Mô Hình Da Lợn Ex-Vivo Để Ước Tính Rủi Ro Bỏng Cho Người Bị Kẹt Trong Môi Trường Cháy Trước Và Sau Khi Dập Lửa

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 55 - Trang 2465-2489 - 2019
Nicholas Traina1,2, Richard M. Kesler1, Steve Kerber3, Robin Zevotek3, Tonghun Lee2, Gavin P. Horn1,2
1Illinois Fire Service Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, MC-675, Champaign, USA
2Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
3UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., Columbia, USA

Tóm tắt

Hiện nay có nhiều câu hỏi quan trọng trong ngành cứu hỏa về hiệu quả của các phương pháp tấn công hỏa hoạn khác nhau, cả về khả năng dập lửa nhanh chóng và khả năng ảnh hưởng đến rủi ro bỏng cho những người bị kẹt trong cấu trúc. Một loạt 24 thí nghiệm cháy thực tế quy mô lớn đã được thực hiện để khảo sát ảnh hưởng của kích thước đám cháy và khả năng phun nước của lực lượng cứu hỏa (tấn công từ trong nhà so với tấn công từ ngoài vào trong) đối với rủi ro tương đối gây bỏng cho da ở những người bị kẹt. Một công cụ đánh giá tổn thương da mới đã được phát triển sử dụng mẫu da lợn ex vivo cho phép đo nhiệt độ ở bề mặt da lợn và ở giao diện mỡ dưới da. Công cụ này cho phép, lần đầu tiên, ghi nhận rằng các phương pháp tấn công hỏa hoạn thông thường đã dẫn đến sự tăng đột biến tạm thời về nhiệt độ bề mặt da cho một người giả định bên ngoài phòng cháy, thường là khoảng 5°C nhưng dao động từ 0°C đến 15°C trong trường hợp can thiệp cứu hỏa nhanh chóng. Những khác biệt tối thiểu đã được quan sát giữa tác động của các tia nước từ trong nhà hoặc ngoài trời ngay lập tức bên ngoài phòng cháy. Tuy nhiên, những giá trị này đã thấp hơn rõ rệt so với khi việc phun nước bị trì hoãn. Công cụ mới này cung cấp thông tin mới về rủi ro bỏng da cho những người bị kẹt, bổ sung cho các công cụ đo lường hỏa hoạn truyền thống và có thể cung cấp một nền tảng cho nghiên cứu trong tương lai về tác động của quần áo cũng như diễn giải dữ liệu thí nghiệm dựa trên mô hình, giúp phản ánh chính xác hơn về sinh lý học liên quan.

Từ khóa

#bỏng da #cứu hỏa #tấn công hỏa hoạn #mô hình da lợn #nghiên cứu hỏa hoạn

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