Exposure time-dependent cadmium toxicity to Moina macrocopa (Cladocera): a life table demographic study
Tóm tắt
In this work, we quantified the life table demographic responses of Moina macrocopa daily exposed to three concentrations, 0, 0.08, 0.16, and 0.32 mg l−1 of CdCl2 for 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. These cadmium levels represented 10–50% of the median lethal concentration known for M. macrocopa. In general, increase in CdCl2 concentration and increase in the exposure time had a negative impact on the both survivorship and reproduction variables of M. macrocopa. The survivorship curves showed drastic mortality of M. macrocopa exposed for 24 h per day at all three concentrations used. The survival of animals was distinctly lower than in controls for the 3-h exposure at 0.08 mg l−1 of CdCl2. The cladocerans ceased to reproduce when exposed to 0.32 mg l−1 CdCl2 for 6 h or longer. Depending on the heavy metal concentration and the duration of exposure, the average lifespan, net reproductive rate, generation time, and the rate of population increase varied from 3 to 10 days, 1 to 30 offspring female−1, 4 to 8 days, and −0.20 to +0.59 day−1, respectively. Even the lowest CdCl2 concentration for an exposure time of 3 h had an adverse effect on M. macrocopa, which suggested the importance of including pulsed exposure times in ecotoxicological evaluations.
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