Sự tiến hóa của tác động nhân tạo tại cảng Augusta (Đông Sicilia, Italia) trong những thập kỷ qua: foraminifera bề mặt như chỉ số của trạng thái môi trường

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 23 - Trang 10514-10528 - 2015
Elena Romano1, Luisa Bergamin1, Antonella Ausili1, Maria Celia Magno1, Massimo Gabellini1
1ISPRA—Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy

Tóm tắt

Nghiên cứu về foraminifera bề mặt trong các mẫu lõi trầm tích cung cấp cơ hội để nhận diện những thay đổi môi trường, bao gồm cả những thay đổi do tác động của con người. Việc tích hợp dữ liệu này với các thông số hóa lý cung cấp một đánh giá toàn diện về chất lượng. Nghiên cứu này được áp dụng cho một mẫu lõi trầm tích thu thập tại vịnh Augusta, nơi có một cảng thương mại và quân sự rất lớn cũng như một trong những khu vực hóa dầu lớn nhất ở châu Âu. Trong khu vực hóa dầu này, từ năm 1958 đến 2003, cũng đã hoạt động một nhà máy clo-kiềm sử dụng công nghệ tế bào thủy ngân, gây ra ô nhiễm nhân tạo cho các khu vực đất và biển xung quanh. Mẫu lõi trầm tích được thu thập trước nhà máy này và được đặc trưng theo kích thước hạt và các chất ô nhiễm liên quan trực tiếp đến hoạt động clo-kiềm, chẳng hạn như thủy ngân (Hg), bari (Ba), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), và hydrocarbon thơm đa vòng (PAHs). Thành phần của các tập hợp foraminifera và các thông số động vật như đa dạng đặc biệt, mật độ động vật, sự phong phú của các mẫu vật bất thường và kích thước foraminiferal đã được nghiên cứu như những chỉ số tiềm năng của trạng thái môi trường. Phân tích thống kê chỉ ra một nguồn gốc chung chủ yếu cho Hg, Ba, và PCBs cũng như ảnh hưởng của các chất ô nhiễm lên sự phân bố loài và đa dạng cũng như mật độ động vật. Nồng độ Hg bất thường cao (63–680 mg/kg d.w.) đã được ghi nhận trong toàn bộ lõi, nơi mà nghiên cứu địa chất học ghi nhận các mức độ ô nhiễm cao nhất thuộc về giai đoạn hoạt động tối đa của nhà máy clo-kiềm, trong khi một sự giảm ô nhiễm đã được ghi nhận sau khi dừng hoạt động. Các tập hợp foraminiferal khác nhau xác định những vùng sinh thái khác nhau dọc theo mẫu lõi, cho thấy sự giảm thiểu tác động nhân tạo từ đáy lên đỉnh.

Từ khóa


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