1 adhesion molecule inhibit Schwann cell ensheathment of neuronsin vitro.Journal of Cell Biology 109, 3095?103.
Small, S. J., Shull, G. E., Santoni, M.-J. &Akeson, R. (1987) Identification of a cDNA clone that contains the complete coding sequence for a 140-kD rate N-CAM polypeptide.Journal of Cell Biology 105, 2335?45.
Spring, J., Beck, K. &Chiquet-Ehrismann, R. (1989) Two contrary functions of tenascin: dissection of the active sites by recombinant tenascin fragments.Cell 59, 325?34.
Stappert, J. &Kemler, R. (1993) Intracellular associations of adhesions molecules.Current Opinion in Neurobiology 3, 60?6.
Stemple, D. L. &Anderson, D. J. (1991) A Schwann cell antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody 217c is the rat low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor.Neuroscience Letters 124, 57?60.
Tacke, R. &Martini, R. (1990) Changes in expression of mRNA specific for cell adhesion molecules (L1 and NCAM) in the transected peripheral nerve of the adult rat.Neuroscience Letters 120, 227?30.
Takeichi, M. (1990) Cadherins: a molecular family important in selective cell-cell adhesion.Annual Review of Biochemistry 59, 237?52.
Tanaka, H., Agata, A. &Obata, K. (1989) A new membrane antigen revealed by monoclonal antibodies is associated with motoneuron axonal pathways.Developmental Biology 132, 419?35.
Tang, J., Landmesser, L. &Rutishauser, U. (1992) Polysialic acid influences specific pathfinding by avian motoneurons.Neuron 8, 1031?44.
Tosney, K. W. (1991) Cells and cell-interactions that guide motor axons in the developing chick embryo.BioEssays 13, 17?23.
Tosney, K. W. &Landmesser, L. T. (1985) Development of the major pathways for neurite outgrowth in the chick hindlimb.Developmental Biology 109, 193?214.
Tosney, K. W. &Oakley, R. A. (1990) The perinotochordal mesenchyme acts as a barrier to axon advance in the chick embryo: implications for a general mechanism of axonal guidance.Experimental Neurology 109, 75?89.
Trapp, B. D. &Quarles, R. H. (1984) Immunocytochemical localization of the myelin-associated glycoprotein: Fact or artifact?Journal of Neuroimmunology 6, 231?49.
Trapp, B. D., O'connell, M. F. &Andrews, S. B. (1986) Ultrastructural immunolocalization of MAG and P0 proteins in cryosections of peripheral nerve.Journal of Cell Biology 103, 228a.
Wang, G.-Y., Hirai, K.-I. &Shimada, H. (1992) The role of laminin, a component of Schwann cell lamina, in rat sciatic nerve regeneration within antiserum-treated nerve grafts.Brain Research 570, 116?25.
Webster, H. Def., Martin, J. R. &O'connell, M. F. (1973) The relationships between interphase Schwann cells and axons before myelination: a quantitative electron microscopic study.Developmental Biology 32, 401?16.
Wehrle, B. &Chiquet, M. (1990) Tenascin is accumulated along developing peripheral nerves and allows neurite outgrowthin vitro.Development 110, 401?15.
Wehrle-Haller, B., Koch, M., Baumgartner, S., Spring, J. &Chiquet, M. (1991) Nerve-dependent and -independent tenascin expression in the developing chick limb bud.Development 112, 627?37.
Weinberg, H. J. &Spencer, P. S. (1975) Studies on the control of myelinogenesis. I. Myelination of regenerating axons after entry into a foreign unmyelinated nerve.Journal of Neurocytology 4, 395?418.
Weller, A., Beck, S. &Ekblom, P. (1991) Amino acid sequence of mouse tenascin and differential expression of two tenascin isoforms during embryogenesis.Journal of Cell Biology 112, 355?62.
Williams, L. R., Longo, F. M., Powell, H. C., Lungborg, G. &Varon, S. (1983) Spatial-temporal progress of peripheral nerve regeneration within a silicone chamber: parameters for a bioassay.Journal of Comparative Neurology 218, 460?70.
Willison, H. J., Trapp, B. D., Bacher, J. D. &Quarles, R. H. (1988) The expression of myelin-associated glycoprotein in regenerating cat sciatic nerve.Brain Research 444, 10?16.
Wood, P. M., Schachner, M. &Bunge, R. P. (1990) Inhibition of Schwann cell myelinationin vitro by antibody to the L1 adhesion molecule.Journal of Neuroscience 10, 3635?45.
Yip, J. W. &Yip, Y. P. L. (1992) Laminin-developmental expression and role in axonal outgrowth in the peripheral nervous system of the chick.Developmental Brain Research 68, 23?33.
Zhang, H., Miller, R. H. &Rutishauser, U. (1992) Polysialic acid is required for optimal growth of axons on a neuronal substrate.Journal of Neuroscience 12, 3107?14.
Zhang, Y., Campbell, G., Anderson, P. A., Lieberman A. R., Martini, R. &Schachner, M. (1993) Cell adhesion and extracellular matrix molecules associated with regenerating CNS axons and Schwann cells of peripheral nerve grafts implanted in adult rat thalamus.Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 13, 1509.