Exorbitant mortality of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon smolts Salmo salar L., in the Meuse river system in the Netherlands

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 18 - Trang 97-109 - 2013
Niels Brevé1, Hendry Vis2, Igor Spierts3, Gerard de Laak1, Franklin Moquette1, André Breukelaar4
1Royal Dutch Angling Organization - Sportvisserij Nederland (abbr. SNL), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
2Fish Advice - VisAdvies BV, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
3ATKB, fish research, Geldermalsen, the Netherlands
4The implementing body of the Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, Rijkswaterstaat Waterdienst (abbr. RWS), Lelystad, the Netherlands

Tóm tắt

Stocking Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in the Meuse river system is unsuccessful, since hardly any adults return upstream. To investigate problems during seaward migration, individual salmon smolts were tracked in the Dutch part of the river Meuse, using the Nedap Trail® system. The study included a comparison for two seasons, one with high (2010) and one with low (2011) discharge conditions. Cultivated smolts (Loire-Allier strain, n = 100 per year) were implanted with telemetry tags and released in the tributary Roer in March, at the beginning of the natural smolt run. The study area was split into four river sections each characterized by different conditions: tributary Roer, main river Meuse extensively dammed, main river Meuse free flowing and the estuary. Mortalities differed considerably between sections. In the free flowing river Meuse the mortalities were relatively low (10 and 25 %). Mortalities were high in the tributary (44 and 45 %), the dammed river (46 and 49 %) and in the estuary (89 and 90 %). Only 2 and 3 % of the smolts escaped into the North Sea. Results are discussed in relation to environmental factors light and discharge and the presence of man-made obstacles: weirs, hydropower plants and a sea lock. A lack of current and delays at man-made obstacles result in disorientation of fish, a higher risk of predation and disturbance of the smolt run timing. Mortality causes must decrease for sustaining a salmon population in the Meuse.

Tài liệu tham khảo

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