Khám Phá Nhận Thức Về Rủi Ro Ung Thư, Rủi Ro Môi Trường Xung Quanh, và Hành Vi Sức Khỏe Của Người Da Đen

Journal of Community Health - Tập 40 - Trang 419-430 - 2014
LaShanta J. Rice1, Heather M. Brandt2, James W. Hardin3, Lucy Annang Ingram4, Sacoby M. Wilson5
1Hollings Cancer Center, Center for Population Health and Outcomes, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
2Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
4Department of Health Promotion Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
5Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, 2234 School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, USA

Tóm tắt

Nhận thức về rủi ro ung thư và mối lo âu về ung thư bị ảnh hưởng bởi chủng tộc/đạo đức, cùng với các yếu tố xã hội, kinh tế và môi trường, và những yếu tố này lại ảnh hưởng đến quyết định sức khỏe. Có rất ít nghiên cứu đã khám phá nhận thức về rủi ro và lo âu trong các khu vực đô thị với những điều kiện môi trường khác nhau và kết quả ung thư không đều. Nghiên cứu này đã xem xét nhận thức về rủi ro ung thư, rủi ro sức khỏe môi trường khu dân cư và các hành vi sức khỏe giảm thiểu rủi ro trong cộng đồng người Da Đen. Một khảo sát gồm 59 câu hỏi đã được thực hiện đối với những người tham gia tại khu vực đô thị Charleston, South Carolina từ tháng 3 đến tháng 9 năm 2013. Một mẫu thuận tiện của nam và nữ được tuyển chọn tại các địa điểm địa phương và sự kiện cộng đồng. Các thống kê mô tả, phân tích hai biến (kiểm định Chi bình phương), và các mô hình hồi quy logistic đã được ước lượng bằng phần mềm SAS 9.3. 405 người tham gia (N = 405) đều là người Da Đen, 81% là nữ (n = 323), và độ tuổi dao động từ 18 đến 87 (M = 49.55, SD = 15.27). Hầu hết người tham gia báo cáo nhận thức về rủi ro ung thư thấp hơn (37%) và liên kết niềm tin của họ về ung thư với những trải nghiệm trực tiếp hoặc gián tiếp (tức là cá nhân hoặc gia đình). Rủi ro ung thư được cảm nhận thấp (rủi ro tuyệt đối) có mối liên hệ đáng kể (p < .05) với việc không tiêu thụ rượu, có xét nghiệm sàng lọc ung thư ruột kết, là nữ, và ở độ tuổi 25–44 hoặc 45–64. Mối lo âu về ung thư có liên hệ đáng kể (p < .05) với việc là người hút thuốc hiện tại, có chế độ ăn “khá”, không tiêu thụ rượu, và có bất kỳ bài kiểm tra sàng lọc ung thư ruột kết nào. Nhận thức về rủi ro ung thư là một chỉ số quan trọng của hành vi sức khỏe trong cộng đồng người Da Đen. Những trải nghiệm trực tiếp hoặc gián tiếp với ung thư và/hoặc môi trường và nhận thức về lịch sử gia đình có ung thư có thể giải thích nhận thức về rủi ro ung thư.

Từ khóa

#rủi ro ung thư; hành vi sức khỏe; người Da Đen; môi trường; lo âu về ung thư

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