Exploring the Impact of Chronic Tic Disorders on Youth: Results from the Tourette Syndrome Impact Survey

American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (4th ed., text revision). American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC

Centers for Disease Control (2009) Prevalence of diagnosed Tourette syndrome in children in the United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly 58:581–585

Scahill L, Sukhodolsky D, Williams S, Leckman JF (2005) The public health importance of tics and tic disorders. Adv Neurol 96:240–248

Kurlan R, Como PG, Miller B, Palumbo D, Deeley C, Andresen EM et al (2002) The behavioral spectrum of tic disorders. Neurology 59:414–420

Storch EA, Lack CW, Simons LE, Goodman WK, Murphy TK, Geffken GR (2007) A measure of functional impairment in youth with Tourette’s syndrome. J Pediatr Psychol 32:950–959

Stefl ME, Rubin M (1985) Tourette syndrome in the classroom: special problems, special needs. J Sch Health 55:72–75

Packer LE (2005) Tic-related school problems: impact on functioning, accommodations, and interventions. Behav Modif 29:876–899

Shady GA, Fulton WA, Chamption LM (1988) Tourette syndrome and educational problems in Canada. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 12:263–265

Storch EA, Murphy TK, Chase RM, Keeley M, Goodman WK, Murray M et al (2007) Peer victimization in youth with Tourette’s syndrome and chronic tic disorder: relations with tic severity and internalizing symptoms. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 29:211–219

Bawden HN, Stokes A, Camfield CS, Camfield PR, Salisbury S (1998) Peer relationship problems in children with Tourette’s disorder or diabetes mellitus. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 39:663–668

Stokes A, Bawden HN, Camfield PR, Backman JE, Dooley JM (1991) Peer problems in Tourette’s disorder. Pediatrics 87:936–942

Friedrich S, Morgan SB, Devine C (1996) Children’s attitudes and behavioral intentions toward a peer with Tourette syndrome. J Pediatr Psychol 21:307–319

Boudjouk PJ, Woods DW, Miltenberger RG, Long ES (2000) Negative peer evaluations in adolescents: effects of tic disorders and trichotillomania. Child Fam Behav Ther 22:17–28

Fusco C, Bertani G, Caricati G, Della Giustina E (2006) Stress fracture of the peroneal bone secondary to a complex tic. Brain Dev 28:52–54

Riley DE, Lang AE (1989) Pain in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and related tic disorders. Can J Neurol Sci 16:439–441

Cooper C, Robertson M, Livingston G (2003) Psychological morbidity and caregiver burden in parents of children with Tourette’s disorder and psychiatric comorbidity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 42:1370–1375

Schoeder CE, Remer R (2007) Perceived social support and caregiver strain in caregivers of children with Tourette’s disorder. J Child Fam Stud 16:888–901

Lee M, Chen Y, Wang H, Chen D (2007) Parenting stress and related factors in parents of children with Tourette syndrome. J Nurs Res 15:165–174

Wilkinson BJ, Marshall RM, Curtwright B (2008) Impact of Tourette’s disorder on parent reported stress. J Child Fam Stud 17:298–582

Carter AS, O’Donnell DA, Schultz RT, Scahill L, Leckman JF, Pauls DL (2000) Social and emotional adjustment in children affected with Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome: associations with ADHD and family functioning. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 41:215–223

Pringsheim T, Lang A, Kurlan R, Pearce M, Sandor P (2009) Understanding disability in Tourette syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 51:468–472

Woods DW, Himle MB, Osmon DC (2005) Use of the impact on family scale in children with tic disorders: descriptive data, validity, and tic severity impact. Child Fam Behav Ther 27:11–21

Freeman RD, Fast DK, Burd L, Kerbeshian J, Robertson MM, Sandor P (2000) An international perspective on Tourette syndrome: selected findings from 3500 individuals in 22 countries. Dev Med Child Neurol 42:436–447

Cutler D, Murphy T, Gilmour J, Heyman I (2009) The quality of life of young people with Tourette syndrome. Child Care Health Dev 35:496–504

Storch EA, Merlo LJ, Lack C, Milsom VA, Geffken GR, Goodman WK et al (2007) Quality of life in youth with Tourette’s syndrome and chronic tic disorder. J Clin Child Adol Psychol 36:217–227

Bornstein RA, Stefl ME, Hammond L (1990) A survey of Tourette syndrome patients and their families: the 1987 Ohio Tourette survey. J Neuropsychiatry 2:275–281

Champion LM, Fulton WA, Shady GA (1988) Tourette syndrome and social functioning in a Canadian population. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 12:255–257

Woods DW, Flessner CA, Franklin ME, Keuthen NJ, Goodwin RD, Stein DJ et al (2006) The trichotillomania impact project (TIP): exploring phenomenology, functional impairment, and treatment utilization. J Clin Psychiatry 67:1877–1888

Gosling SD, Vazire S, Srivastava S, John OP (2004) Should we trust web-based studies? A comparative analysis of six preconceptions about internet questionnaires. Am Psychol 59:93–104

Wetterneck CT, Woods DW, Norberg MM, Begotka AM (2006) The social and economic impact of trichotillomania: results from two nonreferred samples. Behav Interv 21:97–109

Franklin ME, Flessner CA, Woods DW, Keuthen NJ, Piacentini JC, Moore P et al (2008) The child and adolescent trichotillomania impact project: descriptive psychopathology, comorbidity, functional impairment, and treatment utilization. J Dev Behav Pediatr 29:493–500

Chang S, Himle MB, Tucker BTP, Woods DW, Piacentini J (2009) Initial psychometric properties of a brief parent-report instrument for assessing tic severity in children with chronic tic disorders. Child Fam Behav Ther 31:181–191

Spence SH (1998) A measure of anxiety symptoms among children. Behav Res Ther 36:545–566

Muris P, Merckelbach H, Schmidt H, Gadet B, Bogie N (2001) Anxiety and depression as correlates of self-reported behavioural inhibition in normal adolescents. Behav Res Ther 39:1051–1061

Nauta MH, Scholing A, Rapee RM, Abbott M, Spence SH, Waters A (2004) A parent-report measure of children’s anxiety: psychometric properties and comparision with child-report in a clinic and normal sample. Behav Res Ther 42:813–839

Spence SH (1999) Spence children’s anxiety scale (parent version). University of Queensland, Brisbane

Angold A, Costello EJ, Messer SC (1995) Development of a short questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies of depression in children and adolescents. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 5:237–249

Donenberg G, Baker BL (1993) The impact of young children with externalizing behaviors on their families. J Abnorm Child Psychol 21:179–198

Eisenhower AS, Baker BL, Blacher J (2005) Preschool children with intellectual disability: syndrome specificity, behavior problems, and maternal well-being. J Intellect Disabil Res 49:657–671

Chan KS, Mangione-Smith R, Burwinkle TM, Rosen M, Varni JW (2005) Reliability and validity of the short-form generic core scales and asthma module. Med Care 43:256–265

Whiteside SP, Brown AM (2008) Exploring the utility of the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scales parent- and child-report forms in a North American sample. J Anxiety Disord 22:1440–1446

Blacher J, McIntyre LL (2006) Syndrome specificity and behavioural disorders in young adults with intellectual disability: cultural differences in family impact. J Intellect Disabil Res 50:184–198

Woods DW, Koch M, Miltenberger RG (2003) The impact of tic severity on the effects of peer education about Tourette’s syndrome. J Dev Phys Disabil 15:67–78