Ứng dụng bên ngoài của các chất điều hòa sinh trưởng thực vật (PGRs) gây ra khả năng chịu lạnh ở giống ngô lai thời gian ngắn

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 24 - Trang 11459-11471 - 2017
Muhammad Ahmed Waqas1, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Javaid Akhter1, Mehmood Ali Noor2, Umair Ashraf3,4
1Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
2Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
3Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
4Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China

Tóm tắt

Stress lạnh làm cản trở hiệu suất tối ưu của ngô trong điều kiện thực field một cách nhanh chóng thông qua việc gây ra stress oxy hóa. Để chỉ ra những tác động gây hại của stress lạnh, nghiên cứu hiện tại nhằm điều tra tác động của một số chất điều hòa sinh trưởng thực vật tự nhiên và tổng hợp, tức là axit salicylic (SA), thiourea (TU), chiết xuất nước sorgo (SWE) và chiết xuất lá moringa (MLE) lên khả năng chịu stress lạnh ở giống ngô lai mùa thu. Việc phun foliar các chất điều hòa sinh trưởng tại nồng độ thấp đã được thực hiện ở giai đoạn sáu lá (V6) và giai đoạn ra hoa. Một sự gia tăng trong tỷ lệ tăng trưởng cây trồng (CGR), chỉ số diện tích lá (LAI), thời gian diện tích lá (LAD), chiều cao cây (PH), năng suất hạt (GY) và tổng tích lũy chất khô (TDM) đã được quan sát thấy ở các cây được áp dụng ngoại sinh so với đối chứng. Ngoài ra, các thông số chất lượng thuộc về physiobiochemical, niên vụ, và giá trị dinh dưỡng của hạt cũng được cải thiện trong các ô ngô được điều trị so với những ô không được điều trị. Các cây được điều trị bằng SA đã giảm 20% sự rò rỉ điện giải trong màng tế bào so với đối chứng. MLE và SA đã được chứng minh là tốt nhất trong việc cải thiện tổng hàm lượng phenolic, nước tương đối (19–23%), và hàm lượng chlorophyll giữa các ứng dụng khác. Một xu hướng tương tự được tìm thấy đối với tỷ lệ quang hợp và thoát hơi nước, trong khi MLE và SWE tốt hơn trong việc cải thiện CGR, LAI, LAD, TDM, PH, GY, hạt mỗi bắp, trọng lượng hạt 1000 và năng suất sinh học giữa tất cả các phương pháp điều trị bao gồm cả đối chứng. TU và MLE đã giảm đáng kể thời gian các sự kiện niên vụ của cây trồng ở giai đoạn sinh sản. MLE, TU và SA cũng cải thiện hàm lượng protein, dầu, và tinh bột của hạt so với đối chứng. Năng suất nước của cây trồng đã được cải thiện đáng kể ở các cây được điều trị bằng MLE. Phân tích kinh tế cho thấy rằng việc áp dụng MLE và SA là kinh tế hơn trong việc kích thích khả năng chịu stress lạnh dưới điều kiện thực field. Mặc dù hành vi kích thích của tất cả các chất điều hòa sinh trưởng đã cải thiện các thuộc tính morpho-physiological đối với các điều kiện stress nhiệt độ dưới mức tối ưu, MLE và SA đóng vai trò như những tác nhân dẫn đầu chứng minh là là những cách giải tỏa stress tốt hơn bằng cách cải thiện các thuộc tính physiobiochemical của cây và sự phát triển của ngô.

Từ khóa

#ngô #chịu lạnh #chất điều hòa sinh trưởng thực vật #axit salicylic #thiourea #chiết xuất lá moringa #năng suất nước cây trồng

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