Exporters and the environment
Tóm tắt
This paper documents a relationship between international trade and environmental performance at the plant level. Using a panel of establishment‐level data from 1990–2006, I estimate the relationship between export orientation, import competition and pollution emissions. I find a robust relationship between international trade and pollution levels. Exporters emit 9% to 13% less after controlling for output, but there is significant heterogeneity across industries. Import competition is associated with the exit of the smallest, most pollution‐intensive plants. There is no evidence that this result is caused by polluting firms relocating to countries with low levels of environmental regulation and importing back into the US.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Copeland B., 1995, Trade and transboundary pollution, The American Economic Review, 85, 716
Cui J. H.Lapan andG.Moschini(2012) “Are exporters more environmentally friendly than non‐exporters? Theory and evidence ” Iowa State University economics working paper (2002–2016) no. 77
Gutierrez E. andK.Teshima(2011) “Import competition and environmental performance: Evidence from Mexican plant‐level and satellite imagery data ” Centro de Investigacion Economica working paper no. 11‐01