Experimental study on growth and spread of dispersed particle-laden plume in a linearly stratified environment
Tóm tắt
We present results of laboratory experiments conducted to study the evolution, growth, and spreading rate of a dispersed particle-laden plume produced by a constant inflow into a density varying environment. Particles having mean size,
$$d_p=100\ \upmu $$
m, density
$$\rho _p=2500 \ {\text{ kg/m}}^3$$
, volume fraction,
$$\phi _v =$$
0–0.7 % , were injected along with the lighter buoyant fluid into a linearly stratified medium. It was observed that a particle-laden plume intruding at the neutral density layer is characterized by four spreading regimes: (i) radial momentum flux balanced by the inertia force; (ii) inertia buoyancy regime; (iii) fluid-particle inertia regime, and (iv) viscous buoyancy regime. Regimes (i), (ii), and (iv) are similar to that of a single-phase plume, for which
$$\phi _v = 0\,\%$$
. The maximum height,
$$Z_m$$
, for
$$\phi _v > 0\,\%$$
was observed to be consistently lower than the single-phase case. An empirical parameterization was developed for the maximum height for particle-laden case, and was found to be in very good agreement with the experimental data. In the inertia buoyancy regime, the radial spread of the plume,
$$R_f$$
, for
$$\phi _v > 0\,\%$$
, advanced in time as
$$R_f \propto t^{0.68 \pm 0.02}$$
which is slower compared to the single-phase plume that propagates at
$$R_f \propto t^{0.74 \pm 0.02}$$
. Due to the presence of particles, ‘particle fall out’ effect occurs, which along with the formation of a secondary umbrella region inhibits the spreading rate and results in slower propagation of the particle-laden plume. The effect of particles on spreading height of plume,
$$Z_s$$
, and thickness of the plume,
$$h_p$$
, were also studied, and these results were compared with the single-phase case. Overall from these experiments, it was found that the evolution, growth, and spread of dispersed particle-laden plume is very different from that of the single-phase plume, and presence of low concentration of particles (
$$ \phi _v < 1\,\%$$
) could have significant effects on the plume dynamics.
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