Evaluating the potential of the SORTIE forest succession model for spatio-temporal analysis of small-scale disturbances

Bailey, 1995, 413 Barden, 1989, Repeatability in forest gap research: studies in the Great Smoky Mountains, Ecology, 70, 558, 10.2307/1940204 Bellefleur, 1981, Markov models of forest-type secondary succession in coastal British Columbia, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 11, 18, 10.1139/x81-004 Bormann, 1979 Botkin, 1972, Some ecological consequences of a computer model of forest growth, Journal of Ecology, 60, 849, 10.2307/2258570 Brisson, 1994, Beech-maple dynamics in an old-growth forest of southern Quebec, Canada, Ecoscience, 1, 40, 10.1080/11956860.1994.11682226 Brokaw, 1985, Treefalls, regrowth and community structure in tropical forests, 53 Brokaw, 1989, Species composition in gaps and structure of a tropical forest, Ecology, 70, 538, 10.2307/1940196 Canham, 1988, Growth and canopy architecture of shade-tolerant trees: response to canopy gaps, Ecology, 69, 786, 10.2307/1941027 Canham, 1990, Light regimes beneath closed canopies and tree-fall gaps in temperate and tropical forests, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 20, 620, 10.1139/x90-084 Canham, 1994, Causes and consequences of resource heterogeneity in forests: interspecific variation in light transmission by canopy trees, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 24, 337, 10.1139/x94-046 Chazdon, 1984, Photosynthetic light environments in a lowland tropical rain forest in Costa Rica, Journal of Ecology, 72, 553, 10.2307/2260066 Coates, 1997, A gap-based approach for development of silvicultural systems to address ecosystem management objectives, Forest Ecology and Management, 99, 337, 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00113-8 Coquillard, 1997, Modélisation et simulation d’écosystèmes Coveney, 1996, 462 Dahir, 1996, Variation in canopy gap formation among developmental stages of northern hardwood stands, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 26, 1875, 10.1139/x26-212 Denslow, 1985, Disturbance mediated coexistence of species, 307 Deutschman, D.H., Levin, S.A., Devine, C. Buttel, L.A., 1997. Scaling from trees to forests: analysis of a complex simulation model. Science ONLINE, available from http://www.sciencemag.org/feature/data/deutschman/index.htm. Deutschman, 1999, Error propagation in a forest succession model: the role of fine-scale heterogeneity in light, Ecology, 80, 1927 Deutschman, D.H., Devine, C., 2000. The role of visualization in understanding a complex forest simulation model. ACM SIGGRAPH 34 (1), available from http://www.siggraph.org/publications/newsletter//v34n1/contributions/Deutschman.html. Dubé, 2001, Quantifying gap dynamics at the patch mosaic level using a spatially-explicit model of a northern hardwood forest ecosystem, Ecological Modelling, 142, 39, 10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00238-1 El-Bayoumi, 1983, Modelling succession of eastern Canadian mixedwood forest, Ecological Modelling, 21, 175, 10.1016/0304-3800(84)90136-4 Fortin, 1999, Spatial statistics in landscape ecology, 253 du Québec, 1997, 122 He, 1999, An object-oriented forest landscape model and its representation of tree species, Ecological Modelling, 119, 1, 10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00041-1 Judson, 1994, The rise of the individual-based model in ecology, TREE, 9, 9 Kay, 1999, An ecosystem approach for sustainability: addressing the challenge of complexity, Futures, 31, 721, 10.1016/S0016-3287(99)00029-4 Kercher, 1984, A process model of fire ecology and succession in a mixed-conifer forest, Ecology, 65, 1725, 10.2307/1937768 Kobe, 1995, Juvenile tree survivorship as a component f shade tolerance, Ecological Applications, 5, 517, 10.2307/1942040 Leemans, 1989 Legendre, 1998, 852 Levin, 1998, Mathematical and computational challenges in population biology and ecosystem science, Science, 275, 334, 10.1126/science.275.5298.334 Lindstörm, 1997, Detecting periodicity in short and noisy time series data, OIKOS, 78, 406, 10.2307/3546310 Liu, 1998, FORMOSAIC: an individual-based spatially explicit model for simulating forest dynamics in landscape mosaics, Ecological Modelling, 106, 177, 10.1016/S0304-3800(97)00191-9 Luan, 1996, Hierarchical approach to forest ecosystem simulation, Ecological Modelling, 86, 37, 10.1016/0304-3800(95)00121-2 Lorimer, 1989, Relative effects of small and large disturbances on temperate hardwood forest structure, Ecology, 70, 565, 10.2307/1940207 Moeur, 1981, Plot, stand, and cover-type aggregation effects on projections with an individual tree based stand growth model, Can. J. For. Res., 11, 309, 10.1139/x81-042 Pacala, 1993, Forest models defined by field measurements: 1. The design of a northeastern forest simulator, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 23, 1980, 10.1139/x93-249 Pacala, 1994, Sapling growth as a function of resources in a north temperate forest, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 24, 2172, 10.1139/x94-280 Pacala, 1996, Forest models defined by field measurements: II. Estimation, error analysis and dynamics, Ecological Monographs, 66, 1, 10.2307/2963479 Papaik, M., 1999. SORTIE BC v4.1 User Manual. Institute of Ecosystem Studies, p. 48. Payette, 1990, Disturbance regime of a cold temperate forest as deduced from tree-ring patterns, the Tantaré ecological reserve, Quebec, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 20, 1228, 10.1139/x90-162 Platt, 1989, Gaps in forest ecology, Ecology, 70, 535, 10.2307/1940194 Poulson, 1989, Gap light regimes influence canopy tree diversity, Ecology, 70, 543, 10.2307/1940202 Ribbens, 1994, Seedling recruitment in forests: calibrating models to predict patterns of tree seedling dispersion, Ecology, 75, 1794, 10.2307/1939638 Runkle, 1982, Patterns of disturbance in some old-growth mesic forests of eastern North America, Ecology, 63, 1533, 10.2307/1938878 Runkle, 1985, Disturbance regimes in temperate forests Runkle, 1987, Treefalls revisited: gap dynamics in the southern Appalchians, Ecology, 68, 417, 10.2307/1939273 Runkle, 1990, Gap dynamics in an Ohio Acer-Fagus forest and speculations on the geography of disturbance, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 20, 632, 10.1139/x90-085 Runkle, 1991, Gap dynamics of old-growth eastern forests: management implications, Natural Areas Journal, 11, 19 Shugart, 1977, Development of an Appalachian deciduous forest succession model and its application to assessment of the impact of the chesnut blight, Journal of environmental Management, 5, 161 Spies, 1989, Gap characteristics and vegetation response in coniferous forest of the Pacific Northwest, Ecology, 70, 543, 10.2307/1940198 Tognetti, 1999, Science in a double-bind: Gregory Bateson and the origins of post-normal science, Futures, 31, 689, 10.1016/S0016-3287(99)00027-0 Veblen, 1989, Tree regeneration responses to gaps along a transandean gradient, Ecology, 70, 541, 10.2307/1940197 Vitousek, 1981, Process studies in succession, 267 Whitmore, 1989, Canopy gaps and the two major groups of forest trees, Ecology, 70, 536, 10.2307/1940195 Wolfram, 1984, Cellular automata as models of complexity, Nature, 311, 419, 10.1038/311419a0