Evidence of extensive genetic connectivity and recent demographic expansion of the queen mackerel Scomberomorus plurilineatus in Tanzanian coastal waters
Tóm tắt
The queen mackerel Scomberomorus plurilineatus has long been an important source of dietary animal protein, household income, and employment to coastal communities in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region. Yet, since their market value has increased in recent years, they are increasingly exploited and their populations are declining. Hence, WIO countries enacted measures to curb destructive fishing and are taking initiatives to expand marine protected areas (MPAs). Yet, there is no data on the genetic stock structure of the fishery in the entire WIO, which preclude these initiatives. This study analysed fragments (647 base pairs) of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene from 118 queen mackerels collected from four main fishing grounds in Tanzania to reveal the extent of genetic connectivity and demographic history. The sequences showed signals of recent demographic expansion which is typical for most WIO fauna. Analysis of molecular variance showed insignificant indices of genetic differentiation between sites (FST = 0.00366, p > 0.005; ΦST = −0.00450, p > 0.05), indicating extensive genetic connectivity and suggesting that the fishery is a single stock. This implies that although some sites showed very low haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, and effective population size (Θ), the fishery is capable to revitalize itself if measures are taken to curb unsustainable fishing. Since the fishery showed extensive genetic connectivity, this study recommends a single management unit for the queen mackerel stock in Tanzania.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Beerli P, Palczewski M (2010) Unified framework to evaluate panmixia and migration direction among multiple sampling locations. Genetics 185:313–326. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.109.112532
Benansio JS, Jiddawi N (2016) Investigating changes in fish biodiversity in coastal villages of Zanzibar Island, Tanzania. Int J Fish Aquac 8:117–125. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJFA.0529
Braulik G, Wittich A, Macaulay J et al (2017) Acoustic monitoring to document the spatial distribution and hotspots of blast fishing in Tanzania. Mar Pollut Bull 125:360–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.036
Cadrin SX, Kerr LA, Mariani S (2014) Stock identification methods: applications in fishery science, 2nd edn. Elsevier Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2011-0-07625-1
Chale-Matsau JR, Govender A, Beckley LE (1999) Age and growth of the queen mackerel Scomberomorus plurilineatus from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Fish Res 44:121–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(99)00060-0
Collette B, Di Natale A, Fox W et al (2011) Scomberomorus plurilineatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/170348/6760962. Accessed 8 Feb 2022
Collette BB, Nauen CE (1983) FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO, Rome, Italy
Díaz-Arce N, Grewe P, Krug I, et al (2020) Evidence of connectivity of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) throughout the Indian Ocean inferred from genome-wide genetic markers. https://www.hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03206834
Excoffier L, Lischer HEL (2010) Arlequin suite ver 3.5: a new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows. Mol Ecol Resour 10:564–567. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02847.x
Francis J, Bryceson I (2001) Tanzanian coastal and marine resources: some examples illustrating questions of sustainable use. Lessons Learn Case Stud Sustain Use:76–102
Fu XY (1997) Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection. Genetics 147:915–925
Furlan E, Stoklosa J, Griffiths J et al (2012) Small population size and extremely low levels of genetic diversity in island populations of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus. Ecol Evol 2:844–857. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.195
Hadi S, Andayani N, Muttaqin E et al (2020) Genetic connectivity of the scalloped hammerhead shark Sphyrna lewini across Indonesia and the Western Indian Ocean. PLoS One 15:e0230763. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230763
Hague MTJ, Routman EJ (2016) Does population size affect genetic diversity? A test with sympatric lizard species. Heredity (Edinb) 116:92–98. https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2015.76
Harpending HC (1994) Signature of ancient population growth in a low-resolution mitochondrial DNA mismatch distribution. Hum Biol 66:591–600
Healey AJE, McKeown NJ, Taylor AL et al (2018) Cryptic species and parallel genetic structuring in Lethrinid fish: implications for conservation and management in the southwest Indian Ocean. Ecol Evol 8:2182–2195. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3775
Hewitt G (2000) The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages. Nature 405:907–913
Huyghe F, Kochzius M (2018) Sea surface currents and geographic isolation shape the genetic population structure of a coral reef fish in the Indian Ocean. PLoS One 13:e0193825. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193825
January M, Ngowi HP (2010) Untangling the nets: the governance of Tanzania’s marine fisheries. The South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA), Johannesburg, South Africa
Johnson M, Mgaya Y, Shaghude Y (2017) Genetic stock structure and phylogenetic relationship of kawakawa Euthynnus affinis – Cantor (1849) in the northern coastal waters of Tanzania using mitochondrial DNA control region. Mahé, Seychelles
Johnson MG, Mgaya YD, Shaghude YW (2021) Analysis of the genetic stock structure and phylogenetic relationship of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus commerson (Lacépède, 1800) along the northern Tanzanian coastal waters using mitochondrial DNA. Reg Stud Mar Sci 46:101862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101862
Kerr LA, Hintzen NT, Cadrin SX et al (2017) Lessons learned from practical approaches to reconcile mismatches between biological population structure and stock units of marine fish. ICES J Mar Sci 74:1708–1722. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw188
Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M et al (2018) MEGA X : Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms. Mol Biol Evol 35:1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
Lage C, Kuhn K, Kornfield I (2004) Genetic differentiation among Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from Browns Bank, Georges Bank, and Nantucket Shoals. Fish Bull 102:289–297
Leigh JW, Bryant D (2015) Popart: full-feature software for haplotype network construction. Methods Ecol Evol 6:1110–1116. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12410
Mahongo SB, Francis J (2012) Analysis of rainfall variations and trends in coastal Tanzania. West Indian Ocean J Mar Sci 11:121–133
Mbije NEJ, Douek J, Spanier E, Rinkevich B (2019) Population genetic parameters of the emerging corallivorous snail Drupella cornus in the northern Gulf of Eilat and Tanzanian coastlines based on mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Mar Biodivers 49:147–161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0768-2
Mbukwa R, Shunula P, Mshana JG et al (2019) United Republic of Tanzania National Report to the Scientific Committee of the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission. Karachi, Pakistan
Mcclanahan TR (2019) Coral reef fish communities, diversity, and their fisheries and biodiversity status in East Africa. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 632:175–191. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13153
Muths D, Gouws G, Mwale M et al (2012) Genetic connectivity of the reef fish Lutjanus kasmira at the scale of the western Indian Ocean. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 69:842–853. https://doi.org/10.1139/F2012-012
Ndetto EL, Matzarakis A (2013) Basic analysis of climate and urban bioclimate of Dar es Salaam. Tanzania. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-012-0828-2
Nehemia A, Huyghe F, Kochzius M (2017) Genetic erosion in the snail Littoraria subvittata (Reid, 1986) due to mangrove deforestation. J Molluscan Stud 83:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyw040
Obura D, Gudka M, Rabi FA, et al (2017) Coral reef status report for the Western Indian Ocean (2017): Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
ORI Fact Sheet (2020) South African Association for Marine Biological Research (SAAMBR). https://www.saambr.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ORI-Fish-Fact-Queen-Mackerel-ZC-LB.pdf. Accessed 8 Feb 2022
Otwoma LM, Kochzius M (2016) Genetic population structure of the coral reef sea star Linckia laevigata in the Western Indian Ocean and Indo-West Pacific. PLoS One 11:e0165552. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165552
Plough LV (2016) Genetic load in marine animals: a review. Curr Zool 62:567–579. https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zow096
Ratsimbazafy HA, Kochzius M (2018) Restricted gene flow among western Indian Ocean populations of the mangrove whelk Terebralia palustris (Linnaeus, 1767) (Caenogastropoda: Potamididae). J Molluscan Stud 84:163–169. https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyy001
Reiss H, Hoarau G, Dickey-Collas M, Wolff WJ (2009) Genetic population structure of marine fish: mismatch between biological and fisheries management units. Fish Fish 10:361–395. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00324.x
Rumisha C, Huyghe F, Rapanoel D et al (2017) Genetic diversity and connectivity in the East African giant mud crab Scylla serrata: implications for fisheries management. PLoS One 12(10):e0186817. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186817
Rumisha C, Kochzius M (2022) Genetic evidence for a single stock of giant tiger prawns Penaeus monodon in demarcated prawn fishing zones of Tanzania. Fish Manag Ecol 00:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12598
Rumisha C, Mdegela RH, Gwakisa P, Kochzius M (2018) Genetic diversity and gene flow among the giant mud crabs (Scylla serrata) in anthropogenic-polluted mangroves of mainland Tanzania: implications for conservation. Fish Res 205:96–104
Semba M, Lumpkin R, Kimirei I et al (2019) Seasonal and spatial variation of surface current in the Pemba Channel, Tanzania. PLoS One 14:e0210303. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210303
Silva SE, Silva IC, Madeira C et al (2013) Genetic and morphological variation in two littorinid gastropods: evidence for recent population expansions along the East African coast. Biol J Linn Soc 108:494–508. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.02041.x
Smith PJ (1994) Genetic diversity of marine fisheries resources Possible impacts of fishing. FAO, Rome
Tajima F (1989) Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism. Genetics 123:585–595 https://doi.org/PMC1203831
Thyresson M, Crona B, Nyström M et al (2013) Tracing value chains to understand effects of trade on coral reef fish in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Mar Policy 38:246–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2012.05.041
URT (United Republic of Tanzania) (2015) National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2015-2020. Dar es Salaam
URT (United Republic of Tanzania) (2021) The Annual Fisheries Statistics Report (January- December) 2020. Dodoma
Villesen P (2007) FaBox: an online toolbox for FASTA sequences. Mol Ecol Notes 7:965–968. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01821.x
Ward RD, Zemlak TS, Innes BH et al (2005) DNA barcoding Australia’s fish species. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 360:1847–1857. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1716
Zemeckis DR, Martins D, Kerr LA, Cadrin SX (2014) Stock identification of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in US waters: an interdisciplinary approach. ICES J Mar Sci 71:1490–1506. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412953924.n678