Experimental and numerical investigation of a long-duration Thermal Response Test: Borehole Heat Exchanger behaviour and thermal plume in the heterogeneous rock mass

Al-Khoury, 2006, Efficient finite element formulation for geothermal heating systems. Part II: transient, Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 67, 725, 10.1002/nme.1662 Al-Khoury, 2005, Efficient finite element formulation for geothermal heating systems. Part I: steady-state, Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 63, 988, 10.1002/nme.1313 Beier, 2013, Borehole resistance and vertical temperature profiles in coaxial borehole heat exchangers, Appl. Energy, 102, 665, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.08.007 Blum, 2011, Techno-economic and spatial analysis of vertical ground source heat pump systems in Germany, Energy, 36, 3002, 10.1016/j.energy.2011.02.044 Cerfontaine, 2016, Formulation of a 1D finite element of heat exchanger for accurate modelling of the grouting behaviour: application to cyclic thermal loading, Renew. Energy, 96, 65, 10.1016/j.renene.2016.04.034 Charlier, 2001, Numerical modelling of coupled transient phenomena, Revue Française de Génie Civil, 5, 719, 10.1080/12795119.2001.9692324 Choi, 2016, Effect of disturbance on thermal response test, part 2: Numerical study of applicability and limitation of infinite line source model for interpretation under disturbance from outdoor environment, Renew. Energy, 85, 1090, 10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.049 Collin, 2002, Thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling in clay barriers, Eng. Geol., 64, 179, 10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00124-7 Delaleux, 2012, Enhancement of geothermal borehole heat exchangers performances by improvement of bentonite grouts conductivity, Appl. Therm. Eng., 33–34, 92, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.09.017 Diao, 2004, Heat transfer in ground heat exchangers with groundwater advection, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 43, 1203, 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2004.04.009 Eppelbaum, 2014, 10.1007/978-3-642-34023-9 Erol, 2014, Efficiency of various grouting materials for borehole heat exchangers, Appl. Therm. Eng., 70, 788, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.05.034 Erol, 2015, Analytical solution of discontinuous heat extraction for sustainability and recovery aspects of borehole heat exchangers, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 88, 47, 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2014.09.007 Eskilson, 1987 Gnielinski, 1976, New equations for heat and mass transer in turbulent pipe and channel flow, Int. J. Chem. Eng., 16, 359 Hellström, 1991 Hermans, 2014, Geophysical methods for monitoring temperature changes in shallow low enthalpy geothermal systems, Energies, 7, 5083, 10.3390/en7085083 Li, 2015, Review of analytical models for heat transfer by vertical ground heat exchangers (GHEs): A perspective of time and space scales, Appl. Energy, 151, 178, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.04.070 Loveridge, 2013, Thermal response testing through the Chalk aquifer in London, UK, Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng., 166, 197, 10.1680/geng.12.00037 Luo, 2016, A review of ground investigations for ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems, Energy Build., 117, 160, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.02.038 MIS 3005, 2008 Marcotte, 2008, On the estimation of thermal resistance in borehole thermal conductivity test, Renew. Energy, 33, 2407, 10.1016/j.renene.2008.01.021 Nguyen, D., Lanini, S., (2012). Projet Solargeotherm: modélisations numeériques de transferts thermiques dans le dispositif souterrain d’échange de chaleur. BRGM/RP-59697-FR, 91 p., 63 ill, 5 ann., don’t ann. 5 sur DVD. Ozudogru, 2015, Numerical modeling of vertical geothermal heat exchangers using finite difference and finite element techniques, Geotech. Geol. Eng., 33, 291, 10.1007/s10706-014-9822-z Philippe, 2009, Validity ranges of three analytical solutions to heat transfer in the vicinity of single boreholes, Geothermics, 38, 407, 10.1016/j.geothermics.2009.07.002 Popov, 1999, Characterization of rock thermal conductivity by high-resolution optical scanning, Geothermics, 28, 253, 10.1016/S0375-6505(99)00007-3 Radioti, 2013, Thermal response test in borehole heat exchangers equipped with fiber optics, 96 Radioti, 2015, Fiber-optic temperature profiles analysis for closed-loop geothermal systems: a case study Radioti, 2016, Heterogeneous bedrock investigation for a closed-loop geothermal system: a case study, Geothermics, 62, 79, 10.1016/j.geothermics.2016.03.001 Radioti, 2017, Effect of undisturbed ground temperature on the design of closed-loop geothermal systems: a case study in a semi-urban environment, Appl. Energy, 200, 89, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.070 Self, 2013, Geothermal heat pump systems: status review and comparison with other heating options, Appl. Energy, 101, 341, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.01.048 Singorelli, 2007, Numerical evaluation of thermal response tests, Geothermics, 36, 141, 10.1016/j.geothermics.2006.10.006 Smolarczyk, 2003, vol. 2 Spitler, 2015, Thermal response testing for ground source heat pump systems-An historical review, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 50, 1125, 10.1016/j.rser.2015.05.061 Yavuzturk, 1999, A short time step response factor model for vertical ground loop heat exchangers, ASHRAE Trans., 105, 475