Evaluating the evidence for models of life course socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review

BMC Public Health - Tập 5 Số 1 - 2005
Ricardo A. Pollitt1, Kathryn M. Rose1, Jay S. Kaufman1
1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Aronowitz RA: Making Sense of Illness: Science, Society, and Disease. Cambridge history of medicine. 1998, Cambridge, U.K., Cambridge University Press

Labarthe D: Causation and prevention of cardiovascular diseases: An overview of the contributions of 20th-century epidemiology. Epidemiology and prevention of cardiovascular diseases : a global challenge. 1998, Gaithersburg, Md., Aspen Publishers, 17-25.

Kuh D, Smith GD: The life course and adult chronic disease: an historical perspective with particular reference to coronary heart disease. A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology. Edited by: Kuh D and Ben-Shlomo Y. 1997, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 15-41.

Kaplan GA, Keil JE: Socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature. Circulation. 1993, 88: 1973-1998.

Labarthe D, Heiss G: Epidemiology and prevention of cardiovascular diseases : a global challenge. 1998, Gaithersburg, Md., Aspen Publishers, xix, 681-

Lenfant C: Conference on Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Health and disease. Circulation. 1996, 94: 2041-2044.

Hinkle LEJ, Whitney LH, Lehman EW, Dunn J, Benjamin B, King R, Plakun A, Flehinger B: Occupation, education, and coronary heart disease. Risk is influenced more by education and background than by occupational experiences, in the Bell System. Science. 1968, 161: 238-246.

Stamler J: Established major coronary risk factors. Coronary Heart Disease Epidemiology: From Aetiology to Public Health. Edited by: Marmot M and Elliott P. 1992, Oxford, England, Oxford University Press, 35-66.

Marmot M, Kogevinas M, Elston MA: Social/economic status and disease. Ann Rev Public Health. 1987, 8: 111-135. 10.1146/annurev.pu.08.050187.000551.

Sorlie PD, Backlund E, Keller JB: US mortality by economic, demographic, and social characteristics: the National Longitudinal Mortality Study. Am J Public Health. 1995, 85: 949-956.

Marmot MG, Smith GD, Stansfeld S, Patel C, North F, Head J, White I, Brunner E, Feeney A: Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study. Lancet. 1991, 337: 1387-1393. 10.1016/0140-6736(91)93068-K.

Martikainen P, Makela P, Koskinen S, Valkonen T: Income differences in mortality: a register-based follow-up study of three million men and women. Int J Epidemiol. 2001, 30: 1397-1405. 10.1093/ije/30.6.1397.

Kuh D, Ben-Shlomo Y: A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology. 1997, Oxford, Oxford University Press

Power C, Hertzman C: Social and biological pathways linking early life and adult disease. Br Med Bull. 1997, 53: 210-221.

Bartley M, Plewis I: Does health-selective mobility account for socioeconomic differences in health? Evidence from England and Wales, 1971 to 1991. J Health Soc Behav. 1997, 38: 376-386.

Doornbos G, Kromhout D: Educational level and mortality in a 32-year follow-up study of 18-year-old men in The Netherlands. Int J Epidemiol. 1990, 19: 374-379.

Elder GH: The life course paradigm: Social change and individual development. Examining lives in context : perspectives on the ecology of human development. Edited by: Moen P, Elder GH and Lüscher K. 1995, Washington, DC, American Psychological Association, xx, 708-1st

Hertzman C: The lifelong impact of childhood experiences: A population health perspective. Daedalus. 1994, 123: 167-180.

Kuh D, Smith GD: When is mortality risk determined? Historical insights into a current debate. Soc Hist Med. 1993, 6: 101-123.

Kuh D, Power C, Blane D, Bartley M: Social pathways between childhood and adult health. A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology. Edited by: Kuh D and Ben-Shlomo Y. 1997, Oxford ; New York, Oxford University Press, 169-198.

Repetti RL, Taylor SE, Seeman TE: Risky families: family social environments and the mental and physical health of offspring. Psychol Bull. 2002, 128: 330-366. 10.1037//0033-2909.128.2.230.

Rutter M: Pathways from childhood to adult life. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1989, 30: 23-51.

Smith GD, Gunnell D, Ben-Shlomo Y: Lifecourse approaches to socio-economic differentials in cause-specific adult mortality. Poverty, inequality and health : an international perspective. Edited by: Leon DA and Walt G. 2001, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 88-124.

Bartley M, Blane D, Montgomery S: Health and the life course: why safety nets matter. Bmj. 1997, 314: 1194-1196.

Beckett M: Converging health inequalities in later life--an artifact of mortality selection. J Health Soc Behav. 2000, 41: 106-119.

Ben-Shlomo Y, Kuh D: A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives. Int J Epidemiol. 2002, 31: 285-293. 10.1093/ije/31.2.285.

Halfon N, Hochstein M: Life course health development: an integrated framework for developing health, policy, and research. Milbank Q. 2002, 80: 433-79, iii. 10.1111/1468-0009.00019.

Hertzman C, Power C, Matthews S, Manor O: Using an interactive framework of society and lifecourse to explain self-rated health in early adulthood. Soc Sci Med. 2001, 53: 1575-1585. 10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00437-8.

Stansfeld SA, Marmot MG: Stress and the heart : psychosocial pathways to coronary heart disease. 2002, London, BMJ Books, xi, 304-

Stern J: Social mobility and the interpretation of social class mortality differentials. J Soc Policy. 1983, 12: 27-49.

Blane D: The life course, the social gradient, and health. Social Determinants of Health. Edited by: Marmot M and Wilkinson RG. 1999, , Oxford University Press, 65-80.

Forsdahl A: Living conditions in childhood and subsequent development of risk factors for arteriosclerotic heart disease. The cardiovascular survey in Finnmark 1974-75. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1978, 32: 34-37.

West P: Rethinking the health selection explanation for health inequalities. Soc Sci Med. 1991, 32: 373-384. 10.1016/0277-9536(91)90338-D.

Blane D, Smith GD, Bartley M: Social selection: what does it contribute to social class differences in health?. Sociology of Health and Illness. 1993, 15: 1-15. 10.1111/1467-9566.ep11343777.

Smith GD, Ben-Shlomo Y, Lynch J: Life course approaches to inequalities in coronary heart disease risk. Stress and the heart : psychosocial pathways to coronary heart disease. Edited by: Stansfeld SA and Marmot MG. 2002, London, BMJ Books, 21-49.

Greenland S: Meta-Analysis. Modern Epidemiology. Edited by: Rothman KJ, Greenland S and Sonis J. 1998, Philadelphia, Pa., Lippincott-Raven, xiii, 737-2nd

Coggon D, Margetts B, Barker DJ, Carson PH, Mann JS, Oldroyd KG, Wickham C: Childhood risk factors for ischaemic heart disease and stroke. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 1990, 4: 464-469.

Lynch JW, Kaplan GA, Cohen RD, Kauhanen J, Wilson TW, Smith NL, Salonen JT: Childhood and adult socioeconomic status as predictors of mortality in Finland. Lancet. 1994, 343: 524-527. 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91468-0.

Gliksman MD, Kawachi I, Hunter D, Colditz GA, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Speizer FE, Willett WC, Hennekens CH: Childhood socioeconomic status and risk of cardiovascular disease in middle aged US women: a prospective study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1995, 49: 10-15.

Notkola V, Punsar S, Karvonen MJ, Haapakoski J: Socio-economic conditions in childhood and mortality and morbidity caused by coronary heart disease in adulthood in rural Finland. Soc Sci Med. 1985, 21: 517-523. 10.1016/0277-9536(85)90035-8.

Lamont D, Parker L, White M, Unwin N, Bennett SM, Cohen M, Richardson D, Dickinson HO, Adamson A, Alberti KG, Craft AW: Risk of cardiovascular disease measured by carotid intima-media thickness at age 49-51: lifecourse study. Bmj. 2000, 320: 273-278. 10.1136/bmj.320.7230.273.

Hart CL, Smith GD, Blane D: Inequalities in mortality by social class measured at 3 stages of the lifecourse. Am J Public Health. 1998, 88: 471-474.

Kaplan GA, Salonen JT: Socioeconomic conditions in childhood and ischaemic heart disease during middle age. Bmj. 1990, 301: 1121-1123.

Smith GD, Hart C, Blane D, Hole D: Adverse socioeconomic conditions in childhood and cause specific adult mortality: prospective observational study. Bmj. 1998, 316: 1631-1635.

Wamala SP, Lynch J, Kaplan GA: Women's exposure to early and later life socioeconomic disadvantage and coronary heart disease risk: the Stockholm Female Coronary Risk Study. Int J Epidemiol. 2001, 30: 275-284. 10.1093/ije/30.2.275.

Marmot M, Shipley M, Brunner E, Hemingway H: Relative contribution of early life and adult socioeconomic factors to adult morbidity in the Whitehall II study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2001, 55: 301-307. 10.1136/jech.55.5.301.

Smith GD, McCarron P, Okasha M, McEwen J: Social circumstances in childhood and cardiovascular disease mortality: prospective observational study of Glasgow University students. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2001, 55: 340-341. 10.1136/jech.55.5.340.

Hasle H: Association between living conditions in childhood and myocardial infarction. Bmj. 1990, 300: 512-513.

Burr ML, Sweetnam PM: Family size and paternal unemployment in relation to myocardial infarction. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1980, 34: 93-95.

Vagero D, Leon D: Effect of social class in childhood and adulthood on adult mortality. Lancet. 1994, 343: 1224-1225. 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)92432-5.

Lundberg O: The impact of childhood living conditions on illness and mortality in adulthood. Soc Sci Med. 1993, 36: 1047-1052. 10.1016/0277-9536(93)90122-K.

Smith GD, Hart C: Life-course socioeconomic and behavioral influences on cardiovascular disease mortality: the collaborative study. Am J Public Health. 2002, 92: 1295-1298.

Claussen B, Davey Smith G, Thelle D: Impact of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic position on cause specific mortality: the Oslo Mortality Study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2003, 57: 40-45. 10.1136/jech.57.1.40.

Frankel S, Smith GD, Gunnell D: Childhood socioeconomic position and adult cardiovascular mortality: the Boyd Orr Cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 1999, 150: 1081-1084.

Osler M, Andersen AMN, Due P, Lund R, Damsgaard MT, Holstein BE: Socioeconomic position in early life, birth weight, childhood cognitive function, and adult mortality. A longitudinal study of Danish men born in 1953. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2003, 57: 681-686. 10.1136/jech.57.9.681.

Dedman DJ, Gunnell D, Davey Smith G, Frankel S: Childhood housing conditions and later mortality in the Boyd Orr cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2001, 55: 10-15. 10.1136/jech.55.1.10.

Robins JM, Greenland S: Identifiability and exchangeability for direct and indirect effects. Epidemiology. 1992, 3: 143-155.

Cole SR, Hernan MA: Fallibility in estimating direct effects. Int J Epidemiol. 2002, 31: 163-165. 10.1093/ije/31.1.163.

Poole C, Kaufman JS: What does standard adjustment for downstream mediators tell us about social effect pathways?. Am J Epidemiol. 2000, 151: S52-

Robins JM: General methodological considerations. Journal of Econometrics. 2003, 112: 89-106. 10.1016/S0304-4076(02)00151-3.

Lynch JW, Kaplan GA, Salonen JT: Why do poor people behave poorly? Variation in adult health behaviours and psychosocial characteristics by stages of the socioeconomic lifecourse. Soc Sci Med. 1997, 44: 809-819. 10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00191-8.

Manor O, Matthews S, Power C: Comparing measures of health inequality. Soc Sci Med. 1997, 45: 761-771. 10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00412-1.

van de Mheen H, Stronks K, Looman CW, Mackenbach JP: Does childhood socioeconomic status influence adult health through behavioural factors?. Int J Epidemiol. 1998, 27: 431-437. 10.1093/ije/27.3.431.

Blane D, Hart CL, Smith GD, Gillis CR, Hole DJ, Hawthorne VM: Association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with socioeconomic position during childhood and during adulthood. Bmj. 1996, 313: 1434-1438.

Arnesen E, Forsdahl A: The Tromso heart study: coronary risk factors and their association with living conditions during childhood. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1985, 39: 210-214.

Peck MN: The importance of childhood socio-economic group for adult health. Soc Sci Med. 1994, 39: 553-562. 10.1016/0277-9536(94)90098-1.

Brunner E, Shipley MJ, Blane D, Smith GD, Marmot MG: When does cardiovascular risk start? Past and present socioeconomic circumstances and risk factors in adulthood. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999, 53: 757-764.

Lawlor DA, Ebrahim S, Davey Smith G: Socioeconomic position in childhood and adulthood and insulin resistance: cross sectional survey using data from British women's heart and health study. BMJ. 2002, 325: 805-10.1136/bmj.325.7368.805.

Lawlor DA, Davey Smith G, Ebrahim S: Life Course Influences on Insulin Resistance: Findings from the British Women's Heart and Health Study. Diabetes Care. 2003, 26: 97-103.

Parker L, Lamont DW, Unwin N, Pearce MS, Bennett SM, Dickinson HO, White M, Mathers JC, Alberti KG, Craft AW: A lifecourse study of risk for hyperinsulinaemia, dyslipidaemia and obesity (the central metabolic syndrome) at age 49-51 years. Diabet Med. 2003, 20: 406-415. 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.00949.x.

Braddon FE, Rodgers B, Wadsworth ME, Davies JM: Onset of obesity in a 36 year birth cohort study. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986, 293: 299-303.

Wadsworth ME, Cripps HA, Midwinter RE, Colley JR: Blood pressure in a national birth cohort at the age of 36 related to social and familial factors, smoking, and body mass. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1985, 291: 1534-1538.

Poulton R, Caspi A, Milne BJ, Thomson WM, Taylor A, Sears MR, Moffitt TE: Association between children's experience of socioeconomic disadvantage and adult health: a life-course study. Lancet. 2002, 360: 1640-1645. 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11602-3.

Brunner E, Davey Smith G, Marmot M, Canner R, Beksinska M, O'Brien J: Childhood social circumstances and psychosocial and behavioural factors as determinants of plasma fibrinogen. Lancet. 1996, 347: 1008-1013. 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90147-6.

Hart CL, Smith GD, Blane D: Social mobility and 21 year mortality in a cohort of Scottish men. Soc Sci Med. 1998, 47: 1121-1130. 10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00061-6.

Kaplan BH, Cassel JC, Tyroler HA, Cornoni JC, Kleinbaum DG, Hames CG: Occupational mobility and coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med. 1971, 128: 938-942. 10.1001/archinte.128.6.938.

Gillum RF, Paffenbarger RSJ: Chronic disease in former college students. XVII. Sociocultural mobility as a precursor of coronary heart disease and hypertension. Am J Epidemiol. 1978, 108: 289-298.

Faresjo T, Svardsudd K, Tibblin G: Social mobility and health in a prospective study of middle-aged men. Scand J Soc Med. 1994, 22: 86-89.

Pensola TH, Martikainen P: Cumulative social class and mortality from various causes of adult men. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2003, 57: 745-751. 10.1136/jech.57.9.745.

Heslop P, Smith GD, Macleod J, Hart C: The socioeconomic position of employed women, risk factors and mortality. Soc Sci Med. 2001, 53: 477-485. 10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00350-6.

Smith GD, Hart C, Blane D, Gillis C, Hawthorne V: Lifetime socioeconomic position and mortality: prospective observational study. Bmj. 1997, 314: 547-552.

Berkman LF, Macintyre S: The measurement of social class in health studies: old measures and new formulations. IARC Sci Publ. 1997, 51-64.

Krieger N, Williams DR, Moss NE: Measuring social class in US public health research: concepts, methodologies, and guidelines. Annu Rev Public Health. 1997, 18: 341-378. 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.18.1.341.

Liberatos P, Link BG, Kelsey JL: The measurement of social class in epidemiology. Epidemiol Rev. 1988, 10: 87-121.

Phillips AN, Smith GD: Bias due to measurement imprecision. Lancet. 1992, 339: 1418-1419. 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91242-Z.

Phillips AN, Smith GD: How independent are "independent" effects? Relative risk estimation when correlated exposures are measured imprecisely. J Clin Epidemiol. 1991, 44: 1223-1231. 10.1016/0895-4356(91)90155-3.

Power CMOFAJFK: Health in Childhood and Social Inequalities in Health in Young Adults. J R Statist Soc A. 1990, 153: 17-28.

Power C: A review of child health in the 1958 birth cohort: National Child Development Study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 1992, 6: 81-110.

Power C, Hertzman C, Matthews S, Manor O: Social differences in health: life-cycle effects between ages 23 and 33 in the 1958 British birth cohort. Am J Public Health. 1997, 87: 1499-1503.

Power C, Matthews S, Manor O: Inequalities in self-rated health: explanations from different stages of life. Lancet. 1998, 351: 1009-1014. 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11082-0.

Kuh D, Hardy R, Langenberg C, Richards M, Wadsworth ME: Mortality in adults aged 26-54 years related to socioeconomic conditions in childhood and adulthood: post war birth cohort study. Bmj. 2002, 325: 1076-1080. 10.1136/bmj.325.7372.1076.

Wadsworth ME, Kuh DJ: Childhood influences on adult health: a review of recent work from the British 1946 national birth cohort study, the MRC National Survey of Health and Development. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 1997, 11: 2-20. 10.1046/j.1365-3016.1997.d01-7.x.

Butler NR, Golding J: From birth to five : a study of the health and behaviour of Britain's 5-year-olds. 1986, Oxford Oxfordshire ; New York, Pergamon Press, xxxii, 439-

Diez Roux AV, Merkin SS, Hannan P, Jacobs DR, Kiefe CI: Area characteristics, individual-level socioeconomic indicators, and smoking in young adults: the coronary artery disease risk development in young adults study. Am J Epidemiol. 2003, 157: 315-326. 10.1093/aje/kwf207.

Morland K, Wing S, Diez Roux A: The contextual effect of the local food environment on residents' diets: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Am J Public Health. 2002, 92: 1761-1767.

Diez Roux AV, Jacobs DR, Kiefe CI: Neighborhood characteristics and components of the insulin resistance syndrome in young adults: the coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study. Diabetes Care. 2002, 25: 1976-1982.

Wadsworth ME: Health inequalities in the life course perspective. Soc Sci Med. 1997, 44: 859-869. 10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00187-6.

Lynch J, Kaplan GA, Salonen R, Salonen JT: Socioeconomic status and progression of carotid atherosclerosis. Prospective evidence from the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997, 17: 513-519.