Evaluation of Shape Array sensors to quantify the spatial distribution and seasonal rate of track settlement

Berg, 2018, Correlation of acoustic emissions with patterns of movement in an extremely slow-moving landslide at Peace River, Alberta, Canada., Can Geotech J, 55, 1475, 10.1139/cgj-2016-0668 Borgonovo G, Contini A, Locatelli L, Marco P, Ramelli E. Monitoring used as an alarm system in tunnelling. InRapid Excavation & Tunnelling Conference & Exhibit.: Toronto, Canada, Copyright 2007. Choi Y, Um J, Lee J, Choi H. The influence of track irregularities on the running behavior of high-speed trains. Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part F: J Rail Rapid Transit. 2012; 227:94–102. FARO Technologies Inc. Focus S 150 and Focus S 350 User Manual. Lake Mary, Florida, United States: Author; 2016. FARO Technologies Inc. Scene 6.2 user manual. Lake Mary, Florida, United States: Author; 2016. Fröhling, 1998, Low frequency dynamic vehicle/track interaction: modelling and simulation, Veh Syst Dyn, 29, 30, 10.1080/00423119808969550 Hendry, 2013, Measurement of cyclic response of railway embankments and underlying soft peat foundations to heavy axle loads, Can Geotech J, 50, 467, 10.1139/cgj-2012-0118 Hunt, 1997, Settlement of railway track near bridge abutments, Proc Inst Civil Eng-Transp, 123, 68 Iwnicki, 2006 Kish A. On the fundamentals of track lateral resistance. In: American railway engineering and maintenance of way association, Minneapolis, USA, 2011, 18–21 September 2011. Li, 1995, Wheel/track dynamic interaction: track substructure perspective, Veh Syst Dyn, 24, 183, 10.1080/00423119508969624 Measurand. SAAX Manual. Hanwell, NB; 2018. Measurand. Specification sheet. Hanwell, NB; 2018. Overview of Methods for Measurement of Track Irregularities Important for Ground-Borne Vibration; v2, 2013. [Accessed 7 December 2020]. Pannese, 2019, Bridge transition monitoring: Interpretation of track defects using digital image correlation and distributed fiber optic strain sensing, Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part F: J Rail Rapid Transit Stark TD, Wilk ST. Root cause of differential movement at bridge transition zones. Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part F: J Rail Rapid Transit 2015; 230:1257–69. Departments of the Army and the Air Force. TM 5-628 Railroad Track Standards. https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/ARMYCOE/COETM/ARCHIVES/tm_5_628.pdf 1991 [access on June 27, 2020]. Transport Canada. Rules respecting track safety 2012. Union Pacific Railroad, 2016 Usman, 2015, Railway track subgrade failure mechanisms using a fault chart approach, Procedia Eng, 125, 547, 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.11.060 Weston, 2015, Perspectives on railway track geometry condition monitoring from in-service railway vehicles, Veh Syst Dyn, 53, 1063, 10.1080/00423114.2015.1034730 Wheeler, 2017, Performance assessment of peat rail subgrade before and after mass stabilization, Can Geotech J, 54, 674, 10.1139/cgj-2016-0256