Evidence for $$t\bar{t}t\bar{t}$$ production in the multilepton final state in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ $$\text {TeV}$$ with the ATLAS detector

The European Physical Journal C - Tập 80 Số 11 - Trang 1-32 - 2020
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Tapia94, Tapprogge, S.15, Mohamed, A. Tarek Abouelfadl152, Tarem, S.24, Tariq, K.187, Tarna, G.42, Tartarelli, G. F.48, Tas, P.164, Tasevsky, M.180, Tassi, E.162,163, Delgado, A. Tavares29, Tayalati, Y.121, Taylor, A. J.238, Taylor, G. N.111, Taylor, W.190, Teagle, H.147, Tee, A. S.119, De Lima, R. Teixeira116, Teixeira-Dias, P.6, Kate, H. Ten4, Teoh, J. J.44, Terashi, K.86, Terron, J.55, Terzo, S.145, Testa, M.75, Teuscher, R. J.7, Thais, S. J.103, Themistokleous, N.167, Theveneaux-Pelzer, T.60, Thiele, F.8, Thomas, D. W.6, Thomas, J. O.137, Thomas, J. P.50, Thompson, E. A.60, Thompson, P. D.50, Thomson, E.173, Thorpe, E. J.138, Torres, R. E. Ticse5, Tikhomirov, V. O.38, Tikhonov, Yu. A.71,72, Timoshenko, S.132, Tipton, P.103, Tisserant, S.1, Todome, K.39,40, Todorova-Nova, S.164, Todt, S.135, Tojo, J.226, Tokár, S.92, Tokushuku, K.78, Tolley, E.149, Tombs, R.122, Tomiwa, K. G.178, Tomoto, M.78,84, Tompkins, L.116, Tornambe, P.3, Torrence, E.49, Torres, H.135, Pastor, E. Torró79, Toscani, M.189, Tosciri, C.57, Toth, J.1, Tovey, D. R.62, Traeet, A.155, Treado, C. J.186, Trefzger, T.139, Tresoldi, F.9, Tricoli, A.91, Trigger, I. M.165, Trincaz-Duvoid, S.125, Trischuk, D. A.185, Trischuk, W.7, Trocmé, B.183, Trofymov, A.25, Troncon, C.48, Trovato, F.9, Truong, L.150, Trzebinski, M.100, Trzupek, A.100, Tsai, F.60, Tseng, J.C-L.57, Tsiareshka, P. V.217, Tsirigotis, A.98, Tsiskaridze, V.130, Tskhadadze, E. G.224, Tsopoulou, M.98, Tsukerman, I. I.208, Tsulaia, V.33, Tsuno, S.78, Tsybychev, D.130, Tu, Y.232, Tudorache, A.42, Tudorache, V.42, Tulbure, T. T.239, Tuna, A. N.88, Turchikhin, S.31, Turgeman, D.107, Cakir, I. Turk228, Turner, R. J.50, Turra, R.48, Tuts, P. M.70, Tzamarias, S.98, Tzovara, E.15, Uchida, K.86, Ukegawa, F.216, Unal, G.4, Unal, M.64, Undrus, A.91, Unel, G.76, Ungaro, F. C.111, Unno, Y.78, Uno, K.86, Urban, J.154, Urquijo, P.111, Usai, G.105, Uysal, Z.128, Vacek, V.45, Vachon, B.32, Vadla, K. O. 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1CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
2Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA
3Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
4CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
5II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
6Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
7Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
8Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
9Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
10Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
11Department of Physics, Technion: Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
12High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, USA
13INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy
14ICTP, Trieste, Italy
15Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
16LAPP, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy, France
17Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
18Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, USA
19Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
20Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
21Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
22Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
23Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA
24Department of Physics, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
25IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
26LPC, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
27Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
28Department of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
29Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
30Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
31Joint Institute for Nuclear research, Dubna, Russia
32Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
33Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, USA
34INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
35Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
36Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
37Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden
38P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
39Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Bologna and Universita’ di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
40INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
41Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
42Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
43Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
44Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
45Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
46Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
47Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
48INFN Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
49Institute for Fundamental Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
50School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
51INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
52Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
53Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
54Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
55Departamento de Física Teorica C-15 and CIAFF, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
56Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
57Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
58Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, USA
59Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
60Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany
61Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
62Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
63IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
64Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
65Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
66Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
67Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
68Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
69Physics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
70Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, USA
71Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and NSU, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
72Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
73INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
74Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, USA
75INFN e Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
76Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
77INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
78KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
79Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia - CSIC, Valencia, Spain
80Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil
81Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, USA
82Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
83Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
84Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
85Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
86International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
87Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
88Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
89Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
90Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier and LPTPM, Oujda, Morocco
91Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, USA
92Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
93Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
94Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, USA
95Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
96Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Fachgruppe Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
97Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
98Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
99Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
100Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
101Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
102Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia – CSIC, Valencia, Spain
103Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, USA
104Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
105Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, USA
106School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
107Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
108Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
109Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
110Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
111School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
112Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
113INFN Sezione di Genova, Genoa, Italy
114Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
115Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), Munich, Germany
116SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, USA
117Department of Modern Physics and State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
118Konstantinov Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, PNPI, Saint Petersburg, Russia
119Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
120SUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
121Faculté des sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
122Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
123Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
124California State University, Long Beach, USA
125LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
126Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, USA
127Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
128Department of Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
129Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
130Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
131Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
132National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
133Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Réseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies - Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
134Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
135Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
136School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
137Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, USA
138School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
139Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
140Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
141INFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
142Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
143Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
144SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
145Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
146Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
147Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
148Institute for High Energy Physics of the National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Protvino, Russia
149Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
150Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
151Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai, China
152Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
153Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaiso, Chile
154Department of Subnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic
155Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
156Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, USA
157II Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
158Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
159Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA
160Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
161University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
162Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
163INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
164Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
165TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
166Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
167SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
168Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
169Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey
170Joint Laboratory of Optics, Palacký University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
171High Energy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
172Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
173Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
174Physics Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
175Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
176Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
177INFN Sezione di Lecce, Zona Monte, Italy
178School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
179University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing, China
180Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
181Department of Experimental Particle Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and Department of Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
182Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
183LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
184Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
185Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
186Department of Physics, New York University, New York, USA
187Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Qingdao, China
188Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
189Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
190Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Canada
191Departamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
192Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
193Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), São João del Rei, Brazil
194Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
195School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, KLPPAC-MoE, SKLPPC, Shanghai, China
196Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
197Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
198National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
199INFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
200Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
201Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA
202Departamento de Física, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
203INFN-TIFPA, Povo, Italy
204Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy
205Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
206Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
207Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
208Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
209Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
210D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
211Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
212Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn-Tofail, Kenitra, Morocco
213West University in Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
214Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
215Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck, Austria
216Division of Physics and Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
217B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
218Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
219Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
220Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
221Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Réseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies-Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
222Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of Byelorussian State University, Minsk, Belarus
223Physics Department, SUNY Albany, Albany, USA
224E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
225Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
226Research Center for Advanced Particle Physics and Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
227Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
228Application and Research Center for Advanced Studies, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
229Department of Physics, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
230Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Santiago, Chile
231Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China
232Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
233Physics Department, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
234Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
235Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
236Facultad de Ciencias y Centro de Investigaciónes, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
237Faculty of Applied Information Science, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan
238SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
239Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
240Physics Department, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj Napoca, Romania
241Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Villeurbanne, France
242Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
243Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, USA
244Division of Physics, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
245Kyoto University of Education, Kyoto, Japan

Tóm tắt

A search is presented for four-top-quark production using an integrated luminosity of 139 fb $$^{-1}$$ of proton–proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of $$13~\text {TeV}$$ collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are selected if they contain a same-sign lepton pair or at least three leptons (electrons or muons). Jet multiplicity, jet flavour and event kinematics are used to separate signal from the background through a multivariate discriminant, and dedicated control regions are used to constrain the dominant backgrounds. The four-top-quark production cross section is measured to be $$24^{+7}_{-6}$$  fb. This corresponds to an observed (expected) significance with respect to the background-only hypothesis of 4.3 (2.4) standard deviations and provides evidence for this process.

Tài liệu tham khảo

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