Exposure to inescapable shock produces both activity and associative deficits in the rat
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Altenor, 1977, The generality of learned helplessness in the rat, Learning and Motivation, 8, 54, 10.1016/0023-9690(77)90066-2
Anderson, 1968, Variations in unsignaled inescapable preshock as determinants of responses to punishment, Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 65, 10.1037/h0025838
Anisman, 1975, Time-dependent variations in aversively motivated behaviors: Nonassociative effects of cholinergic and catecholanimergic activity, Psychological Review, 82, 359, 10.1037/0033-295X.82.5.359
Baker, 1976, Learned irrelevance and learned helplessness: Rats learn that stimuli, reinforcers, and responses are uncorrelated, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 2, 130, 10.1037/0097-7403.2.2.130
Baron, 1961, Punishment and preshock as determinants of bar-pressing behavior, Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 54, 716, 10.1037/h0040066
Black, 1977, Comments on “Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence” by Maier and Seligman, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 106, 41, 10.1037/0096-3445.106.1.41
Bracewell, 1974, The effects of restraint and noncontingent pre-shock on subsequent escape learning in the rat, Learning and Motivation, 5, 53, 10.1016/0023-9690(74)90037-X
Glazer, 1976, Long-term and transitory interference effects, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 2, 191, 10.1037/0097-7403.2.3.191
Glazer, 1976, Long-term interference effect: An alternative to “learned helplessness”, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 2, 201, 10.1037/0097-7403.2.3.202
Goodkin, 1976, Rats learn the relationship between responding and environmental events: An expansion of the learned helplessness hypothesis, Learning and Motivation, 7, 382, 10.1016/0023-9690(76)90044-8
Hollis, 1973, Effect of inescapable shock on the efficacy of punishment of appetitive instrumental responding by dogs, Psychological Reports, 33, 903, 10.2466/pr0.1973.33.3.903
Kamin, 1961, Apparent adaptation effects in the acquisition of a conditioned emotional response, Canadian Journal of Psychology, 15, 176, 10.1037/h0083217
Kurtz, 1962, The effects of prior fear exposure on an approach-avoidance conflict, Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 1075, 10.1037/h0049382
Levis, 1976, Learned helplessness: A reply and an alternative S-R interpretation, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 105, 47, 10.1037/0096-3445.105.1.47
Mackintosh, 1973, Stimulus selection: Learning to ignore stimuli that predict no changes in reinforcement
Mackintosh, 1975
Mackintosh, 1975, A theory of attention: Variations in the associability of stimuli with reinforcement, Psychological Review, 82, 276, 10.1037/h0076778
Maier, 1973, Failure to learn to escape in rats previously exposed to inescapable shock depends on nature of escape response, Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 85, 581, 10.1037/h0035307
Maier, 1977, The nature of the initial coping response and the learned helplessness effect, Animal Learning and Behavior, 10.3758/BF03209588
Maier, 1976, Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 105, 3, 10.1037/0096-3445.105.1.3
Maier, 1969, Pavlovian fear conditioning and learned helplessness
Maier, 1975, Failure to learn to escape by rats previously exposed to inescapable shock is partly produced by associative interference, Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 88, 554, 10.1037/h0076421
Pearl, 1964, Suppressing effects of aversive stimulation on subsequently punished behavior, Canadian Journal of Psychology, 18, 343, 10.1037/h0083313
Seligman, 1975, Learned helplessness in the rat, Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 88, 534, 10.1037/h0076430
Seligman, 1971, Unpredictable and uncontrollable aversive events
Weiss, 1976, Coping behavior and neurochemical changes: An alternative explanation for the original “learned helplessness” experiments