Explaining Collaboration and Commitment in Danish Non-Profit Organizations: Linking Institutional Environments to Outcomes
Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations - Tập 26 - Trang 1639-1665 - 2015
Tóm tắt
The aim of this paper is to shed light on the characteristics and impact of different institutional environments in non-profit welfare provision in Denmark. Based on an analytical framework inspired by the policy fields approach (Stone and Sandfort 2009), the paper argues that to understand the non-profit sector, it is necessary to take a closer look at the differences and similarities not only across welfare fields, but also across non-profit providers and their public counterparts within the same field. Based on data from case studies on primary schools and nursing homes in two Danish municipalities, a number of explanatory factors are identified and analyzed: Regulative rules, funding issues, norms and expectations, and the degree of competition. Results show important differences in the institutional environment of the two welfare fields, and that these differences have an actual impact on outcomes: Both collaborative activities of welfare providers and organizational commitment among leaders, employees, and users are highly influenced by characteristics of the institutional environment. It is argued that the applied analytical framework can help understand and explain the large variations in non-profit welfare provision across fields, within countries.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Alber, J. (2010). What the European and American Welfare States have in common and where they differ: facts and fiction in comparisons of the European Social Model and the United States. Journal of European Social Policy, 20(2), 102–125.
Andersen, J. G. (2008). Welfare state transformations in an affluent Scandinavian state: The case of Denmark. In M. Seeleib-Kaiser (Ed.), Welfare state transformations. comparative perspective. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Andersen, J. G. (2012). The Concept of Universalism and its Operationalisation in a Mixed Economy of Welfare. CCWS Working Paper. Aalborg, Centre for Comparative Welfare Studies, Institut for Økonomi, Politik og Forvaltning, Aalborg Universitet. 81.
Anheier, H. K. (2009). What kind of nonprofit sector? what kind of society? American Behavioral Scientist, 52(7), 1082–1094.
Arnold, J. (2005). Work psychology: Understanding human behaviour in the workplace (4th ed.). London: Prentice Hall Financial Times.
Baldersheim, H., & Rose, L. E. (Eds.). (2010). Territorial choice: The politics of boundaries and borders. London: Palgrave MacMillan.
Bhaskar, R. (1975). A realist theory of science. London and New York: VERSO.
Bogason, P. (2001). Forvaltning og stat. Systime: Aarhus.
Boje, T. (2011). Active citizenship, participation and governance. In M. Potůček & T. P. Boje (Eds.), Social rights, active citizenship and governance in the european union. Baden Baden: Nomos.
Deephouse, D. L., & Suchman, M. (2008). Legitimacy in organizational institutionalism. In R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, K. Sahlin, & R. Suddaby (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of organizational institutionalism. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
Dølvik, J. E., et al. (2015). The Nordic model towards 2030. A new chapter? Fafo Report.
Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). The three worlds of welfare capitalism. Cambridge: Polity.
Evers, A. (2005). Mixed welfare systems and hybrid organizations: Changes in the governance and provision of social services. International Journal of Public Administration, 28(9–10), 737–748.
Feilberg, S. & A. M. Hovgaard (2012). Kommunernes skolestruktur - Analyse af udviklingen 2004-2011. Aarhus.
Feltenius, D. (2014). Sollentuna kommun: Arbetsrapport inom ramen för projektet “Outsourcing of Scandinavian welfare societies? Consequences of private and nonprofit service provision for active citizenship”. Umeå, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, Umeå Universitet.
Galaskiewicz, J., & Bielefeld, W. (1998). Nonprofit organizations in an age of uncertainty. New York, Aldine de Gruyter: A study of Organizational Change.
Garrow, E. E., & Hasenfeld, Y. (2014). Institutional logics, moral frames and advocacy among nonprofit human-service organizations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 43(1), 80–98.
Gerring, J. (2007). Case study research: Principles and practices. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Gidron, B., et al. (1992). Government and the third sector. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Hansen, H., & Henriksen, C.S. (2001). Selvejende institutioner på det sociale område: Aktuelle problemstillinger. København.
Hardy, C., & Maguire, S. (2008). Institutional Entrepreneurship. In R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, K. Sahlin, & R. Suddaby (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of organizational institutionalism (pp. 198–217). London: SAGE Publications.
Henriksen, L. S., & Bundesen, P. (2004). The moving frontier in Denmark: Voluntary-state relationships since 1850. Journal of Social Policy, 33(4), 605–625.
Henriksen, L. S., et al. (2012). At the eve of convergence? transformations of social service provision in Denmark, Germany and the United States. Voluntas, 23(2), 458–501.
Hvinden, B. H., & Johansson, H. (Eds.). (2007). Citizenship in Nordic welfare states. Dynamics of choice, duties and participation in a changing Europe. London: Routledge.
Ibsen, B., & Habermann U., (2006). De selvejende institutioner. Frivillighed og nonprofit i Danmark - Omfang, organisation, økonomi og beskæftigelse. T. P. Boje and B. Ibsen. København, Socialforskningsinstituttet.
Ibsen, B., & Habermann, U., (2005). Definition af den frivillige sektor i Danmark. Temahæfte, Frivillighedsundersøgelsen - En kortlægning af den friviillige sektor i Danmark.
Jacobsen, C. B., et al. (2014). Command and motivation: How the perception of external interventions relates to intrinsic motivation and public service motivation. Public Administration, 92(4), 790–806.
Jones, B., & Bull, A. C. (2006). Governance through civil society? An Anglo-Italian comparison of democratic renewal and local regeneration. Journal of Civil Society, 2(2), 89–110.
Kersting, N., & Vetter, A. (Eds.). (2003). Reforming local governments in Europe. Opladen: Leske + Budrik.
Kvist, J., & Greve, B. (2011). Has the Nordic welfare model been transformed. Social Policy & Administration, 45(2), 146–160.
Maxwell, J. A. (2010). Realism as a stance for mixed methods research. In A. Tashakkori & C. Teddlie (Eds.), Mixed methods in social and behavioral science (pp. 145–167). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Peters, B. G. (2011). Steering, rowing, drifting or sinking? Changing patterns of governance. Urban Research & Practice, 4(1), 5–12.
Petersen, O. H., & Hjelmar, H. (2014). Marketization of welfare services in Scandinavia: A review of Swedish and Danish experiences. Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration, 17(4), 3–20.
Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. R. (1978). The external control of organizations. New York: Harper & Row.
Powell, M. A. (2007). Understanding the mixed economy of welfare. Bristol: Policy Press.
Produktivitetskommissionen (2014). Offentlig-privat samspil. København. Analyserapport 6.
Ramböll. (2011). Slurrapport: Undersøgelse af selvejende daginstitutioners vilkår og rammebetingelser. København: Socialministeriet.
Ramböll. (2012). Evaluering af lov om friplejeboliger. Ministeriet for By, Bolig og Landdistrikter.
Salamon, L. M., & Anheier, H. K. (1996). Social origins of civil society: Explaining the nonprofit sector cross-nationally. Working Papers of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University, Institute for Policy Studies. 22.
Scott, W. R. (2001). Institutions and organizations. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Seeleib-Kaiser, M. (Ed.). (2008). Welfare state transformations. comparative perspectives. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Segaard, S. B. (Forthcoming). Skole og eldreomsorg i Skandinavia. Nasjonale føringer for ikke-offentlige aktører. Oslo. 2015: xx.
Sivesind, K. H. (2007). Structured, qualitative comparison: between singularity and single-dimensionality. In S. Sarantakos (Ed.), Data analysis. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
Sivesind, K. H., & Selle, P. (2010). Civil society in the nordic countries: between displacement and vitality. In R. Alapuro & H. Stenius (Eds.), Nordic associations in a European perspective (pp. 89–120). Baden-Baden: Nomos.
Smith, S. R., & Grønbjerg, K. (2006). Scope and theory of government-nonprofit relations. In W. Powell & R. Steinberg (Eds.), The nonprofit sector. A research handbook (pp. 221–242). London & New Haven: Yale University Press.
Smith, S. R. (2010). Hybridization and nonprofit organizations: The governance challenge. Policy and Society, 29, 219–229.
Stake, R. E. (1995). The art of case study research. SAGE: Thousand Oaks.
Statistics Denmark: www.statistikbanken.dk (U1907, KVOTIEN, PASS22 + requested tables).
Stone, M. M., & Sandfort, J. R. (2009). Building a policy fields framework to inform research on nonprofit organizations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 38(6), 1054–1075.
Thøgersen, M. (2012). Institutionelle omgivelser og foreningslivet. Kommunalreformens betydning for samspillet mellem kommuner og frivillige foreninger. Odense, Syddansk Universitetsforlag.
Thøgersen, M. (2013). Selvejende institutioner i Danmark. Institutionernes udvikling, udbredelse og karakter på udvalgte samfundsområder. Arbejdsnotat Netværk for forskning i Civilsamfund og Frivillighed. www.cifri.fk. 1.
Thøgersen, M. (2015). Offentlige og frivillige velfærdsudbydere og aktivt medborgerskab. En analyse af plejehjems- og skoleområdet i to udvalgte kommuner. Arbejdsnotat, Netværk for forskning i civilsamfund og frivillighed. www.cifri.dk. 02:2015.
Thornton, P. H., et al. (2012). The institutional logics perspective: A new approach to culture, structure and process oxford. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Trætteberg, H. D. (2014). Aktivt medborgerskap i skoler og sykehjem i Asker kommune. En sammenligning av kommunal, profittorientert og ideell drift. Oslo, Institutt for Samfunnsforskning.
Act on nursing homes and sheltered housing (BEK nr 1324 af 10/12/2014)
Danish constitution (LOV nr 169 af 05/06/1953)
Law of independent and private schools (LBK nr 917 af 13/08/2014)
Law of free nursing homes (LBK nr 897 af 17/08/2011)
Law of public schools (LBK nr 665 af 20/06/2014)
Law of school boards (BEK nr 28 af 14/01/2014)
The social service act (LBK nr 150 af 16/02/2015)