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Bằng chứng về hoạt động vi sinh vật tại chỗ và quá trình sulfide hóa trong các trầm tích muối cao và dưới 0 °C của một nguồn nước băng vĩnh cửu tại Bắc Cực
Tóm tắt
Nguồn nước băng vĩnh cửu (LH) xả ra các dung dịch muối siêu mặn và giảm thiểu dưới 0 °C qua những lớp băng vĩnh cửu dày đặc, và là nơi duy nhất được biết đến có sự rò rỉ khí methane ở địa điểm băng giá trên Trái Đất. Nghiên cứu này nhằm mục đích xác định các cộng đồng vi sinh vật hoạt động sinh sống trong các trầm tích của cửa nguồn nước, và kiểm tra xem các cộng đồng này có thay đổi theo mùa và không gian hay không. Các thí nghiệm tiểu hệ vi sinh cho thấy quá trình khử sinh học các hợp chất lưu huỳnh (SR) với hydro (ví dụ, quá trình khử sulfát) có thể được thực hiện trong các điều kiện siêu mặn và dưới 0 °C, xuống đến −20 °C, nhiệt độ thấp nhất từng được ghi nhận cho SR. Phân tích pyrosequencing của cả 16S rRNA (tức là cDNA) và gen 16S rRNA (tức là DNA) của các trầm tích thu thập vào cuối mùa đông và mùa hè chỉ ra rằng các cộng đồng vi khuẩn và vi khuẩn cổ ở cấp độ ngành là khá ổn định. Các cộng đồng vi khuẩn và vi khuẩn cổ có khả năng hoạt động chủ yếu thuộc về các nhánh có liên quan đến nhóm T78 Chloroflexi và loài Halobacteria, tương ứng. Nghiên cứu này cho thấy rằng SR, hoạt động dựa vào hydro (có thể kết hợp với autotrophy), và sự phân hủy các ankan chuỗi ngắn (không bao gồm methane), có lẽ đại diện cho những quá trình chuyển hóa quan trọng, chưa được tính đến trước đây, được thực hiện bởi các cộng đồng vi sinh vật LH. Nói chung, những phát hiện thu được đã cung cấp thêm bằng chứng rằng hệ thống LH chứa các cộng đồng vi sinh vật kỵ khí, ưa muối và ưa lạnh hoạt động mặc dù có các điều kiện khắc nghiệt tại chỗ.
Từ khóa
#vi sinh vật #sulfide hóa #trầm tích siêu mặn #băng vĩnh cửu #Bắc CựcTài liệu tham khảo
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