Evaluation of upper and lower pharyngeal airway in hypo and hyper divergent Class I, II and III malocclusions in a group of Egyptian patients

Cooper, 1989, Nasorespiratory function and orofacial development, Otolaryngol Clin North Am, 22, 413, 10.1016/S0030-6665(20)31448-1 Freitas, 2006, Upper and lower pharyngeal airways in subjects with Class I and Class II malocclusions and different growth patterns, Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop, 130, 742, 10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.01.033 Mergen, 1970, The size of nasopharynx associated with normal occlusion and Class II malocclusion, Angle Orthod, 40, 342 Kerr, 1985, The nasopharynx, face height and overbite, Angle Orthod, 55, 31 Subtelny, 1970, Malocclusions, orthodontic corrections and orofacial muscle adaptation, Angle Orthod, 40, 170 Paul, 1973, Effect of mouth breathing on dental occlusion, Angle Orthod, 43, 201 Preston, 2004, Cephalometric evaluation and measurement of the upper airway, Semin Orthod, 10, 3, 10.1053/j.sodo.2003.10.001 Ucar, 2011, Orofacial airway dimensions in subjects with Class I malocclusion and different growth patterns, Angle Orthod, 81, 460, 10.2319/091910-545.1 Ozbek, 1998, Natural head posture, upper airway morphology and obstructive sleep apnoea severity in adults, Eur J Orthod, 20, 133, 10.1093/ejo/20.2.133 Schudy, 1964, Vertical growth versus antero-posterior growth as related to function and treatment, Angle Orthod, 34, 75 Bjö rk, 1969, Prediction of mandibular growth rotation, Am J Orthod, 55, 585, 10.1016/0002-9416(69)90036-0 Karlsen, 1997, Association between facial height development and mandibular growth rotation in low and high MP-SN angle faces: a longitudinal study, Angle Orthod, 67, 103 Schendel, 1976, The long face syndrome: vertical maxillary excess, Am J Orthod, 70, 398, 10.1016/0002-9416(76)90112-3 Ceylan, 1995, A study on the pharyngeal size in different skeletal patterns, Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop, 108, 69, 10.1016/S0889-5406(95)70068-4 Joseph, 1998, A cephalometric comparative study of the soft tissue airway dimensions in persons with hyperdivergent and normodivergent facial patterns, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 56, 135, 10.1016/S0278-2391(98)90850-3 Abu Allhaija, 2005, Uvulo-glosso-pharyngeal dimensions in different antero-posterior skeletal patterns, Angle Orthod, 75, 1012 Malkoc, 2005, Reproducibility of airway dimensions and tongue and hyoid positions on lateral cephalograms, Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop, 128, 513, 10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.05.001 Martin, 2006, Nasopharyngeal cephalometric study of ideal occlusions, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 130, e431, 10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.03.022 Sahoo, 2012, Evaluation of upper airway dimensional changes and hyoid position following mandibular advancement in patients with skeletal class II malocclusion, J Craniofac Surg, 23, 623, 10.1097/SCS.0b013e318270fafd Oh, 2011, Three dimensional analysis of pharyngeal airway form in children with anteroposterior facial patterns, Angle Orthod, 81, 1075, 10.2319/010711-8.1 Li, 2009, Early orthodontic treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion may be effective to prevent the potential for OSAHS and snoring, Med Hypotheses, 73, 594, 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.05.041 Nalbantgil, 2005, Skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue changes induced by the jasper jumper appliance in late adolescence, Angle Orthod, 75, 426 Kumar, 2014, Pharyngeal airway dimension in different types of malocclusion, Int J Dent Sci Res, 2, 7, 10.12691/ijdsr-2-4A-3 Tourne, 1991, Growth of the pharynx and its physiologic implications, Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop, 139, 1 Linder-Aronson, 1986, Mandibular growth direction following adenoidectomy, Am J Orthod, 89, 273, 10.1016/0002-9416(86)90049-7 Behlfelt, 1989, Dentition in children with enlarged tonsils compared to control children, Eur J Orthod, 11, 416, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.ejo.a036014 Kerr, 1989, Mandibular form and position related to changed mode of breathing a five year longitudinal study, Angle Orthod, 59, 91 Kim, 2010, Three-dimensional analysis of pharyngeal airway in preadolescent children with different anteroposterior skeletal patterns, Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop, 137, 306, 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.10.026 King, 1952, A roentgenographic study of pharyngeal growth, Angle Orthod, 22, 23 Grauer, 2009, Pharyngeal airway volume and shape from cone-beam computed tomography: relationship to facial morphology, Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop, 136, 805, 10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.01.020 El, 2011, Airway volume for different dentofacial skeletal patterns, Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop, 139, 511, 10.1016/j.ajodo.2011.02.015 Alves, 2012, Evaluation of pharyngeal airway space amongst different skeletal patterns, Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 41, 814, 10.1016/j.ijom.2012.01.015 Oz, 2013, Two-dimensional lateral cephalometric evaluation of varying types of Class II subgroups on posterior airway space in postadolescent girls: a pilot study, J OrofacOrthop, 74, 18 Claudino, 2013, Pharyngeal airway characterization in adolescents related to facial skeletal pattern: a preliminary study, Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop, 143, 799, 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.01.015 Zheng, 2014, Three dimensional evaluation of upper airway in patients with different anteroposterior skeletal patterns, Orthod Craniofac Res, 17, 38, 10.1111/ocr.12029 Ishikawa, 2000, Seven parameters describing antero-posterior jaw relationships: post-pubertal prediction accuracy and interchangeability, Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop, 117, 714, 10.1016/S0889-5406(00)70181-8 Aboudara, 2009, Comparison of airway space with conventional lateral head films and 3-dimensional reconstruction from cone-beam computed tomography, Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop, 135, 468, 10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.04.043 Susarla, 2010, Cephalometric measurement of upper airway length correlates with the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 68, 2846, 10.1016/j.joms.2010.06.196 Zhong, 2010, A comparison study of upper airway among different skeletal craniofacial patterns in non snoring Chinese children, Angle Orthod, 80, 267, 10.2319/030809-130.1 Gupta, 2014, Assessment of oropharyngeal widths in individuals with different facial skeletal, Nitte Univ J Health Sci, 2, 2249 Celikoglu, 2014, Comparison of pharyngeal airway volume among different vertical skeletal patterns: a cone-beam computed tomography study, Angle Orthod, 84, 782, 10.2319/101013-748.1 Kirjavainen, 2007, Upper airway dimensions in Class II malocclusion. Effects of headgear treatment, Angle Orthod, 77, 1046, 10.2319/081406-332 Soheilifar, 2014, Upper airway dimensions in patients 1with Class II and Class I skeletal pattern, J Dent Res, 6, 23300 Dunn, 1973, Relationships between variation of mandibular morphology and variation of nasopharyngeal airway size in monozygotic twins, Angle Orthod, 43, 129 Ackerman, 1981, Tongue position and open-bite: the key roles of growth and the nasopharyngeal airway, ASDC J Dent Child, 48, 339 Proffit, 2007 Sosa, 1982, Post-pharyngeal lymphoid tissue in angle Class I and Class II malocclusions, Am J Orthod, 81, 299, 10.1016/0002-9416(82)90216-0 Muto, 2008, A cephalometric evaluation of the pharyngeal airway space in patients with mandibular retrognathia and prognathia, and normal subjects, Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 37, 228, 10.1016/j.ijom.2007.06.020 Iwasaki, 2009, Oro-pharyngeal airway in children with Class III malocclusion evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography, Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop, 136, 311, 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.02.017 Takemoto, 2011, Pharyngeal airway in children with prognathism and normal occlusion, Angle Orthod, 81, 75, 10.2319/013010-65.1 Solow, 1984, Airway adequacy, head posture, and craniofacial morphology, Am J Orthod, 86, 214, 10.1016/0002-9416(84)90373-7