Experimental protocols for the study of battered stone anvils from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania)

Adams, 2009, Functional analysis of macro-lithic artefacts: a focus on working surfaces, 43 Benito-Calvo, 2011, Analysis of orientation patterns in Olduvai Bed I assemblages using GIS techniques: implications for site formation processes, Journal of Human Evolution, 61, 50, 10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.02.011 Bird, 2007, Edge damage distribution at the assemblage level on Middle Stone Age lithics: an image-based GIS approach, Journal of Archaeological Science, 34, 771, 10.1016/j.jas.2006.08.005 Blumenschine, 1995, Percussion marks, tooth marks, and experimental determinations of the timing of hominid and carnivore access to long bones at FLK Zinjanthropus, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, Journal of Human Evolution, 29, 21, 10.1006/jhev.1995.1046 Bril, 2012, Functional mastery of percussive technology in nut-cracking and stone-flaking actions: experimental comparison and implications for the evolution of the human brain, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B 367, 59, 10.1098/rstb.2011.0147 Carmody, 2009, The energetic significance of cooking, Journal of Human Evolution, 57, 379, 10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.02.011 Chavaillon, 1979, Essai pour une typologie du matériel de percussion, Bulletin de la Societé Préhistorique Française, 76, 230, 10.3406/bspf.1979.5213 2004 Cooper, 1961, Aboriginal hammer-stones of South Australia, Records of the South Australian Museum, 14, 1 de Beaune, 2000 de Beaune, 2004, The invention of technology: prehistory and Cognition, Current Anthropology, 45, 139, 10.1086/381045 de la Torre, 2005 de la Torre, 2010, A technological analysis of non-flaked stone tools in Olduvai Beds I & II. Stressing the relevance of percussion activities in the African Lower Pleistocene, 13 Diez-Martín, 2009, Were Olduvai Hominins making butchering tools or battering tools? Analysis of a recently excavated lithic assemblage from BK (Bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania), Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 28, 274, 10.1016/j.jaa.2009.03.001 Goren-Inbar, 2002, Nuts, nut cracking, and pitted stones at Gesher Benot Yáaqov, Israel, PNAS, 99, 2455, 10.1073/pnas.032570499 Haslam, 2009, Primate archaeology, Nature, 460, 339, 10.1038/nature08188 Hay, 1976 Inizan, 1995 Jones, 1994, Results of experimental work in relation to the stone industries of Olduvai Gorge, vol. 5, 254 Keeley, 1980 Keeley, 1981, Microwear polishes on early stone tools from Koobi Fora, Kenya, Nature, 293, 464, 10.1038/293464a0 Kimura, 2002, Examining time trends in the Oldowan technology at Beds I and II, Olduvai Gorge, Journal of Human Evolution, 43, 291, 10.1006/jhev.2002.0576 Koya, 2005, Mathematical Modelling of palm nut cracking based on Hertz's Theory, Biosystems Engineering, 91, 471, 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2005.05.011 Kyara, O.A., 1999. Lithic Raw Materials and Their Implications on Assemblage Variation and Hominid Behavior During Bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. New Brunswick: Unpublished Ph.D. University of Rutgers. Leakey, 1971, Olduvai Gorge, vol. 3 Leakey, 1994, Olduvai Gorge, vol. 5 Lee, 1979 2011 McGarigal, 2002 Mercader, 2002, Excavation of a Chimpanzee Stone Tool Site in the African Rainforest, Science, 296, 1452, 10.1126/science.1070268 Mitchell, A., 2005. The ESRI Guide to GIS Analysis: Spatial Measurements and Statistics. Mora, 2005, Percussion tools in Olduvai Beds I and II (Tanzania): implications for early human activities, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 24, 179, 10.1016/j.jaa.2004.12.001 Peters, 1987, Nut-like oil seeds: food for monkeys, chimpanzees, humans, and probably ape-men, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 73, 333, 10.1002/ajpa.1330730306 Rots, 2010 Sussman, 1985, Microwear on quartz: fact or fiction?, World Archaeology, 17, 101, 10.1080/00438243.1985.9979953 Sussman, 1987, Résultats d'une étude de microtraces d'usure sur un échantillon d'artefacts d'Olduvai (Tanzanie), L'Anthropologie, 91, 375 Tallavaara, 2010, How flakes shatter: a critical evaluation of quartz fracture analysis, Journal of Archaeological Science, 37, 2442, 10.1016/j.jas.2010.05.005 Tringham, 1974, Experimentation in the formation of edge damage: a new approach to lithic analysis, Journal of Field Archaeology, 171, 10.1179/jfa.1974.1.1-2.171 Van Gijn, 2010 Visalberghi, 2007, Characteristics of hammer stones and anvils used by wild bearded Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus libidinosus) to crack open palm nuts, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 132, 426, 10.1002/ajpa.20546 Whittaker, 1994 Wright, 1994, Ground stone tools and hunter-gatherer subsistence in southwest Asia: implications for the transition to farming, American Antiquity, 59, 238, 10.2307/281929