Evaluation and treatment of hirsutism

Apollo Medicine - Tập 10 - Trang 138-145 - 2013
Kalpana Dash1
1Professor, Senior Consultant, Department of Endocrinology, Apollo Hospitals Bilaspur, Seepat Road, Lingiadih, Bilaspur 495006, India

Tài liệu tham khảo

Rosenfield, 2005, Clinical practice – hirsutism, N Engl J Med, 353, 2578, 10.1056/NEJMcp033496 Ferriman, 1961, Clinical assessment of body hair growth in women, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 21, 1440, 10.1210/jcem-21-11-1440 Hatch, 1981, Hirsutism: implications, etiology, and management, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 140, 815, 10.1016/0002-9378(81)90746-8 Ehrmann, 2005, Polycystic ovary syndrome, N Engl J Med, 352, 1223, 10.1056/NEJMra041536 Joseph-Horne, 2002, Luteal phase progesterone excretion in ovulatory women with polycystic ovaries, Hum Reprod, 17, 1459, 10.1093/humrep/17.6.1459 Ehrmann, 1992, Detection of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism in women with androgen excess, N Engl J Med, 327, 157, 10.1056/NEJM199207163270304 Kaltsas, 2003, The value of the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test in the differential diagnosis of hyperandrogenism in women, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2634, 10.1210/jc.2002-020922 Gabrilove, 1981, Virilizing adrenal adenoma with studies on the steroid content of the adrenal venous effluent and a review of the literature, Endocr Rev, 2, 462, 10.1210/edrv-2-4-462 Eckel, 2005, The metabolic syndrome, Lancet, 365, 1415, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66378-7 Azziz, 2004, Androgen excess in women: experience with over 1000 consecutive patients, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89, 453, 10.1210/jc.2003-031122 Reingold, 1987, The relationship of mild hirsutism or acne in women to androgens, Arch Dermatol, 123, 209, 10.1001/archderm.1987.01660260079018 Wild, 1983, Androgen parameters and their correlation with body weight in one hundred thirty-eight women thought to have hyperandrogenism, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 146, 602, 10.1016/0002-9378(83)90998-5 New, 1983, Genotyping steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency: hormonal reference data, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 57, 320, 10.1210/jcem-57-2-320 Rauh, 2010, Steroid measurement with LC–MS/MS. Application examples in pediatrics, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 121, 520, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2009.12.007 2004, Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome, Fertil Steril, 81, 19, 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.10.004 Azziz, 2006, Positions statement: criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an Androgen Excess Society guideline, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 91, 4237, 10.1210/jc.2006-0178 Zawadzki, 1992, Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: towards a rational approach, 377 Zouboulis, 2007, Sexual hormones in human skin, Horm Metab Res, 39, 85, 10.1055/s-2007-961807 Fitzgerald, 1999, Effect of age on the response of the hypothalamo–pituitary–ovarian axis to a combined oral contraceptive, Fertil Steril, 71, 1079, 10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00146-6 Lobo, 1985, The effects of two doses of spironolactone on serum androgens and anagen hair in hirsute women, Fertil Steril, 43, 200, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)48373-1 Swiglo, 2008, Antiandrogens for the treatment of hirsutism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 93, 1153, 10.1210/jc.2007-2430 Neumann, 1967, Intersexuality of male fetuses and inhibition of androgen-dependent functions in male animals by means of testosterone blockers, Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 92, 360, 10.1055/s-0028-1103628 Mowszowicz, 1984, Androgen metabolism in hirsute patients treated with cyproterone acetate, J Steroid Biochem, 20, 757, 10.1016/0022-4731(84)90081-5 Van der Spuy, 2003, Cyproterone acetate for hirsutism, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 4, CD001125 Muhn, 1995, Drospirenone: a novel progestogen with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity, Ann N Y Acad Sci, 761, 311, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb31386.x Batukan, 2007, Comparison of two oral contraceptives containing either drospirenone or cyproterone acetate in the treatment of hirsutism, Gynecol Endocrinol, 23, 38, 10.1080/09637480601137066 Townsend, 2004, Relative safety and efficacy of finasteride for treatment of hirsutism, Ann Pharmacother, 38, 1070, 10.1345/aph.1D461 Wong, 1995, A prospective randomized trial comparing finasteride to spironolactone in the treatment of hirsute women, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 80, 233, 10.1210/jc.80.1.233 Al-Khawajah, 1998, Finasteride for hirsutism: a dose finding study, Saudi Med, J19, 19 Simard, 1986, Characteristics of interaction of the antiandrogen flutamide with the androgen receptor in various target tissues, Mol Cell Endocrinol, 44, 261, 10.1016/0303-7207(86)90132-2 Cusan, 1994, Comparison of flutamide and spironolactone in the treatment of hirsutism: a randomized controlled trial, Fertil Steril, 61, 281, 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)56518-2 Falsetti, 1997, Treatment of hirsutism by finasteride and flutamide in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, Gynecol Endocrinol, 11, 251, 10.3109/09513599709152542 Fruzzetti, 1999, Treatment of hirsutism: comparisons between different antiandrogens with central and peripheral effects, Fertil Steril, 71, 445, 10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00486-5 Grigoriou, 1996, Comparison of flutamide and cyproterone acetate in the treatment of hirsutism: a randomized controlled trial, Gynecol Endocrinol, 10, 119, 10.3109/09513599609097901 Inal, 2005, Comparison of the clinical efficacy of flutamide and spironolactone plus Diane 35 in the treatment of idiopathic hirsutism: a randomized controlled study, Fertil Steril, 84, 1693, 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.05.051 Moghetti, 2000, Comparison of spironolactone, flutamide, and finasteride efficacy in the treatment of hirsutism: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85, 89, 10.1210/jc.85.1.89 Venturoli, 1999, A prospective randomized trial comparing low dose flutamide, finasteride, ketoconazole, and cyproterone acetate-estrogen regimens in the treatment of hirsutism, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 84, 1304, 10.1210/jc.84.4.1304 Wallace, 1993, Hepatotoxicity complicating flutamide treatment of hirsutism, Ann Intern Med, 119, 1150, 10.7326/0003-4819-119-11-199312010-00020 Andrade, 1999, Fulminant liver failure associated with flutamide therapy for hirsutism, Lancet, 353, 983, 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)00564-4 Osculati, 2006, Fatal liver complications with flutamide, Lancet, 367, 1140, 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68498-5 Heiner, 1995, Comparison of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and a low dose oral contraceptive given alone or together in the treatment of hirsutism, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 80, 3412, 10.1210/jc.80.12.3412 Anderson, 1983, Selective photothermolysis: precise microsurgery by selective absorption of pulsed radiation, Science, 220, 524, 10.1126/science.6836297 Shapiro, 2001, Vaniqa–eflornithine 13.9% cream, Skin Ther Lett [Erratum], 6 Shapiro, 2005, Treatments for unwanted facial hair, Skin Therapy Lett, 10, 1 Hickman, 2001, Human dermal safety studies with eflornithine HCl 13.9% cream (Vaniqa), a novel treatment for excessive facial hair, Curr Med Res Opin, 16, 235, 10.1185/030079901750176735 Hennemann, 2001, Eflornithine for hair removal. Topical application for hirsutism, Med Monatsschr Pharm, 24, 38 Malhotra, 2001, Percutaneous absorption and pharmacokinetics of eflornithine HCl 13.9% cream in women with unwanted facial hair, J Clin Pharmacol, 41, 972, 10.1177/00912700122010951 Wolf, 2007, Randomized, double-blind clinical evaluation of the efficacy and safety of topical eflornithine HCl 13.9% cream in the treatment of women with facial hair, Int J Dermatol, 46, 94, 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2006.03079.x