Evaluation and management of hypertension in childhood

Progress in Pediatric Cardiology - Tập 12 Số 2 - Trang 177-188 - 2001
Joseph T. Flynn1
1Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Health System, MI 48109 0297, Ann Arbor, USA

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

The Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Childhood: Report of the Task Force. Pediatrics 1977; 59:797–820.

Task force on Blood Pressure Control in Children. Report of the second task force on blood pressure control in children — 1987. Pediatrics 1987;79:1–25.

National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group. Update on the 1987 Task Force Report on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: A working group report from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program. Pediatrics 1996;98:649–58.

Munger, 1988, Persistent elevation of blood pressure among children with a family history of hypertension: the Minneapolis Children's Blood Pressure Study, J Hypertens, 6, 647, 10.1097/00004872-198808000-00008

Sinaiko, 1989, Prevalence of ‘significant’ hypertension in junior high school-aged children: the Children and Adolescent Blood Pressure Program, J Pediatr, 114, 664, 10.1016/S0022-3476(89)80718-8

Hansen, 1990, Blood pressure distribution in a school-age population aged 8–10 years: the Odense schoolchild study, J Hypertens, 8, 641, 10.1097/00004872-199007000-00007

Flynn, 2000, Neonatal hypertension: diagnosis and management, Pediatr Nephrol, 14, 332, 10.1007/s004670050771

Lauer, 1989, Childhood risk factors for adult blood pressure: the Muscatine Study, Pediatrics, 84, 633, 10.1542/peds.84.4.633

Shear, 1986, Value of childhood blood pressure measurements and family history in predicting future blood pressure status: results from 8 years of follow-up in the Bogalusa Heart Study, Pediatrics, 77, 862, 10.1542/peds.77.6.862

Bao, 1995, Essential hypertension predicted by tracking of elevated blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study, Am J Hypertens, 8, 657, 10.1016/0895-7061(95)00116-7

Paffenbarger, 1968, Chronic disease in former college students. VIII. Characteristics in youth predisposing to hypertension in later years, Am J Epidemiol, 88, 25, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120864

Sagie, 1993, The natural history of borderline isolated systolic hypertension, N Engl J Med, 329, 1912, 10.1056/NEJM199312233292602

Gidding, 1993, Relationships between blood pressure and lipids in childhood, Pediatr Clin N Am, 40, 41, 10.1016/S0031-3955(16)38479-6

Hanna, 1991, Hypertension and the kidney, J Pediatr, 118, 327, 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)82143-2

Arar, 1994, Etiology of sustained hypertension in children in the southwestern United States, Pediatr Nephrol, 8, 186, 10.1007/BF00865475

Feld, 1988, Hypertension in children, Curr Probl Pediatr, 18, 317, 10.1016/0045-9380(88)90025-4

McCrory, 1992, Definition, prevalence and distribution of causes of hypertension, 104

Wyszynska, 1992, A single center experience with 1025 children with hypertension, Acta Pædiatr, 81, 244, 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12213.x

Plumer, 1976, Hypertension in infants — a complication of umbilical arterial catheterization, J Pediatr, 89, 802, 10.1016/S0022-3476(76)80811-6

Merten, 1978, Renovascular hypertension as a complication of umbilical arterial catheterization, Radiology, 126, 751, 10.1148/126.3.751

Zahka, 1981, Cardiac involvement in adolescent hypertension: echocardiographic determination of myocardial hypertrophy, Hypertension, 3, 664, 10.1161/01.HYP.3.6.664

Laird, 1981, Left ventricular hypertrophy in adolescents with elevated blood pressure: assessment by chest roentgenography, electrocardiography and echocardiography, Pediatrics, 67, 255, 10.1542/peds.67.2.255

Deal, 1992, Renovascular disease in childhood, J Pediatr, 121, 378, 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)81789-5

Prince, 1998, Renal MR angiography: a comprehensive approach, J Magn Reson Imaging, 8, 511, 10.1002/jmri.1880080302

Sorof, 2000, Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the pediatric patient, J Pediatr, 136, 578, 10.1067/mpd.2000.106230

Belsha, 1999, Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and hypertensive target-organ damage in children, Blood Press Monit, 4, 161, 10.1097/00126097-199903000-00010

Flynn, 2000, Impact of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring on the management of hypertension in children, Blood Press Monit, 5, 211, 10.1097/00126097-200008000-00003

Flynn, 2000, Use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) to differentiate between primary and secondary hypertension (HTN) in children (abstract), Pediatr Res, 47, 446A

Falkner, 1990, Decision-making in childhood hypertension, 13, 495

Daniels, 1991, The prevalence of retinal vascular abnormalities in children and adolescents with essential hypertension, Am J Opthalmol, 111, 205, 10.1016/S0002-9394(14)72260-3

Brownell, 1983, Treatment of obese children with and without their mothers: changes in weight and blood pressure, Pediatrics, 71, 515, 10.1542/peds.71.4.515

Rocchini, 1988, Blood pressure in obese adolescents: effect of weight loss, Pediatrics, 82, 16

Williams, 1997, Management of childhood obesity in pediatric practice, Ann NY Acad Sci, 817, 225, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48209.x

Pinelli, 1999, Childhood obesity: results of a multicenter study of obesity treatment in Italy, J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 12, 795

Alpert B.S., Fox M.E. Hypertension. In: Goldberg B, ed. Sports and Exercise for Children with Chronic Health Conditions. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1995:197-205.

Arrol, 1992, Does physical activity lower blood pressure: a critical review of the clinical trials, J Clin Epidemiol, 45, 439, 10.1016/0895-4356(92)90093-3

Dustan, 1989, Corcoran lecture: the case for or against salt in hypertension, Hypertension, 13, 696, 10.1161/01.HYP.13.6.696

Weinberger, 1996, Salt sensitivity of blood pressure in humans, Hypertension, 27, 481, 10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.481

Cutler, 1999, The effects of reducing sodium and increasing potassium intake for control of hypertension and improving health, Clin Exp Hypertens, 21, 769, 10.3109/10641969909061007

Gillman, 1992, Inverse association of dietary calcium with systolic blood pressure in young children, J Am Med Assoc, 267, 2340, 10.1001/jama.1992.03480170066030

Gillman, 1995, Effect of calcium supplementation on blood pressure in children, J Pediatr, 127, 186, 10.1016/S0022-3476(95)70293-8

Suter, 1998, Potassium and hypertension, Nutr Rev, 56, 151

Kawano, 1998, Effects of potassium supplementation on office, home, and 24-h blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension, Am J Hypertens, 11, 1141, 10.1016/S0895-7061(98)00037-5

Appel, 1997, A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure, N Engl J Med, 336, 1117, 10.1056/NEJM199704173361601

Balfe, 1993, Hypertension and its treatment, 573

Sinaiko, 1994, Treatment of hypertension in children, Pediatr Nephrol, 8, 603, 10.1007/BF00858144

Schreiner, 1998, Safety and effectiveness data: will children gain access?, Am Ht J, 136, 4, 10.1016/S0002-8703(98)70173-5

Flynn J.T. Pediatric use of antihypertensive medications: much more to learn. Curr Ther Res 2001; in press.

Physicians’ Desk Reference®, 54th edition, Medical Economics Company, Montvale, NJ, 2000.

MacDonald, 1994, Stability of isradipine in an extemporaneously compounded oral liquid, Am J Hosp Pharm, 51, 2409

Nahata, 1999, Stability of amlodipine besylate in two liquid dosage forms, J Am Pharm Assoc, 39, 375, 10.1016/S1086-5802(16)30454-5