Evaluation of the force generated by gradual deflection of orthodontic wires in conventional metallic, esthetic, and self-ligating brackets

Badawi HM, 2009, Three-dimensional orthodontic force measurements, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop., 136, 518, 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.02.025

Birnie D, 1990, Ceramic brackets, Br J Orthod., 17, 71, 10.1179/bjo.17.1.71

Burstone CJ, 1981, Variable-modulus orthodontics, Am J Orthod., 80, 1, 10.1016/0002-9416(81)90192-5

Buzzoni R, 2012, Assessment of surface friction of self-ligating brackets under conditions of angulated traction, Dental Press J Orthod., 17, 51, 10.1590/S2176-94512012000400013

Cacciafesta V, 2003, Evaluation of friction of stainless steel and esthetic self-ligating brackets in various bracket-archwire combinations, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop., 124, 395, 10.1016/S0889-5406(03)00504-3

Cordasco G, 2012, In vitro evaluation of resistance to sliding in self-ligating and conventional bracket systems during dental alignment, Korean J Orthod., 42, 218, 10.4041/kjod.2012.42.4.218

D'Antò V, 2012, Evaluation of surface roughness of orthodontic wires by means of atomic force microscopy, Angle Orthod., 82, 922, 10.2319/100211-620.1

De Franco DJ, 1995, Frictional resistances using teflon-coated ligatures with various bracket-archwire combinations, Angle Orthod., 65, 63

Franchi L, 2009, Forces released by nonconventional bracket or ligature systems during alignment of buccally displaced teeth, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 136, 316.e1, 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.02.016

Galvão MB, 2013, Frictional resistance in monocrystalline ceramic brackets with conventional and nonconventional elastomeric ligatures, Prog Orthod, 14, 9, 10.1186/2196-1042-14-9

Gurgel JA, 2001, Force-deflection properties of superelastic nickel-titanium archwires, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop., 120, 378, 10.1067/mod.2001.117200

Hemingway R, 2001, The influence of bracket type on the force delivery of ni-ti archwires, Eur J Orthod., 23, 233, 10.1093/ejo/23.3.233

Hiroce M, 2012, Sliding resistance of polycarbonate self-ligating brackets and stainless steel esthetic archwires, Prog Orthod., 13, 148, 10.1016/j.pio.2011.10.004

Huang TH, 2012, An in vitro comparison of the frictional forces between archwires and self-ligating brackets of passive and active types, Eur J Orthod., 34, 625, 10.1093/ejo/cjr065

Imai T, 1998, Mechanical properties and aesthetics of FRP orthodontic wire fabricated by hot drawing, Biomaterials, 19, 2195, 10.1016/S0142-9612(98)00127-6

2006, 1st ed.

Krishnan M, 2009, Comparative evaluation of frictional forces in active and passive self-ligating brackets with various archwire alloys, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop., 136, 675, 10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.11.034

Kumar S, 2014, Evaluation of friction in orthodontics using various brackets and archwire combinations - an in vitro study, J Clin Diagn Res., 8, ZC33

Kusy RP, 2002, Orthodontic biomaterials: from the past to the present, Angle Orthod., 72, 501

Kusy RP, 1999, Influence of archwire and bracket dimensions on sliding mechanics: derivations and determinations of the critical contact angles for binding, Eur J Orthod., 21, 199, 10.1093/ejo/21.2.199

Lee SM, 2015, A comparative study of frictional force in self-ligating brackets according to the bracket-archwire angulation, bracket material, and wire type, Korean J Orthod., 45, 13, 10.4041/kjod.2015.45.1.13

Lee YS, 2012, Do Class III patients have a different growth spurt than the general population?, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 142, 679, 10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.07.009

Liaw YC, 2007, Stiffness and frictional resistance of a superelastic nickel-titanium orthodontic wire with low-stress hysteresis, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 131, 578

Lombardo L, 2012, Load deflection characteristics and force level of nickel titanium initial archwires, Angle Orthod., 82, 507, 10.2319/032511-213.1

Montasser MA, 2014, Force loss in archwire-guided tooth movement of conventional and self-ligating brackets, Eur J Orthod., 36, 31, 10.1093/ejo/cjs110

Montasser MA, 2016, Archwire diameter effect on tooth alignment with different bracket-archwire combinations, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop., 149, 76, 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.06.026

Nucera R, 2014, Influence of bracket-slot design on the forces released by superelastic nickel-titanium alignment wires in different deflection configurations, Angle Orthod., 84, 541, 10.2319/060213-416.1

Parvizi F, 2003, The load/deflection characteristics of thermally activated orthodontic archwires, Eur J Orthod., 25, 417, 10.1093/ejo/25.4.417

Pesce RE, 2014, Evaluation of rotational control and forces generated during first-order archwire deflections: a comparison of self-ligating and conventional brackets, Eur J Orthod., 36, 245, 10.1093/ejo/cjr119

Reznikov N, 2010, Influence of friction resistance on expression of superelastic properties of initial NiTi wires in “reduced friction” and conventional bracket systems, J Dent Biomech, 10.4061/2010/613142

Rino Neto J, 2013, Does self-ligating brackets type influence the hysteresis, activation and deactivation forces of superelastic NiTi archwires?, Dental Press J Orthod, 18, 81, 10.1590/S2176-94512013000100018

Sakima MT, 2006, How does temperature influence the properties of rectangular nickel-titanium wires?, Eur J Orthod, 28, 282, 10.1093/ejo/cji079

Stolzenberg J, 1935, The Russell attachment and its improved advantages, Int J Orthod Dent Child, 21, 837, 10.1016/S0097-0522(35)90368-9

Thorstenson GA, 2002, Effect of archwire size and material on the resistance to sliding of self-ligating brackets with second-order angulation in the dry state, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop., 122, 295, 10.1067/mod.2002.126156

Tselepis M, 1994, The dynamic frictional resistance between orthodontic brackets and arch wires, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop., 106, 131, 10.1016/S0889-5406(94)70030-3

Wilkinson PD, 2002, Load-deflection characteristics of superelastic nickel-titanium orthodontic wires, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop., 121, 483, 10.1067/mod.2002.121819