Exogenous phytohormones and the induction of plant galls by insects

Linnea Bartlett1, Edward F. Connor1
1Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue,San Francisco, CA 94132, USA.

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Abrahamson WG, Weis AR (1997) Evolutionary ecology across three trophic levels: goldenrods, gallmakers, and natural enemies. Princeton University Press, Princeton

Barash I, Manulis-Sasson S (2007) Virulence mechanisms and host-specificity of gall forming Pantoea agglomerans. Trends Microbiol 15:538–545

Barash I, Manulis-Sasson S (2009) Recent evolution of bacterial pathogens: the gall-forming Pantoea agglomerans case. Annu Rev Phytopathol 47:133–152

Barnewall EC, De Clerck-Floate RA (2012) A preliminary histological investigation of gall induction in an unconventional galling system. Arthropod Plant Interact 6:449–459

Binns AN, Thomashow MF (1988) Cell biology of Agrobacterium infection and transformation of plants. Annu Rev Microbiol 42:575–606

Bird DM, Koltai H (2000) Plant parasitic nematodes: habitats, hormones, and horizontally acquired genes. J Plant Growth Regul 19:183–194

Bruce SA, Saville BJ, Emery RJN (2011) Ustilago maydis produces cytokinins and abscisic acid for potential regulation of tumor formation in maize. J Plant Growth Regul 30:51–63

Byers JA, Brewer JW, Denna DW (1976) Plant growth hormones in pinyon insect galls. Marcellia 39:125–134

Chen ZY, Agnew JL, Cohen JD, He P, Shan LB, Sheen J, Kunkel BN (2007) Pseudomonas syringae type III effector AvrRpt2 alters Arabidopsis thaliana auxin physiology. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:20131–20136

Cobbs C, Heath J, Stireman JO, Abbot P (2013) Carotenoids in unexpected places: gall midges, lateral gene transfer, and carotenoid biosynthesis in animals. Mol Phylogenet Evol 68:221–228

Connor EF, Bartlett L, O’Toole S, Byrd S, Biskar K, Orozco J (2012) The mechanism of gall induction makes galls red. Arthropod Plant Interact 6:489–495

Crespi M, Messens E, Caplan AB, van Montagu M, Desomer J (1992) Fasciation induction by the phytopathogen Rhodococcus fascians depends upon a linear plasmid encoding cytokinin synthase gene. RMBO J 11:795–804

De Bruyn L, Vandevyere I, Jaminé D, Prinsen E (1997) The effects of gall formation by Lipara lucens (Diptera, Chloropidae) on its host Phragmites australis (Poaceae). In Csoka G, Mattson WJ, Stone GN, Price PW (eds) The biology of gall-inducing arthropods. USDA For Serv Gen Technical Rep NC-199

Dorchin N, Hoffman JH, Stirk WA, Novak O, Strnad M, Van Staden J (2009) Sexually dimorphic gall structures correspond to differential phytohormone contents in male and female wasps. Physiol Entomol 34:359–369

Dreger-Jauffret F, Shorthouse JD (1992) Diversity of gall-inducing insects and their galls. In: Rohfritsch O (ed) Biology of insect-induced galls. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 8–33

Elzen GW (1983) Cytokinins and insect galls. Comp Biochem Physiol 76A:17–19

Erb M, Meldau S, Howe GA (2012) Role of phytohormones in insect-specific plant reactions. Trends Plant Sci 17:250–259

Frébort I, Kowalska M, Hluska T, Frébortová J, Galuszka P (2011) Evolution of cytokinin biosynthesis and degradation. J Exp Bot 62:2431–2452

Gagné R (1989) The plant-feeding gall midges of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca

Gajdošová S, Spíchal L, Kamínek K, Hoyerová K, Novák O, Dobrev P, Galuszka P, Klíma P, Gaudinová A, Žižková E, Hanuš J, Dančák M, Trávníček B, Pešek B, Krupička M, Vaňková R, Strnad M, Motyka V (2011) Distribution, biological activities, metabolism, and conceivable function of cis-zeatin-type cytokinins in plants. J Exp Bot 62:2287–2840

Galuszka P, Spíchal L, Kopečný D, Tarkowski P, Frébortová J, Šebela M, Frébort I (2008) Metabolism of plant hormones cytokinins and their function in signaling, cell differentiation and plant development. In: Rahman AU (ed) Studies in natural products chemistry, vol 34. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 203–264

Giron D, Frago E, Glevarec G, Pieterse CMJ, Dicke M (2013) Cytokinins as key regulators in plant–microbe–insect interactions: connecting plant growth and defence. Funct Ecol 27:599–609

Gisbert C, Trujillo-Moya C, Sanchez-Torres P, Sifres A, Sanchez-Castro E, Nuez F (2013) Resistance of pepper germplasm to Meloidogyne incognita. Ann Appl Biol 162:110–118

Goodner B, Hinkle G, Gattung S, Miller N, Blanchard M, Qurollo B, Goldman BS, Cao Y, Askenazi M, Halling C, Mullin L, Houmiel K, Gordon J, Vaudin M, Iartchouk O, Epp A, Liu F, Wollam C, Allinger M, Doughty D, Scott C, Lappas C, Markelz B, Flanagan C, Crowell C, Gurson J, Lomo C, Sear C, Strub G, Cielo C, Slater S (2001) Genome sequence of the plant pathogen and biotechnology agent Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58. Science 294:2323–2328

Gutierrez OA, Wubben MJ, Howard M, Roberts B, Hanlon E, Wilkerson JR (2009) The role of phytohormones ethylene and auxin in plant–nematode interactions. Russ J Plant Physiol 56:1–5

Harris KM (1975) The taxonomic status of the carob gall midge, Asphondylia gennadi (Marchal), comb. n. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), and of other Asphondylia species recorded from Cyprus. Bull Entomol Res 65:377–380

Hartley SE (1999) Are gall insects large rhizobia? Oikos 84:333–342

Heyl A, Riefler M, Romanov GA, Schmülling T (2012) Properties, functions, and evolution of cytokinin receptors. Eur J Cell Biol 91:246–256

Hori K (1992) Insect secretions and their effect on plant growth, with special reference to hemipterans. In: Shorthouse JD, Rohfritsch O (eds) Biology of insect-induced galls. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 157–170

Iacobellis NS, Sisto A, Surico G, Evidente A, DiMaio E (1994) Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi mutants defective in phytohormone production. J Phytopathol 140:238–248

Jacqmard A, Houssa C, Bernier G (1995) Abscisic acid antagonizes the effect of cytokinin on DNA-replication origins. J Exp Bot 46:663–666

Jameson P (2000) Cytokinins and auxins in plant pathogen interactions—an overview. Plant Growth Regul 32:369–380

Joshi MV, Loria R (2007) Streptomyces turgidiscabies possesses a functional cytokinin biosynthetic pathway and produces leafy galls. Mol Plant Microb Interact 20:751–758

Kaldewey H (1965) Wachstrumsregulatoren aus pflanzengallen und larven der gallenbewohner. Ber Dtsch Bot Gesell 78:73–84

Kamada-Nobusada T, Sakakibara H (2009) Molecular basis for cytokinin biosynthesis. Phytochemistry 70:444–449

Leatherdale D (1955) Plant hyperplasia induced with a cell-free insect extract. Nature 175:553–554

Leitch IJ (1994) Induction and development of the bean gall caused by Pontania proxima. In: Williams MAJ (ed) Plant galls: organisms, interactions, and populations. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp 283–300

Lichter A, Barash I, Valinsky L, Manulis-Sasson S (1995) The genes involved in cytokinin biosynthesis in Erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae: characterization and role in gall formation. J Bacteriol 177:4457–4465

Liu W, Parrott WA, Hildebrand DF, Collins GB, Williams EG (1990) Agrobacterium induced gall formation in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and formation of shoot-like structures expressing introduced genes. Plant Cell Rep 9:360–364

Loper JE, Kado CI (1979) Host range conferred by the virulence-specifying plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. J Bacteriol 139:591–596

Ludwig-Muller J, Prinsen E, Rolfe SA, Scholes JD (2009) Metabolism and plant hormone action during clubroot disease. J Plant Growth Regul 28:229–244

Madden JL, Stone C (1984) Induction and formation of pouch and emergence galls in Eucalyptus pulcehlla leaves. Aust J Bot 32:33–42

Mapes CC, Davies PJ (2001a) Cytokinins in the ball gall of Solidago altissima and the gall forming larvae of Eurosta solidaginis. New Phytol 151:203–212

Mapes CC, Davies PJ (2001b) Indole-3-acetic acid and ball gall development on Solidago altissima. New Phytol 151:195–202

McCalla DR, Genthe MK, Hovanitz W (1962) Chemical nature of an insect gall growth-factor. Plant Physiol 37:98–103

Mills RR (1969) Effect of plant and insect hormones on the formation of the goldenrod gall. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 31:487–491

Mockaitis K, Estelle M (2008) Auxin receptors and plant development: a new signaling paradigm. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 24:55–80

Moran NA (2007) Symbiosis as an adaptive process and source of phenotypic complexity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:8627–8633

Narendran TC, Santhosh S, Sudheer K (2007) Biosystematics and biogeography of oriental Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) associated with plant galls. Oriental Insects 41:141–167

Navarro L, Dunoyer P, Jay F, Arnold B, Dharmasrini N, Estelle M, Voinnet O, Jones JDG (2006) A plant miRNA contributes to antibacterial resistance by repressing auxin signaling. Science 312:436–439

Ohkawa M (1974) Isolation of zeatin from larvae of Drycocosmus kuriplilus Yasamatsu. HortScience 9:458–459

Ostojá-Starzewski JC (2009) Goji gall mite—Aceria kuko (Kishida). Food and Environment Research Agency. ( http://www.fera.defra.gov.uk/plants/publications/documents/factsheets/gojiGallMite.pdf ). Accessed 17 Feb 2014

Pascal-Avarado E, Cuevas-Reyes P, Quesada M, Oyama K (2008) Interactions between galling insects and leaf-feeding insects: the role of plant phenolic compounds and their possible interference with herbivores. J Tropical Ecol 24:329–336

Pelet F, Hildebrandt AC, Riker AJ, Skoog F (1960) Growth in vitro of tissues isolated from normal stems and insect galls. Am J Bot 47:186–195

Pertry I, Václavikova K, Depuydt S, Galuszka P, Spíchal L, Temmerman W, Stes E, Schmülling T, Kakimoto T, Van Montagu MCE, Strnad M, Holsters M, Tarkowski P, Vereecke D (2009) Identification of Rhodococcus fascians cytokinins and their modus operandi to reshape the plant. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:929–934

Pertry I, Václavikova K, Gemrotová M, Spíchal L, Galuszka P, Depuydt S, Temmerman W, Stes E, Keyser A, Riefler M, Biondi S, Novák O, Schmülling T, Strnad M, Tarkowski P, Holsters M, Vereecke D (2010) Rhodococcus fascians impacts plant development through the dynamic Fas-meditated production of a cytokinin mix. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 25:1164–1174

Plumb GH (1953) The formation and development of the Norway spruce gall caused by Adelges abietis L. Bull Conn Agric Exp Stn 566:1–77

Raman A (2011) Morphogenesis of insect-induced plant galls: facts and questions. Flora Morphol Distrib Funct Ecol Plants 206:517–533

Reineke G, Heinze B, Schirawski J, Buettner H, Kahmann R, Basse CW (2008) Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis in the smut fungus Ustilago maydis and its relevance for increased IAA levels in infected tissue and host tumour formation. Mol Plant Pathol 9:339–355

Sakakibara H, Kashara H, Ueda N, Kojima M, Takei K, Hishlyama S, Asami T, Okada K, Kamlya Y, Yamaya T, Yamaguchi S (2005) Agrobacterium tumefaciens increases cytokinin production in plastids by modifying the biosynthetic pathway in the host plant. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:9972–9977

Spaepen S, Vanderleyden J (2011) Auxin and plant–microbe interactions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2011(3):a001438

Spíchal L (2012) Cytokinins—recent news and views of evolutionally old molecules. Funct Plant Biol 39:267–284

Stirk WA, van Staden J (2010) Flow of cytokinins through the environment. Plant Growth Regul 62:101–116

Straka JR, Hayward AR, Emery RJN (2010) Gall-inducing Pachypsylla celtidis (Psyllidae) infiltrate hackberry trees with high concentrations of phytohormones. J Plant Interact 5:197–203

Tabur S, Öney S (2012) Comparison of cytogenetic antagonism between abscisic acid and plant growth regulators. Pak J Bot 44:1581–1586

Tanaka Y, Okada K, Asami T, Suzuki Y (2013) Phytohormones in Japanese mugwort gall induction by a gall-inducing gall midge. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 9:1942–1948

Tokuda M, Jikumaru Y, Matsukura K, Takebayashi Y, Kumashiro S, Matsumura M, Kamiya Y (2013) Phytohormones related to host plant manipulation by a gall-inducing leafhopper. PLoS ONE 8(4):e62350. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062350

Tomaszewska-Sowa M, Drodowska L, Szota M (2002) Effects of cytokinins on in vitro morphogenesis and ploidy of pepper Capsicum annuum L. Electron J Pol Agric Univ Agron 5(1):#4. http://www.ejpau.media.pl/volume5/issue1/agronomy/art-04.html

Tooker JF, De Moraes CM (2011) Feeding by a gall-inducing caterpillar species alters levels of indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid in Solidago altissima (Asteraceae) stems. Arthropod Plant Interact 5:115–124

Uechi N, Tokuda M, Yukawa J, Kawamura F, Teramoto KK, Karris KM (2003) Confirmation by DNA analysis that Contarinia maculipennis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is a polyphagous pest of orchids and other unrelated cultivated plants. Bull Entomol Res 93:545–551

van Staden J, Bennett PH (1991) Gall formation in crofton weed. Differences between normal stem tissue and gall tissue with respect to cytokinin levels and requirement for in vitro culture. S Afr J Bot 57:246–248

van Staden J, Davey JE (1978) Endogenous cytokinins in the laminae and galls of Erythrina altissima leaves. Bot Gaz 139:36–41

Vovlas N, Nico LL, De Luca F, De Giorgi C, Castillo P (2007) Diagnosis and molecular variability of an Argentinean population of Nacobbus aberrans with some observations on histopathology in tomato. J Nematol 39:17–26

Weis AE, Walton R, Crego CL (1988) Reactive plant tissue sites and the population biology of gall makers. Annu Rev Entomol 33:467–486

Wood BW, Payne JA (1988) Growth regulators in chestnut shoot galls infected with oriental chestnut gall wasp, Dyocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Environ Entomol 17:915–920

Wood DW, Setubal JC, Kaul R, Monks DE, Kitajima JP, Okura VK, Zhou Y, Chen L, Wood GE, Almeida NF, Woo L, Chen Y, Paulsen IT, Eisen JA, Karp PD, Bovee D, Chapman P, Clendenning J, Deatherage G, Gillet W, Grant C, Kutyavin T, Levy R, Li M, McClelland E, Palmieri A, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Wu Z, Romero P, Gordon D, Zhang S, Yoo H, Tao Y, Biddle P, Jung M, Krespan W, Perry M, Gordon-Kamm B, Liao L, Kim S, Hendrick C, Zhao Z, Dolan M, Chumley F, Tingey SV, Tomb J, Gordon MP, Olson MV, Nester EW (2001) The genome of the natural genetic engineer Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58. Science 294:2317–2323

Xu X, van Lammeren A, Vermeer E, Vreugdenhil D (1998) The role of gibberellin, abscisic acid, and sucrose in regulation of potato tuber formation in vitro. Plant Physiol 117:575–584

Yamaguchi H, Tanaka H, Hasegawa M, Tokuda M, Asami T, Suzuki Y (2012) Phytohormones and willow gall induction by a gall-inducing sawfly. New Phytol 196:586–595

Yang M, Zhang H, Li C, MA S (2010) Physiological responses of gall tissues on Ivy tree leaves induced by thrip. Acta Bot Yunnanica 32:339–346

Zhu J, Oger PM, Schrammeijer B, Hooykaas PJJ, Farrand SK, Winans SC (2000) The bases of crown gall tumorigenesis. J Bacteriol 182:3885–3895