Exercise-QTc is associated with diffuse interstitial fibrosis reflected by lower approximated T1 relaxation time in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients

Hansen, 2007, MRI of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: part I, MRI appearances, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 189, 1335, 10.2214/AJR.07.2286 Maron, 2003, Sudden death in young athletes, N Engl J Med, 349, 1064, 10.1056/NEJMra022783 American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice, 2011, 2011 ACCF/AHA guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 142, e153, 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.10.020 Kang, 2006, Cardiac hypertrophy: a risk factor for QT-prolongation and cardiac sudden death, Toxicol Pathol, 34, 58, 10.1080/01926230500419421 Lin, 2013, Electromechanical relationship in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, J Cardiovasc Transl Res, 6, 604, 10.1007/s12265-013-9481-0 Johnson, 2011, Prevalence and clinical correlates of QT prolongation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Eur Heart J, 32, 1114, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr021 Magnano, 2002, Autonomic nervous system influences on QT interval in normal subjects, J Am Coll Cardiol, 39, 1820, 10.1016/S0735-1097(02)01852-1 Antzelevitch, 2007, The role of spatial dispersion of repolarization in inherited and acquired sudden cardiac death syndromes, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 293, H2024, 10.1152/ajpheart.00355.2007 Schwartz, 2011, QTc behavior during exercise and genetic testing for the long-QT syndrome, Circulation, 124, 2181, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.062182 Varnava, 2001, Relation between myocyte disarray and outcome in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Am J Cardiol, 88, 275, 10.1016/S0002-9149(01)01640-X Karagueuzian, 2011, Targeting cardiac fibrosis: a new frontier in antiarrhythmic therapy?, Am J Cardiovasc Dis, 1, 101 Kellman, 2012, Cardiac imaging techniques for physicians: late enhancement, J Magn Reson Imaging, 36, 529, 10.1002/jmri.23605 Amano, 2009, Contrast-enhanced myocardial T1-weighted scout (Look–Locker) imaging for the detection of myocardial damages in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, J Magn Reson Imaging, 30, 778, 10.1002/jmri.21921 Sy, 2011, Derivation and validation of a simple exercise-based algorithm for prediction of genetic testing in relatives of LQTS Probands, Circulation, 124, 2187, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.028258 Simoons, 1975, Gradual changes of ECG waveform during and after exercise in normal subjects, Circulation, 52, 570, 10.1161/01.CIR.52.4.570 Gai, 2011, T1 mapping of the gadolinium-enhanced myocardium: adjustment for factors affecting interpatient comparison, Magn Reson Med, 65, 1407, 10.1002/mrm.22716 Abramochkin, 2014, Influence of mechanical stress on fibroblast–myocyte interactions in mammalian heart, J Mol Cell Cardiol, 70, 27, 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.12.020 Sanguinetti, 1990, Two components of cardiac delayed rectifier K+current. Differential sensitivity to block by class III antiarrhythmic agents, J Gen Physiol, 96, 195, 10.1085/jgp.96.1.195 Kass, 1982, The ionic basis of concentration-related effects of noradrenaline on the action potential of calf cardiac Purkinje fibres, J Physiol, 322, 541, 10.1113/jphysiol.1982.sp014054 Coppini, 2013, Late sodium current inhibition reverses electromechanical dysfunction in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Circulation, 127, 575, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.134932 Teekakirikul, 2010, Cardiac fibrosis in mice with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is mediated by non-myocyte proliferation and requires Tgf-beta, J Clin Invest, 120, 3520, 10.1172/JCI42028 Kim, 2007, Polony multiplex analysis of gene expression (PMAGE) in mouse hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Science, 316, 1481, 10.1126/science.1137325 Green, 2016, A small-molecule inhibitor of sarcomere contractility suppresses hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in mice, Science, 351, 617, 10.1126/science.aad3456 Ruwhof, 2000, Cyclic stretch induces the release of growth promoting factors from cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, Mol Cell Biochem, 208, 89, 10.1023/A:1007046105745 Frey, 2012, Mechanisms of disease: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Nat Rev Cardiol, 9, 91, 10.1038/nrcardio.2011.159 Shaw, 1997, Ionic mechanisms of propagation in cardiac tissue. Roles of the sodium and L-type calcium currents during reduced excitability and decreased gap junction coupling, Circ Res, 81, 727, 10.1161/01.RES.81.5.727 Kessler, 2015, Passive ventricular remodeling in cardiac disease: focus on heterogeneity, Front Physiol, 5, 482 Pozios, 2015, Comparison of outcomes in patients with nonobstructive, labile-obstructive, and chronically obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Am J Cardiol, 116, 938, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.06.018 Maron, 2015, The role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in sudden death risk stratification in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Card Electrophysiol Clin, 7, 187, 10.1016/j.ccep.2015.03.003 Moon, 2007, What is late gadolinium enhancement in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?, Rev Esp Cardiol, 60, 1, 10.1016/S0300-8932(07)74976-X Moravsky, 2013, Myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: accurate reflection of histopathological findings by CMR, JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 6, 587, 10.1016/j.jcmg.2012.09.018 Sibley, 2012, T1 mapping in cardiomyopathy at cardiac MR: comparison with endomyocardial biopsy, Radiology, 265, 724, 10.1148/radiol.12112721 Sarkar, 2011, Quantification of repolarization reserve to understand interpatient variability in the response to proarrhythmic drugs: a computational analysis, Heart Rhythm, 8, 1749, 10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.05.023 Varro, 2011, Cardiac ventricular repolarization reserve: a principle for understanding drug-related proarrhythmic risk, Br J Pharmacol, 164, 14, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01367.x Kellman, 2012, Extracellular volume fraction mapping in the myocardium, part 2: initial clinical experience, J Cardiovasc Magn Reson, 14, 64, 10.1186/1532-429X-14-64 Moon, 2013, Myocardial T1 mapping and extracellular volume quantification: a Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) and CMR Working Group of the European Society of Cardiology consensus statement, J Cardiovasc Magn Reson, 15, 10.1186/1532-429X-15-92