Evaluation of Microstructural Characteristics in Alumina Produced by Selective Laser Stereolithography and Detonation Gun Spraying
Tóm tắt
The important microstructural characteristics of Al2O3 produced via detonation gun spraying (DGS) deposition and laser stereolithography (3D printing) were investigated in this study. Microstructural observation indicated that microstructure of 3D-printed samples mostly consisted of alumina and voids, while coating samples contained extra features such as splat boundaries, pores, and cracks. The DGS deposited alumina was characterized by higher density with 3.0 ± 0.6% porosity compared to the additive manufacturing processed samples with 8.1 ± 0.8% porosity. Existence of some residual carbon was detected in 3D-printed alumina sample via energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The feedstock powder used for both processes was pure α-Al2O3. While the x-ray diffraction results showed no phase change in 3D-printed samples, DGS deposited alumina coating contained a mixture of α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3 phases. The phase distribution discovered by x-ray diffraction was confirmed by diffraction patterns obtained from transmission electron microscopy.
Tài liệu tham khảo
G. Willmann, Ceramic femoral heads for total hip arthroplasty. Adv. Eng. Mater. 2(3), 114–122 (2000)
R. Morrell, Handbook of Properties of Technical and Engineering Ceramics (H.M.S.O Publication, London, 1985)
P. Auerkari, Mechanical and Physical Properties of Engineering Alumina Ceramics (VTT Technical Research Center of Finland, Espoo, 1996)
R.F. Bunshah, Handbook of Deposition Technologies for Films and Coatings Science Technology and Application, 2nd edn. (Noyes Publication, Norwich, 1994), pp. 591–642
R.W. Smith, Chapter 2: Equipment and Theory, Thermal Spray Technology (B. Will ASM International, Cleveland, 1992)
S. Sampath et al., Role of thermal spray processing method on the microstructure, residual stress and properties of coatings: an integrated study for Ni–5 wt% Al bond coats. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 364(1–2), 216–231 (2004)
M. Geetha et al., Detonation gun sprayed Al2O3–13TiO2 coatings for biomedical applications. Surf. Eng. 30(4), 229–236 (2014)
V. Ulianitsky, et al., Deposition of dense ceramic coatings by detonation spraying. in ITSC-2014 Proceedings (2014) pp. 349–352
M.P. Planche et al., Different spray process for different Al2O3 coating properties. Appl. Phys. A 99(3), 665–671 (2010)
R. Venkataraman et al., A study on phase stability observed in as sprayed alumina—13 wt% Titania coatings grown by detonation gun and plasma spraying on low alloy steel substrate. Surf. Coat. Technol. 201(6), 3087–3095 (2006)
Terminology, Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technologies. (ASTM International, 2012) F2792−12a
J. Moon et al., Ink-Jet printing of binders for ceramic components. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 85(4), 755–762 (2002)
S.-J.L. Kang, Sintering: Densification, Grain Growth and Microstructure (Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2005)
K.G. Cooper, Rapid Prototyping Technology: Selection and Application (Mechanical Engineering) (CRC Press, New York, 2001)
C. Chaput, T. Chartier, Fabrication of ceramics by stereolithography. in RTejournal-Forum für Rapid Technologie 4, urn:nbn:de:0009-2-11635 (2007)
F.-L. Toma et al., Comparative study of the electrical properties and characteristics of thermally sprayed Alumina and spinel coatings. J. Therm. Spray Technol. 20(1–2), 195–204 (2011)
A.S. Wu et al., An experimental investigation into additive manufacturing-induced residual stresses in 316L Stainless Steel. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 45(13), 6260–6270 (2014)
S. Maleksaeedi et al., Property enhancement of 3D-printed Alumina ceramics using vacuum infiltration. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 214(7), 1301–1306 (2014)
F. Azarmi et al., Microstructural evolution during fabrication of alumina via laser stereolithography technique. Ceram. Int. 45(1), 271–278 (2019)
M.W. Barsoum, Fundamentals of Ceramics (Series in Materials Science and Engineering) (Routledge, Abingdon, 2002)
P. Zamani, Z. Valefi, Microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties of plasma sprayed Al2O3, Cr2O3 and Al2O3–Cr2O3 composite coatings. Surf. Coat. Technol. 316, 138–145 (2017)
S.T. Aruna et al., Effect of critical plasma spray parameters on the microstructure, microhardness and wear and corrosion resistance of plasma sprayed alumina coatings. Surf. Coat. Technol. 208, 92–100 (2012)
P.S. Santos et al., Standard transition aluminas. Electron microscopy studies. Mater. Res. 3(4), 104–114 (2000)
K. Yang et al., Stress-induced phase transformation and amorphous-to-nanocrystalline transition in plasma-sprayed Al2O3 coating with relative low temperature heat treatment. Surf. Coat. Technol. 253, 277–283 (2014)
J. Rong et al., Tribological performance of plasma sprayed Al2O3–Y2O3 composite coatings. Surf. Coat. Technol. 302, 487–494 (2016)
B.G. Hyde et al., Crystal structures of principal ceramic materials. Mater. Sci. Technol. (2006). https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527603978.mst0117
M.S. Ghamsari et al., Facile route for preparation of highly crystalline γ-Al2O3 nanopowder. Mater. Lett. 72, 32–35 (2012)
A. Aryasomayajula et al., Transmission Electron Microscopy and X-ray Diffraction analysis of alumina coating by alternate-current inverted magnetron-sputtering technique. Thin Solid Films 516, 397–401 (2007)