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Sự tiến hóa của các cấu trúc thứ cấp RNA ribosome ITS ở các sinh vật cộng sinh nấm và tảo của một số loài thuộc giống Cladonia sect. Cladonia (Cladoniaceae, Ascomycotina)
Tóm tắt
Các nghiên cứu tiến hóa trong các hiệp hội địa y theo chân sinh vật cộng sinh nấm (mycobiont), là sinh vật cộng sinh mà địa y được đặt tên và chiếm phần lớn thallus. Tuy nhiên, sự tiến hóa của đối tác tảo (photobiont) cũng rất quan trọng để duy trì tính tương thích giữa các sinh vật cộng sinh và tối ưu hóa năng suất của hiệp hội địa y. Các vùng spacer nội bộ (ITS) của DNA ribosome hạt nhân (rDNA) đã được nghiên cứu để xác định các mẫu trình tự DNA chính và các mẫu trong cấu trúc thứ cấp của các trình tự rRNA ở cả hai sinh vật cộng sinh thuộc giống Cladonia. Các sinh vật cộng sinh nấm và tảo cho thấy những xu hướng trái ngược về tốc độ tiến hóa và chiều dài đoạn. Cả hai sinh vật cộng sinh đều cho thấy sự bảo tồn mạnh mẽ hơn của cấu trúc ITS2 so với cấu trúc ITS1. Sự tương đồng là rõ ràng trong các cấu trúc thứ cấp giữa hai nhóm thuỷ sinh chi diệp và nấm ascomycete khác nhau. Hầu hết các loài nấm và tất cả các phức hợp loài đều phi đa nguồn gốc. ITS rDNA của tảo địa y tự nhiên từ Manitoba và bốn loài tảo đã biết có độ tương đồng cao. Tảo địa y tự nhiên phân tách thành các nhánh được hỗ trợ mạnh bởi các đặc điểm môi trường, cho thấy rằng tảo đã thích nghi với môi trường có thể kết hợp với các hạt giống nấm đang nảy mầm thuộc giống Cladonia. Tính linh hoạt của nấm có thể cho phép mycobiont thích nghi với môi trường của photobiont, tạo ra sự biến đổi trong hình thái địa y. Điều này có thể giải thích sự không tương đồng của các mẫu phát sinh chủng loại giữa các đối tác tảo và nấm đã được thử nghiệm và sự đa nguồn gốc của các loài nấm.
Từ khóa
#địa y #tảo #nấm #mycobiont #photobiont #ITS #rDNA #cấu trúc thứ cấpTài liệu tham khảo
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