Exploring the empirical literature on mass shooting: A mixed-method systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles

Agnich, 2015, A comparative analysis of attempted and completed school-based mass murder attacks, American Journal of Criminal Justice, 40, 1, 10.1007/s12103-014-9239-5 Arluke, 2018, Harming animals and massacring humans: Characteristics of public mass and active shooters who abused animals, Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 36, 739, 10.1002/bsl.2385 Baird, 2017, Alone and adrift: The association between mass school shootings, school size and student support, The Social Science Journal, 54, 261, 10.1016/j.soscij.2017.01.009 Blair, 2013 Brown, 2018, Mass casualty shooting venues, types of firearms and age of perpetrators in the United States, 1982-2018, American Journal of Public Health, 108, 1385, 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304584 Capellan, 2015, Lone wolf terrorist or deranged shooter? A study of ideological active shooter events in the U.S., 1970–2014, Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 38, 395, 10.1080/1057610X.2015.1008341 Capellan, J. (2019). Looking upstream: A sociological investigation of mass public shootings. In Assessing and averting the prevalence of mass violence (pp. 99-128). IGI Global. Capellan, 2018, A distinction without a difference? Examining the causal pathways behind ideologically motivated mass public shootings, Homicide Studies, 22, 235, 10.1177/1088767918770704 Capellan, 2018, Change and stability in offender, behaviors, and incident-level characteristics of mass public shootings in the United States, 1984-2015, Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 15, 51, 10.1002/jip.1491 Capellan, 2019, Can threat assessment help police prevent mass public shootings? Testing an intelligence-led policing tool, Policing: An International Journal, 42, 16, 10.1108/PIJPSM-07-2018-0089 Cohen, 2014, Rate of mass shootings has tripled since 2011 Dahmen, 2018, Visually reporting mass shootings: U.S. newspaper photographic coverage of three mass school shootings, The American Behavioral Scientist, 62, 163, 10.1177/0002764218756921 Durkheim, 2013 Duwe, 2004, The patterns and prevalence of mass murder in twentieth century America, Justice Quarterly, 21, 729, 10.1080/07418820400095971 Elsass, 2016, Studying school shootings: Challenges and considerations for research, American Journal of Criminal Justice, 41, 444, 10.1007/s12103-015-9311-9 Elsevier. (2018). Get started with Scopus and stay current with the world's research output. Retrieved from https://www.elsevier.com/. Ford, 2016, Training for the unthinkable: Examining message characteristics on motivations to engage in an active-shooter response video, Communication Studies, 67, 438, 10.1080/10510974.2016.1196381 Fox, 1998, Multiple homicide: Patterns of serial and mass murder, Crime and Justice, 23, 407, 10.1086/449274 Havron, 2017, Psychological effect of a mass causality event on general surgery residents, Journal of Surgical Education, 74, e74, 10.1016/j.jsurg.2017.07.021 Hawdon, 2012, Well-being after the Virginia Tech mass murder: The relative effectiveness of face-to-face and virtual interactions in providing support to survivors, Traumatology, 18, 3, 10.1177/1534765612441096 Hayes, 2014, Agent-based simulation of mass shootings: Determining how to limit the scale of a tragedy, JASSS-The Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 17 Hemingway, 2009 Hempel, 1999, Characteristics of a nonrandom sample of mass murders, The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 27, 213 Holmes, 1992, Understanding mass murder: A starting point, Federal Probation, 56, 53 Imenda, 2014, Is there a conceptual difference between theoretical and conceptual frameworks, Journal of Social Sciences, 38, 185, 10.1080/09718923.2014.11893249 Joslyn, 2013, The politics of causes: Mass shootings and the cases of the Virginia tech and Tucson tragedies, Social Science Quarterly, 94, 410, 10.1111/j.1540-6237.2012.00894.x Joslyn, 2017, Gun ownership and self-serving attributions for mass shooting tragedies, Social Science Quarterly, 98, 429, 10.1111/ssqu.12420 Katsavdakis, 2011, A female mass murder, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 56, 813, 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01692.x Kelly, 2012 Kim, 2018 Kim, 2019, Assessment of research on intimate partner violence (IPV) among sexual minorities in the USA, Trauma, Violence & Abuse Kissner, 2016, Are active shootings temporally contagious? An empirical assessment, Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 31, 48, 10.1007/s11896-015-9163-8 Krouse, 2015 Lankford, 2013, Mass shooters in the USA, 1966-2010: Differences between attackers who live and die, Justice Quarterly, 32, 360, 10.1080/07418825.2013.806675 Lankford, A. (2016a) Are America's public mass shooters unique? A comparative analysis of offenders in the United States and other countries. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 40(2), 171-183. Lankford, A. (2016b). Public mass shooters and firearms: A cross-national study of 171 countries. Violence and Victims, 31 (2), 187–199. Lemieux, F., Bricknell, S. & Prenzler, T. (2015). Mass shootings in Australia and the United States, 1981-2013. Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and practice, 1 (3), 131–142. Littleton, 2011, Longitudinal evaluation of the relationship between maladaptive trauma coping and distress: Examination following the mass shooting at Virginia Tech, Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 24, 273, 10.1080/10615806.2010.500722 McArdle McGinty, 2014, New media framing of serious mental illness and gun violence in the United States, American Journal of Public Health, 104, 406, 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301557 Mercier, 2018, Muslim mass shooters are perceived as less mentally ill and more motivated by religion, Psychology of Violence, 8, 772, 10.1037/vio0000217 Mercier, 2018, Muslim mass shooters are perceived as less mentally ill and more motivated by religion, Psychology of Violence, 8, 772, 10.1037/vio0000217 Miron, 2014, Differential predictors of transient stress versus posttraumatic stress disorder: Evaluating risk following targeted mass violence, Behavior Therapy, 45, 791, 10.1016/j.beth.2014.07.005 Mohor, 2009, Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement, PLoS Medicine, 6, 1 Morrissey, 2017, Associations between active shooter incidents and gun ownership and storage among families with young children in the United States, Preventive Medicine, 100, 50, 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.04.002 Osborne, 2017, Examining active shooter events through the rational choice perspective and crime scene analysis, Security Journal, 30, 880, 10.1057/sj.2015.12 Petee, 1997, Debunking the stereotype: An examination of mass murder in public spaces, Homicide Studies, 1, 317, 10.1177/1088767997001004002 Ramirez, 2018, “Invisible during my own crisis”: Responses of LGBT people of color to the Orlando shooting, Journal of Homosexuality, 65, 579, 10.1080/00918369.2017.1328217 Sanchez, 2018, Active shooter training in the emergency department: A safety initiative, Journal of Emergency Nursing, 44, 598, 10.1016/j.jen.2018.07.002 Schildkraut, 2018, Mass shootings and the media: Why all events are not created equal, Journal of Crime and Justice, 41, 223, 10.1080/0735648X.2017.1284689 Shon, P. C. (2012). “Asian really don't do this”: On-science offense characteristics of Asian American school shooters, 91-07. Asian Criminology, 7, 251–272. Silver, 2018, Public mass murderers and federal mental health background checks, Law & Policy, 40, 133, 10.1111/lapo.12102 Smith, 2018, Fatal wounding pattern and causes of potentially preventable death following the Pulse night club shooting event, Prehospital Emergency Care, 22, 662, 10.1080/10903127.2018.1459980 Stroebe, 2017, The impact of the Orlando mass shooting on fear of victimization and gun-purchasing intentions: Not what one might expect, PLoS One, 12, 10.1371/journal.pone.0182408 Studdert, 2017, Handgun acquisitions in California after two mass shootings, Annals of Internal Medicine, 66, 698, 10.7326/M16-1574 Towers, 2015, Contagion in mass killings and school shootings, PLoS One, 1 Towers, 2018, Detecting the contagion effect in mass killings; a constructive example of the statistical advantages of unbinned likelihood methods, PLoS One, 13, 1, 10.1371/journal.pone.0196863 Vasturia, 2018, Demons with firepower: How belief in pure evil relates to perceptions and punishments of gun violence perpetrators, Personality and Individual Differences, 122, 13, 10.1016/j.paid.2017.09.037 Vito, 2018, Masculinity, aggrieved entitlement, and violence: Considering the Isla Vista mass shooting, International Journal for Masculinity Studies, 13, 86 Wallace, 2015, Responding to violence with guns: Mass shootings and gun acquisition, The Social Science Journal, 52, 156, 10.1016/j.soscij.2015.03.002 Wilson, 2016, News content about mass shootings and attitudes toward mental illness, Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 93, 644, 10.1177/1077699015610064 Wusik, 2015, The trauma of uncertainty: The use of comprehensive assessment and prolonged exposure to treat indirect exposure to a mass shooting, Clinical Case Studies, 14, 15, 10.1177/1534650114533815