Examining the short and long-term impacts of child sexual abuse: a review study
Tóm tắt
Child sexual abuse is a growing problem, representing an egregious abuse of power, trust, and authority with far-reaching implications for the victims. This review study highlights the intricate psychological impacts of child sexual abuse, addressing both short and long-term consequences. Existing literature highlights the deep impacts on the victims’ psychological health and well-being, necessitating an in-depth examination of the subject. Drawing from a sample of n = 19 research articles selected through stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria and the PRISMA approach, this study synthesizes results from publications spanning 2010 to 2022. The review reveals various detrimental impacts on the victims’ psychological well-being, including short-term consequences, i.e., isolation, bullying, stress, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Long-term effects encompass PTSD in later life, disrupted intimate relationships, social and emotional health concerns, revictimization, and more. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the lack of a definitive number of impacts, highlighting the need to discuss and raise awareness about child sexual abuse. This increased awareness is important for parents, guardians, and responsible authorities to effectively counteract these crimes against children. Also, providing emotional support to victims is important to mitigate the long-term impacts. The researchers offer implications and discuss limitations, providing an extensive overview and foundation for future research and interventions.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Ali S (2019) Understanding paedophilia through different perspectives, 1st edn. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing
Ali S, Haykal HA, Youssef EYM (2021) Child sexual abuse and the internet—a systematic review. Human Arenas. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42087-021-00228-9
Ali S, Pasha SA (2022) A systematic review of the technology enabled child sexual abuse (OCSA) & its impacts. J Leg Ethical Regul Issues 25(5S):1–20
Batool S, Abtahi A (2017) Psychosocial impact of childhood sexual abuse: perspective of victims. J Arts Soc Sci 4(2):36–48
Beltran NP (2010) Long-term psychological consequences of child sexual abuse. Papeles Del Psicólogo 31(2):191–201
Chan KL, Yan E, Brownridge DA, Ip P (2013) Associating child sexual abuse with child victimization in China. J Paediatr 162(5):1028–1034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.10.054
DiLillo DK, Fortier MA, Perry AR (2014) Child abuse and neglect psychology. Department of Faculty Publications, Department of Child Abuse and Neglect. November 2005
Downing NR, Akinlotan M, Thornhill CW (2021) The impact of childhood sexual abuse and adverse childhood experiences on adult health-related quality of life. Child Abuse Negl 120(May):105181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105181
Fisher C, Goldsmith A, Hurcombe R, Soares C (2017) The impacts of child sexual abuse: a rapid evidence assessment. IICSA Research Team, USA
Fontes LFC, Conceição OC, Machado S (2017) Violência sexual na adolescência, perfil da vítima e impactos sobre a saúde mental. Ciencia E Saude Coletiva 22(9):2919–2928. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232017229.11042017
Gupta S, Garg S (2020) Causes and effects of child sexual abuse. Int J Innov Sci Res Technol 5(5):1867–1870. https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20may650
Habes M, Elareshi M, Ali S, Ziani A (2022) Analyzing the portrayals of child sexual abuse of Urdu newspapers in developing countries. Pertanika J Soc Sci Humanit 30(4). https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.30.4.03
Hodder L, Gow K (2012) The long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse. In: Individual trauma: recovering from deep wounds and exploring the potential for renewal, vol 11, pp 101–114. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199903000-00004
Ma Y (2018) Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse in China: a meta-analysis. J Child Sex Abuse 27(2):107–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2018.1425944
MacIntosh HB, Ménard AD (2021) Where are we now? A consolidation of the research on long-term impact of child sexual abuse. J Child Sex Abuse 30(3):253–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2021.1914261
Mathews B, Collin-Vézina D (2019) Child sexual abuse: toward a conceptual model and definition. Trauma Violence Abuse 20(2):131–148. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838017738726
Middleton W, Sachs A, Dorahy MJ (2017) The abused and the abuser: victim–perpetrator dynamics. J Trauma Dissociation 18(3):249–258. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2017.1295373
National Sexual Violence Resource Center (2011) Overview: what is child sexual abuse?
Page MJ, McKenzie JE (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews. Full Text. https://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13643-021-01626-4
Papalia N, Mann E, Ogloff JRP (2021) Child sexual abuse and risk of revictimization: impact of child demographics, sexual abuse characteristics, and psychiatric disorders. Child Maltreat 26(1):74–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559520932665
Pérez-Fuentes G, Olfson M, Villegas L, Morcillo C, Wang S, Blanco C (2013) Prevalence and correlates of child sexual abuse: a national study. Compr Psychiatry 54(1):16–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.05.010
Petersen AC, Joseph J, Feit M (2014) New directions in child abuse and neglect research. New Directions Child Abuse Neglect Res. https://doi.org/10.17226/18331
Pratiwi AA, Asyary A (2017) The impact of child sexual abuse. J Ultimate Public Health 1(1):13–17. https://doi.org/10.22236/jump-health.v1.i1.p13-17
Pulverman CS, Kilimnik CD, Meston CM (2018) The impact of childhood sexual abuse on women’s sexual health: a comprehensive review. Sexual Med Rev 6(2):188–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.12.002
Rahnavardi M, Shahali S, Montazeri A, Ahmadi F (2022) Health care providers’ responses to sexually abused children and adolescents: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res 22(1):441. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-07814-9
Sawyerr A, Bagley C (2017) Child sexual abuse and adolescent and adult adjustment: a review of British and world evidence, with implications for social work, and mental health and school counselling. Adva Appl Soc 7(1):Article 1. https://doi.org/10.4236/aasoci.2017.71001
Schreier A, Pogue JK, Hansen DJ (2017) Impact of child sexual abuse on non-abused siblings: a review with implications for research and practice. Aggress Violent Behav 34:254–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2016.11.011
Selengia V, Thuy HNT, Mushi D (2020) Prevalence and patterns of child sexual abuse in selected countries of Asia and Africa: a review of literature. Open J Social Sci 08(09):146–160. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2020.89010
Simuforosa M (2015) Factors contributing to child sexual abuse: an ecological analysis. Int J Curr Res 7(6). http://www.journalcra.com
Tenbergen G, Wittfoth M, Frieling H, Ponseti J, Walter M, Walter H, Beier KM, Schiffer B, Kruger THC (2015) The neurobiology and psychology of pedophilia: recent advances and challenges. Front Human Neurosci 9(June). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00344
Tener D, Marmor A, Katz C, Newman A, Silovsky JF, Shields J, Taylor E (2020). Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier connect, the company’s public news and information.
Townsend C (2013) Prevalence and consequences of child sexual abuse compared with other childhood experiences. Darkness to Light, pp 1–19
UNICEF (2020a) Sexual violence against children. UNICEF. https://www.unicef.org/protection/sexual-violence-against-children
UNICEF (2020b) Sexual violence against children. UNICEF
Vaillancourt-Morel M-P, Godbout N, Bédard MG, Charest É, Briere J, Sabourin S (2016) Emotional and sexual correlates of child sexual abuse as a function of self-definition status. Child Maltreat 21(3):228–238. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559516656069
Wagenmans A, Van Minnen A, Sleijpen M, De Jongh A (2018) El impacto del abuso sexual infantil en los resultados del tratamiento intensivo centrado en el trauma para el TEPT. Eur J Psychotraumatology 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2018.1430962
Young Women’s Christian Association (2017) Child Sexual Abuse Facts. https://ywcaweekwithoutviolence.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/20190809-WWV19-CSAFactSheet-1.pdf