Evaluating information processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder: The case for Fuzzy Trace Theory

Developmental Review - Tập 34 - Trang 44-76 - 2014
Haylie L. Miller1, Timothy N. Odegard2, Greg Allen3
1Department of Physical Therapy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, United States
2Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Dallas, United States
3Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, United States

Tài liệu tham khảo

Acredolo, 1995, Intuition and gist, Learning & Individual Differences, 7, 83, 10.1016/1041-6080(95)90018-7 American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th revised ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Ansari, 2002, Atypical trajectories of number development: A neuroconstructivist perspective, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 511, 10.1016/S1364-6613(02)02040-5 Applebee, 1978 Ballard, 1983, Parallel visual computation, Nature, 306, 21, 10.1038/306021a0 Barnes, J. L., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2013). The big picture: Storytelling ability in adults with autism spectrum conditions. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (Advance online publication). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1388-5. Baron-Cohen, 1989, The autistic child’s theory of mind—A case of specific developmental delay, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 30, 285, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x Baron-Cohen, 1995 Baron-Cohen, 1997, Another advanced test of theory of mind: Evidence from very high functioning adults with autism or Asperger Syndrome, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 813, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01599.x Baron-Cohen, 1985, Does the autistic-child have a theory of mind, Cognition, 21, 37, 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 Baron-Cohen, 2000, The amygdala theory of autism, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 24, 355, 10.1016/S0149-7634(00)00011-7 Baron-Cohen, 2001, The “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” test-revised version: A study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, 241, 10.1111/1469-7610.00715 Baron-Cohen, 1997, Is there a ‘language of the eyes’? Evidence from normal adults, and adults with autism or Asperger syndrome, Visual Cognition, 4, 311, 10.1080/713756761 Baron-Cohen, 1991, Precursors to a theory of mind: Understanding attention in others, 233 Barry, 2004, Using social stories to teach choice and play skills to children with autism, Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 19, 45, 10.1177/10883576040190010601 Bartak, 1975, A comparative study of infantile autism and specific developmental receptive language disorder: I. The children, British Journal of Psychiatry, 126, 127, 10.1192/bjp.126.2.127 Bauer, 2011, Early memory development, 153 Begeer, 2010, Using theory of mind to represent and take part in social interactions: Comparing individuals with high-functioning autism and typically developing controls, European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 7, 104, 10.1080/17405620903024263 Begeer, 2007, Do children with autism acknowledge the influence of mood on behaviour?, Autism, 11, 503, 10.1177/1362361307083262 Begeer, 2003, Theory of mind-based action in children from the autism spectrum, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 479, 10.1023/A:1025875311062 Begeer, 2006, Attention to facial emotion expressions in children with autism, Autism, 10, 37, 10.1177/1362361306057862 Bennetto, 1996, Intact and impaired memory functions in autism, Child Development, 67, 1816, 10.2307/1131734 Bertone, 2003, Motion perception in autism: A “complex” issue, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 15, 218, 10.1162/089892903321208150 Beversdorf, 2000, Increased discrimination of ‘false memories’ in autism spectrum disorder, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the United States of America, 97, 8734, 10.1073/pnas.97.15.8734 Bigham, 2010, Assessing recollection and familiarity in autistic spectrum disorders: Methods and findings, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40, 878, 10.1007/s10803-010-0937-7 Bölte, 2009, Brief report: The level and nature of autistic intelligence revisited, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 678, 10.1007/s10803-008-0667-2 Bott, 2006, Perceptual similarity in autism, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 59, 1, 10.1080/02724980543000196 Boucher, 1978, Echoic memory capacity in autistic children, Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 19, 161, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1978.tb00457.x Boucher, 1981, Memory for recent events in autistic children, Jounral of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 11, 293, 10.1007/BF01531512 Boucher, 2008 Boucher, 1989, Memory impairments and communication in relatively able autistic children, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30, 99, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00771.x Boucher, 2010, Memory Bowler, 1992, Theory of mind in Asperger’s syndrome, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 33, 877, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01962.x Bowler, 2008, Subjective organisation in the free recall of adults with Asperger’s syndrome, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 104, 10.1007/s10803-007-0366-4 Bowler, 2010, Multiple list learning in adults with autism spectrum disorder: Parallels with frontal lobe damage or further evidence of diminished relational processing?, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40, 179, 10.1007/s10803-009-0845-x Bowler, 2004, Source memory in adolescents and adults with Asperger’s syndrome, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 533, 10.1007/s10803-004-2548-7 Bowler, 2000, Episodic memory and remembering in adults with Asperger syndrome, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 295, 10.1023/A:1005575216176 Bowler, 2000, Memory illusions: False recall and recognition in adults with Asperger’s syndrome, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 663, 10.1037/0021-843X.109.4.663 Bowler, 1997, Asperger’s syndrome and memory: Similarity to autism but not amnesia, Neuropsychologia, 35, 65, 10.1016/S0028-3932(96)00054-1 Brainerd, 2006, Development of the false-memory illusion, Developmental Psychology, 42, 962, 10.1037/0012-1649.42.5.962 Brainerd, 2004, Behavioral measurement of remembering phenomenologies: So simple a child can do it, Child Development, 75, 505, 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00689.x Brainerd, 1984, Do children have to remember to reason? A fuzzy-trace theory of transitivity development, Developmental Review, 4, 311, 10.1016/0273-2297(84)90021-2 Brainerd, 1998, Children’s and adults’ spontaneous false memories: Long-term persistence and mere-testing effects, Child Development, 69, 1361, 10.2307/1132271 Brainerd, 1988, Generic resources, reconstructive processing, and children’s mental arithmetic, Developmental Psychology, 24, 324, 10.1037/0012-1649.24.3.324 Brainerd, 1990, Gist is the grist: Fuzzy-trace theory and the new intuitionism, Developmental Review, 10, 3, 10.1016/0273-2297(90)90003-M Brainerd, 1990, Inclusion illusions: Fuzzy-trace theory and perceptual salience effects in cognitive development, Developmental Review, 10, 365, 10.1016/0273-2297(90)90020-5 Brainerd, 1992, The memory independence effect: What do the data show? What do the theories claim?, Developmental Review, 12, 164, 10.1016/0273-2297(92)90007-O Brainerd, 1993, Memory independence and memory interference in cognitive development, Psychological Review, 100, 42, 10.1037/0033-295X.100.1.42 Brainerd, 2002, Fuzzy-trace theory and false memory, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 164, 10.1111/1467-8721.00192 Brainerd, 2007, Explaining developmental reversals in false memory, Psychological Science, 18, 442, 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01919.x Brainerd, 1995, Are children’s false memories more persistent than their true memories?, Psychological Science, 6, 359, 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00526.x Brainerd, 2008, Developmental reversals in false memory: A review of data and theory, Psychological Bulletin, 134, 343, 10.1037/0033-2909.134.3.343 Brainerd, 2006, Recollection rejection of false narrative statement, Memory, 14, 672, 10.1080/09658210600648449 Brainerd, 2009, Trichotomous processes in early memory development, aging, and neurocognitive impairment: A unified theory, Psychological Review, 116, 783, 10.1037/a0016963 Brainerd, 1999, Conjoint recognition, Psychological Review, 106, 160, 10.1037/0033-295X.106.1.160 Brainerd, 2003, Recollection rejection: False-memory editing in children and adults, Psychological Review, 110, 762, 10.1037/0033-295X.110.4.762 Brainerd, 2011, Theoretical and forensic implications of developmental studies of the DRM illusion, Memory & Cognition, 39, 365, 10.3758/s13421-010-0043-2 Brainerd, 2001, Conjoint recognition and phantom recollection, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 27, 307 Bransford, 1971, The abstraction of linguistic ideas, Cognitive Psychology, 2, 331, 10.1016/0010-0285(71)90019-3 Brian, 1996, Disembedding performance and recogntion memory in autism/PDD, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, 865, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01482.x Brock, 2002, The temporal binding deficit hypothesis of autism, Development and Psychopathology, 14, 209, 10.1017/S0954579402002018 Brock, 2008, Do individuals with autism process words in context? Evidence from language-mediated eye-movements, Cognition, 10, 896, 10.1016/j.cognition.2008.06.007 Brosnan, 2004, Gestalt processing in autism: Failure to process perceptual relationships and the implications for contextual understanding, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 459, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00237.x Brown, 2010, Intact implicit learning in autism spectrum conditions, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 1789, 10.1080/17470210903536910 Bruner, 1993, Theories of mind and the problem of autism, 267 Capps, 2000, “The frog ate the bug and made his mouth sad”: Narrative competence in children with autism, Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28, 193, 10.1023/A:1005126915631 Carlin, 2012, Effects of presentation mode on veridical and false memory in individuals with intellectual disability, American Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 117, 183, 10.1352/1944-7558-117.3.183 Ceci, 1993, Suggestibility of the child witness: A historical review and synthesis, Psychological Bulletin, 113, 403, 10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.403 Ceci, 1988, On remembering…More or Less: A trace strength interpretation of developmental differences in suggestibility, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117, 201, 10.1037/0096-3445.117.2.201 Cho, 2007, Analogical reasoning in working memory: Resources shared among relational integration, interference resolution, and maintenance, Memory & Cognition, 35, 1445, 10.3758/BF03193614 Dawson, 2007, The level and nature of autistic intelligence, Psychological Science, 18, 657, 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01954.x De Martino, 2008, Explaining enhanced logical consistency during decision making in autism, Journal of Neuroscience, 28, 10746, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2895-08.2008 De Neys, 2011, When less is not always more: Stereotype knowledge and reasoning development, Developmental Psychology, 47, 432, 10.1037/a0021313 Deese, 1959, On the prediction of occurrence of particulate verbal intrusions in immediate recall, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, 17, 10.1037/h0046671 Delis, 1987 DeLoache, 1995, Early understanding and use of symbols, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4, 109, 10.1111/1467-8721.ep10772408 Dennis, 2008, Age-related differences in brain activity during true and false memory retrieval, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20, 1390, 10.1162/jocn.2008.20096 Dewhurst, 2007, Story contexts increase susceptibility to the DRM illusion in 5-year-olds, Developmental Science, 10, 374, 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00592.x Diehl, 2006, Story recall and narrative coherence of high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorders, Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34, 87, 10.1007/s10802-005-9003-x Dodson, 2006, I misremember it well: Why older adults are unreliable eyewitnesses, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 770, 10.3758/BF03193995 Ecker, 2010, Describing the brain in autism in five dimensions—magnetic resonance imaging-assisted diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder using a multiparameter classification approach, Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 10612, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5413-09.2010 Ernst, 2005, Neurobiology of decision making: A selective review from a neurocognitive and clinical perspective, Biological Psychiatry, 58, 597, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.06.004 Estes, 1988, Toward a framework for combining connectionist and symbol-processing models, Journal of Memory and Language, 27, 196, 10.1016/0749-596X(88)90073-3 Farrar, 1992, Developmental changes in event memory, Child Development, 63, 173, 10.2307/1130911 Fein, 1996, Neuropsychological and language data, 123 Flavell, J. H., Green, F. L., & Flavell, E. R. (1986). Development of knowledge about the appearance-reality distinction. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 51(1, Serial no. 212). Fletcher, 1994, Measuring listening comprehension in adolescents with intellectual disability, Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 19, 53, 10.1080/07263869400035101 Frith, 1989, Autism and “Theory of Mind”, 33 Frith, 1994, Autism: Beyond “theory of mind”, Cognition, 50, 115, 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90024-8 Frith, 1983, Reading for meaning and reading for sound in autistic and dyslexic children, Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1, 329, 10.1111/j.2044-835X.1983.tb00906.x Fukukura, J., Ferguson, M., & Fujita, K. (2012, October). Psychological distance can improve decision making under information overload via gist memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology (Advance online publication). http://dx.doi.org/10/1037/a0030730. Gadgil, 2013, Differences in global and local level information processing in autism: An fMRI investigation, Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 213, 115, 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.02.005 Gallo, 2006 Gallo, 2010, False memories and fantastic beliefs: 15 Years of the DRM illusion, Memory & Cognition, 38, 833, 10.3758/MC.38.7.833 Gallo, 2001, Associative false recognition occurs without liberal criterion shifts, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8, 579, 10.3758/BF03196194 Gathercole, 1998, The development of memory, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, 3, 10.1017/S0021963097001753 Ghetti, 2008, The development of recollection and familiarity in childhood and adolescence: Evidence from the dual-process signal detection model, Child Development, 79, 339, 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01129.x Ghetti, 2002, False memories in children and adults: Age, distinctiveness, and subjective experience, Developmental Psychology, 38, 705, 10.1037/0012-1649.38.5.705 Gick, 1980, Analogical problem solving, Cognitive Psychology, 12, 306, 10.1016/0010-0285(80)90013-4 Gillott, 2007, Levels of anxiety and sources of stress in adults with autism, Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 11, 359, 10.1177/1744629507083585 Golan, 2007, The ‘Reading the Mind in the Voice’ test - revised: A study of complex emotion recognition in adults with and without autism spectrum conditions, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1096, 10.1007/s10803-006-0252-5 Goldstein, 2001, Attentional processes in autism, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31, 433, 10.1023/A:1010620820786 Gray, 1993, Social stories: Improving responses of students with autism with accurate social information, Focus on Autistic Behavior, 8, 1, 10.1177/108835769300800101 Green, 1966 Greenwald, 1998, Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The Implicit Association Test, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464, 10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1464 Griebling, 2010, Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex magnetic resonance imaging measurements and cognitive performance in autism, Journal of Child Neurology, 25, 856, 10.1177/0883073809351313 Happé, 1994, An advanced test of theory of mind: Understanding of story characters’ thoughts and feelings by able autistic, mentally handicapped, and normal children and adults, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 129, 10.1007/BF02172093 Happé, 1996, Studying weak central coherence at low levels: Children with autism do not succumb to visual illusions. A research note, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 37, 873, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01483.x Happé, 1997, Central coherence and theory of mind in autism: Reading homographs in context, British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 15, 1, 10.1111/j.2044-835X.1997.tb00721.x Happé, 2006, The weak central coherence account: Detail-focused cognitive style in autism spectrum disorders, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 5, 10.1007/s10803-005-0039-0 Happé, 2006, Time to give up on a single explanation for autism, Nature Neuroscience, 9, 1218, 10.1038/nn1770 Heaton, 1981 Henry, 2004, The effects of memory trace strength on eyewitness recall in children with and without intellectual disability, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 89, 53, 10.1016/j.jecp.2004.05.002 Hermelin, 1970 Hermelin, 1976, Coding and the sense modalities Hill, 2004, Evaluating the theory of executive dysfunction in autism, Developmental Review, 24, 189, 10.1016/j.dr.2004.01.001 Hill, 2002, Action memory and self-monitoring in children with autism: Self versus other, Infant and Child Development, 11, 159, 10.1002/icd.303 Hill, 2004, Does mentalising ability influence cooperative decision-making in a social dilemma? Introspective evidence from a study of adults with autism spectrum disorder, Journal of Consciousness Studies, 11, 144 Hirschfeld, 2007, Can autistic children predict behavior by social stereotypes?, Current Biology, 17, R451, 10.1016/j.cub.2007.04.051 Holliday, 1999, Children’s eyewitness suggestibility: Memory trace strength revisited, Cognitive Development, 14, 443, 10.1016/S0885-2014(99)00014-3 Holliday, 2005, Text comprehension after head injury: Missing the gist?, Brain and Language, 95, 74, 10.1016/j.bandl.2005.07.041 Holliday, 2000, Dissociating automatic and intentional processes in chidlren’s eyewitness memory, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 75, 1, 10.1006/jecp.1999.2521 Holyoak, 1984, Development of analogical problem-solving skill, Child Development, 55, 2042, 10.2307/1129778 Howe, 2011 Howe, 2011, Using story contexts to bias children’s true and false memories, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 108, 77, 10.1016/j.jecp.2010.06.009 Hughes, 1994, Evidence for executive dysfunction in autism, Neuropsychologia, 32, 477, 10.1016/0028-3932(94)90092-2 Jacoby, 1991, A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory, Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 513, 10.1016/0749-596X(91)90025-F Jolliffe, 1997, Are people with autism and Asperger syndrome faster than normal on the Embedded Figures Test?, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 527, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01539.x Kahneman, 1973, On the psychology of prediction, Psychological Review, 80, 237, 10.1037/h0034747 Kahneman, 1979, Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk, Econometrica, 47, 263, 10.2307/1914185 Kaland, 2008, Brief report: cognitive flexibility and focused attention in children and adolescents with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism as measured on the computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1161, 10.1007/s10803-007-0474-1 Kamio, 2007, Memory illusion in high-functioning autism and Asperger’s disorder, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 867, 10.1007/s10803-006-0214-y Kana, 2007, Inhibitory control in high functioning autism: Decreased activation and underconnectivity in inhibition networks, Biological Psychiatry, 62, 198, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.08.004 Karmiloff-Smith, 1985, Language and cognitive processes from a developmental perspective, Language and Cognitive Processes, 1, 60, 10.1080/01690968508402071 Karmiloff-Smith, 1998, Development itself is the key to understanding developmental disorders, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2, 389, 10.1016/S1364-6613(98)01230-3 Karmiloff-Smith, 2002, Elementary, my dear Watson, the clue is in the genes – Or is it?, Proceedings of the British Academy, 117, 525 Karmiloff-Smith, 2009, Nativism versus neuroconstructivism: Rethinking the study of developmental disorders, Developmental Psychology, 45, 56, 10.1037/a0014506 Kintsch, 1990, Sentence memory: A theoretical analysis, Journal of Memory & Language, 29, 133, 10.1016/0749-596X(90)90069-C Kleinhans, 2005, Executive functions in autism and Asperger’s disorder: Flexibility, fluency, and inhibition, Developmental Neuropsychology, 27, 379, 10.1207/s15326942dn2703_5 Koegel, 1973, Selective responding to the components of multiple visual cues by autistic children, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 15, 442, 10.1016/0022-0965(73)90094-5 Koldewyn, K., Jiang, Y. V., Weigelt, S., & Kanwisher, N. (2013). Global/local processing in autism: Not a disability, but a disinclination. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (Advance online publication). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1777-z. Koutstaal, 1997, Gist-based false recognition of pictures in older and younger adults, Journal of Memory and Language, 37, 555, 10.1006/jmla.1997.2529 Koutstaal, 1999, Reducing gist-based false recognition in older adults: Encoding and retrieval manipulations, Psychology and Aging, 14, 220, 10.1037/0882-7974.14.2.220 Krawczyk, 2008, Distraction during relational reasoning: The role of prefrontal cortex in interference control, Neuropsychologia, 46, 2020, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.02.001 Kühberger, 2010, Risky choice framing: Task version and a comparison of Prospect Theory and Fuzzy Trace Theory, Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 23, 314, 10.1002/bdm.656 Lampinen, 2006, Global gist extraction in children and adults, Memory, 14, 952, 10.1080/09658210601008957 Lampinen, 2005, Compelling untruths: Content borrowing and vivid false memories, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 31, 954 Lampinen, 2004, Robust recollection rejection in the memory conjunction paradigm, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 30, 332 Lampinen, 2006, Phantom ROC: Recollection rejection in a hybrid conjoint recognition signal detection model, Memory, 14, 655, 10.1080/09658210600648431 Landa, R., Martin, M., Minshew, N., & Goldstein, G. (1995). Discourse and abstract language ability in non-retarded individuals with autism. Paper presented at the biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Indianapolis, IN. Landa, 2000, Social language use in Asperger syndrome, high-functioning autism, 125 Lee, 2007, False memory and schizophrenia: evidence for gist memory impairment, Psychological Medicine, 37, 559, 10.1017/S0033291706009044 Leevers, 2000, Counterfactula syllogistic reasoning in normal 4-year-olds, children with learning disabilities, and children with autism, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 76, 64, 10.1006/jecp.1999.2542 Leichtman, 1995, The effects of stereotypes and suggestions on preschoolers’ report, Developmental Psychology, 31, 568, 10.1037/0012-1649.31.4.568 Liss, 2006, Sensory and attention abnormalities in autistic spectrum disorders, Autism, 10, 155, 10.1177/1362361306062021 Loftus, 1978, Semantic integration of verbal information into a visual memory, Human Learning and Memory, 4, 19, 10.1037/0278-7393.4.1.19 López, 2003, Do children with autism fail to process information in context?, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 44, 285, 10.1111/1469-7610.00121 López, 2008, How central is central coherence: Preliminary data exploring the link between conceptual and perceptual processing in children with autism, Autism, 12, 159, 10.1177/1362361307086662 Lopez, 2005, Examining the relationship between executive functions and restricted, repetitive symptoms of autistic disorder, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 445, 10.1007/s10803-005-5035-x Lord, 2004, Trajectory of language development in autism spectrum disorders Losh, 2003, Narrative ability in high-functioning children with autism or Asperger’s syndrome, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 239, 10.1023/A:1024446215446 Loveland, 1990, Narrative story telling in autism and Down’s syndrome, British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 8, 9, 10.1111/j.2044-835X.1990.tb00818.x Loveland, 1993, Narrative language in autism and the theory of mind hypothesis: A wider perspective, 267 Lucas, É. (1893/1960). In A. Blanchard (Trans.), Récréations mathématiques (Vol. 3). Paris: Gauthier-Villars. Luke, 2012, Decision-making difficulties experienced by adults with autism spectrum conditions, Autism, 16, 612, 10.1177/1362361311415876 Malmberg, 2005, The “one-shot” hypothesis for context storage, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 31, 322 Mandler, 1977, Remembrance of things parsed: Story structure and recall, Cognitive Psychology, 9, 111, 10.1016/0010-0285(77)90006-8 Matzen, 2011, Contributions of familiarity and recollection rejection to recognition: Evidence from the time course of false recognition for semantic and conjunction lures, Memory, 19, 1, 10.1080/09658211.2010.530271 Marche, 1995, Preschoolers report misinformation despite accurate memory, Developmental Psychology, 31, 554, 10.1037/0012-1649.31.4.554 McCabe, 2002, The effect of warnings on false memories in young and older adults, Memory & Cognition, 30, 1065, 10.3758/BF03194324 McCrory, 2007, Eye-witness memory and suggestibility in children with Asperger syndrome, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 482, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01715.x McDermott, 1996, The persistence of false memories in list recall, Journal of Memory & Language, 35, 212, 10.1006/jmla.1996.0012 McKenzie, 2010, Conditional reasoning in autism: Activation and integration of knowledge and belief, Developmental Psychology, 46, 391, 10.1037/a0017412 Memon, 2002, Eyewitness recognition errors: The effects of mugshot viewing and choosing in young and old adults, Memory and Cognition, 30, 1219, 10.3758/BF03213404 Miller, H. L., & Odegard, T. N. (2013). A developmental shift in the influence of narrative context affects gist processing in middle childhood (submitted for publication). Miller, H. L., Mosconi, M. W., Ragozzino, M., Cook, E., & Sweeney, J. A. (2013). Selective set-shifting impairments relate to repetitive behaviors in ASD (submitted for publication). Milne, 2002, High motion coherence thresholds in children with autism, Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 43, 255, 10.1111/1469-7610.00018 Minassian, 2007, Adults with autism show increased sensitivity to outcomes at low error rates during decision-making, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1279, 10.1007/s10803-006-0278-8 Minshew, 1993, Is autism an amnesic disorder? Evidence from the California Verbal Learning Test, Neuropsychology, 7, 209, 10.1037/0894-4105.7.2.209 Minshew, 2001, The pattern of intact and impaired memory functions in autism, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, 1095, 10.1111/1469-7610.00808 Minshew, 1992, Neuropsychological functioning in non-mentally retarded autistic individuals, Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 14, 749, 10.1080/01688639208402860 Minshew, 1994, Academic achievement in high-functioning autistic individuals, Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 16, 261, 10.1080/01688639408402637 Morgan, 2003, Weak central coherence, poor joint attention, and low verbal IQ: Independent deficits in early autism, Developmental Psychology, 39, 646, 10.1037/0012-1649.39.4.646 Morsanyi, 2010, Analogical reasoning ability in autistic and typically developing children, Developmental Science, 13, 578, 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00915.x Mottron, 1999, Local bias in autistic subjects as evidenced by graphic tasks: Perceptual hierarchization or working memory deficit?, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, 743, 10.1111/1469-7610.00490 Mottron, 2003, Locally oriented perception with intact global processing among adolescents with high-functioning autism: Evidence from multiple paradigms, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 904, 10.1111/1469-7610.00174 Mottron, 2006, Enhanced perceptual functioning in autism: An update, and eight principles of autistic perception, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 27, 10.1007/s10803-005-0040-7 Mottron, 2001, A study of memory functioning in individuals with autism, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 42, 253, 10.1111/1469-7610.00716 Müller-Lyer, F. C. (1889/1981). Optische Urteilstäuschungen. Archiv für Physiologie Abteilung, 2, 263–270 (Optical Illusions (R. H. Day & H. Knuth, Trans.) Perception, 10, 131–136). Navon, 1977, Forest before trees: The precedence of global features in visual perception, Cognitive Psychology, 9, 353, 10.1016/0010-0285(77)90012-3 Nemeth, 2010, Learning in autism: Implicitly superb, PLoS One, 5, 10.1371/journal.pone.0011731 Neuschatz, 2003, Effective warnings in the Deese–Roediger–McDermott false memory paradigm: The role of identifiablity, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 29, 35 Neuschatz, 2001, Assessing the effectiveness of warnings and the phenomenological characteristics of false memories, Memory, 9, 39, 10.1080/09658210042000076 Norbury, 2002, Inferential processing and story recall in children with communication problems: A comparison of specific language impairment, pragmatic language disorder, and high-functioning autism, International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 37, 227, 10.1080/13682820210136269 Odegard, 2009, Children’s eyewitness memory for multiple real-life events, Child Development, 80, 1877, 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01373.x Odegard, 2008, Attention to global gist processing eliminates age effects in false memories, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 99, 96, 10.1016/j.jecp.2007.08.007 Odegard, 2010, Developmental differences in the use of recognition memory rejection mechanisms, Developmental Psychology, 46, 691, 10.1037/a0019148 Odegard, 2005, Recollection rejection: Gist cuing of verbatim memory, Memory & Cognition, 33, 1422, 10.3758/BF03193375 Otgaar, 2010, Script knowledge enhances the development of children’s false memories, Acta Psychologica, 133, 57, 10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.09.002 Ozonoff, 2004, Performance on Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery subtests sensitive to frontal lobe function in people with autistic disorder: Evidence from the Collaborative Programs of Excellence in Autism Network, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 139, 10.1023/B:JADD.0000022605.81989.cc Ozonoff, 1994, A longitudinal study of executive function and theory of mind development in autism, Development and Psychopathology, 6, 415, 10.1017/S0954579400006027 Ozonoff, 1991, Executive function deficits in high-functioning autistic individuals: Relationship to theory of mind, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32, 1081, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00351.x Paulus, 1997, Long-range interactions in sequences of human behavior, Physical Review E, 55, 3249, 10.1103/PhysRevE.55.3249 Payne, 1996, Memory illusions: Recalling, recognizing, and recollecting events that never occurred, Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 261, 10.1006/jmla.1996.0015 Pearlman-Avinion, 2001, Narrative analysis in developmental, social, and linguistic pathologies: Dissociation between emotional and informational language use, Brain and Cognition, 48, 494 Pellicano, 2010, Individual differences in executive function and central coherence predict later understanding of mind in autism, Developmental Psychology, 46, 530, 10.1037/a0018287 Pellicano, 2012, When the world becomes ‘too real’: a Bayesian explanation of autistic perception, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16, 504, 10.1016/j.tics.2012.08.009 Pellicano, 2005, Central coherence in typically developing preschoolers: Does it cohere and does it relate to ToM and executive control?, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 533, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00380.x Pellicano, 2006, Multiple cognitive capabilities/deficits in children with an autism spectrum disorder: ‘Weak’ central coherence and its relationship to theory of mind and executive control, Development and Psychopathology, 18, 77, 10.1017/S0954579406060056 Pennington, 1996, Executive functions and developmental psychopathology, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 37, 51, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x Pennington, 1997, Validity tests of the executive dysfunction hypothesis of autism, 143 Perner, 1985, John thinks that Mary thinks that—attribution of 2nd-order beliefs by 5-year-old to 10-year-old children, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 39, 437, 10.1016/0022-0965(85)90051-7 Pierce, 2005, Comparing source-based and gist-based false recognition in aging and Alzheimer’s disease, Neuropsychology, 19, 411, 10.1037/0894-4105.19.4.411 Pijnacker, 2010, Exceptions and anomalies: An ERP study on context sensitivity in autism, Neuropsychologia, 48, 2940, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.06.003 Pijnacker, 2009, Defeasible reasoning in high-functioning adults with autism: Evidence for impaired exception-handling, Neuropsychologia, 47, 644, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.11.011 Pijnacker, 2009, Pragmatic inferences in high-functioning adults with autism and Asperger syndrome, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 607, 10.1007/s10803-008-0661-8 Plaisted, 2001, Reduced generalization in autism: An alternative to weak central coherence Plaisted, 1999, Children with autism show local precedence in a divided attention task and global precedence in a selective attention task, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, 733, 10.1111/1469-7610.00489 Ponnet, 2005, Empathic accuracy in adults with a pervasive developmental disorder during an unstructured conversation with a typically developing stranger, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 585, 10.1007/s10803-005-0003-z Premack, 1978, Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1, 515, 10.1017/S0140525X00076512 Raj, 2010, Cognitive processes supporting episodic memory formation in childhood: The role of source memory, binding, and executive functioning, Developmental Review, 30, 384, 10.1016/j.dr.2011.02.001 Rajendran, 2007, Cognitive theories of autism, Developmental Review, 27, 224, 10.1016/j.dr.2007.02.001 Ranganath, 2008, Implicit attitude generalization occurs immediately: Explicit attitude generation takes time, Psychological Science, 19, 249, 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02076.x Ratterman, 1998, More evidence for a relational shift in the development of analogy: Children’s performance on a causal mapping task, Cognitive Development, 13, 453, 10.1016/S0885-2014(98)90003-X Renner, 2000, Implicit and explicit memory in autism: Is autism an amnesic disorder?, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 3, 10.1023/A:1005487009889 Reyna, 2012, A new intuitionism: Meaning, memory, and development in fuzzy-trace theory, Judgment and Decision Making, 7, 332, 10.1017/S1930297500002291 Reyna, 1991, Fuzzy-trace theory and children’s acquisition of scientific and mathematical concepts, Learning and Individual Differences, 3, 27, 10.1016/1041-6080(91)90003-J Reyna, 1991, Fuzzy-trace theory and framing effects in choice: Gist extraction, truncation, and conversion, Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 4, 249, 10.1002/bdm.3960040403 Reyna, 1995, Fuzzy-trace theory: An interim synthesis, Learning and Individual Differences, 7, 1, 10.1016/1041-6080(95)90031-4 Reyna, 2008, Numeracy, ratio bias, and denominator neglect in judgments of risk and probability, Learning and Individual Differences, 18, 89, 10.1016/j.lindif.2007.03.011 Reyna, 2011, Dual processes in decision making and developmental neuroscience: A fuzzy-trace model, Developmental Review, 31, 180 Reyna, 1994, The origins of probability judgment: A review of data and theories, 239 Reyna, 2013, Developmental reversals in risky decision-making: Intelligence agents show larger decision biases than college students, Psychological Science Reyna, 2011, Neurobiological and memory models of risky decision making in adolescents versus young adults, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37, 1125 Reyna, 2006, Risk and rationality in adolescent decision-making: Implications for theory, practice, and public policy, Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 7, 1, 10.1111/j.1529-1006.2006.00026.x Reyna, 1994, The development of gist versus verbatim memory in sentence recognition: Effects of lexical familiarity, semantic content, encoding instruction, and retention interval, Developmental Psychology, 30, 178, 10.1037/0012-1649.30.2.178 Reyna, 1995, Children’s memory and metaphorical interpretation, Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 10, 309, 10.1207/s15327868ms1004_5 Reyna, 2007, Interference processes in fuzzy-trace theory: Aging, Alzheimer’s disease, and development, 185 Reyna, 2009, How numeracy influences risk comprehension and medical decision making, Psychological Bulletin, 135, 943, 10.1037/a0017327 Richland, 2006, Children’s development of analogical reasoning: Insights from scene analogy problems, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 94, 249, 10.1016/j.jecp.2006.02.002 Rincover, 1987, Variables influencing stimulus overselectivity and “tunnel vision” in developmentally delayed children, American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 91, 422 Rinehart, 2000, Atypical interference of local detail on global processing in high-functioning autism and Asperger’s disorder, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 769, 10.1111/1469-7610.00664 Rinehart, 2001, A deficit in shifting attention present in high functioning autism but not Asperger’s disorder, Autism, 5, 67, 10.1177/1362361301005001007 Rivers, 2008, Risk taking under the influence: A fuzzy-trace theory of emotion in adolescence, Developmental Review, 28, 107, 10.1016/j.dr.2007.11.002 Roberts, 2002, Children’s ability to distinguish between memories from multiple sources: Implications for the quality and accuracy of eyewitness statemetns, Developmental Review, 22, 403, 10.1016/S0273-2297(02)00005-9 Roediger, 1995, Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 21, 803 Roeyers, 2010, How impaired is mind-reading in high-functioning adolescents and adults with autism?, European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 7, 123, 10.1080/17405620903425924 Ropar, 2001, Susceptibility to illusions and performance on visuospatial tasks in individuals with autism, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, 539, 10.1111/1469-7610.00748 Rutherford, 2002, Reading the mind in the voice: A study with normal adults and adults with Asperger syndrome and high functioning autism, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 189, 10.1023/A:1015497629971 Schmid, 2010, Recall-to-reject: The effect of category cues on false recognition, Memory, 18, 863, 10.1080/09658211.2010.517756 Schneider, 2011, Memory development in childhood, 347 Scott, 1999, ‘If pigs could fly’: A test of counterfactual reasoning and pretence in children with autism, British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 17, 349, 10.1348/026151099165339 Scott, 1995, Decision-making style: The development and assessment of a new measure, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 55, 818, 10.1177/0013164495055005017 Senju, 2009, Mindblind eyes: An absence of spontaneous theory of mind in Asperger syndrome, Science, 325, 883, 10.1126/science.1176170 Shah, 1983, An islet of ability in autistic children: A research note, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 1354 Shah, 1993, Why do autistic individuals show superior performance on the block design task?, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 1351, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb02095.x Shing, 2011, The development of episodic memory: Lifespan lessons, Child Development Perspectives, 5, 148, 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2011.00170.x Siegel, 1996, Wechsler IQ profiles in diagnosis of high-functioning autism, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26, 389, 10.1007/BF02172825 Snowling, 1986, Comprehension in hyperlexic readers, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 42, 392, 10.1016/0022-0965(86)90033-0 Soulières, 2011, The level and nature of autistic intelligence II: What about Asperger Syndrome?, PLoS ONE, 6, e25372, 10.1371/journal.pone.0025372 Soulières, 2011, Category induction in autism: Slower, perhaps different, but certainly possible, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64, 311, 10.1080/17470218.2010.492994 Spencer, 2000, Motion processing in autism: Evidence for a dorsal stream deficiency, Neuroreport, 11, 2765, 10.1097/00001756-200008210-00031 Stadler, 1999, Norms for word lists that create false memories, Memory & Cognition, 27, 494, 10.3758/BF03211543 Stäubli, 1984, Hippocampal denervation causes rapid forgetting of olfactory information in rats, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 81, 5885, 10.1073/pnas.81.18.5885 Stroop, 1935, Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643, 10.1037/h0054651 Stuss, 2002 Sugrue, 2006, False memories produced by children and adults in the DRM paradigm, Applied Cognitive Psychology, 20, 625, 10.1002/acp.1214 Sumiyoshi, 2011, Impaired ability to organize information in individuals with autism spectrum disorders and their siblings, Neuroscience Research, 69, 252, 10.1016/j.neures.2010.11.007 Tager-Flusberg, 1986, The semantic deficit hypothesis of autistic children’s language, Australian Journal of Human Communication Disorders, 14, 51, 10.3109/asl2.1986.14.issue-1.04 Tager-Flusberg, 1991, Semantic processing in the free recall of autistic children: Further evidence for a cognitive deficit, British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9, 417, 10.1111/j.2044-835X.1991.tb00886.x Tager-Flusberg, 1993, What language reveals about the understanding of minds in children with autism, 138 Tager-Flusberg, 1995, Attributing mental states to story characters: A comparison of narratives produced by autistic and mentally retarded individuals, Applied Psycholinguistics, 16, 241, 10.1017/S0142716400007281 Thomas, 2005, Can developmental disorders reveal the component parts of the human language faculty?, Language Learning and Development, 1, 65, 10.1207/s15473341lld0101_5 Thompson, 1980, Margaret Thatcher: A new illusion, Perception, 9, 483, 10.1068/p090483 Thorndyke, 1977, Cognitive structure in comprehension and memory of narrative discourse, Cognitive Psychology, 9, 417, 10.1016/0010-0285(77)90005-6 Titcomb, 1995, Memory interference and misinformation effects, 263 Toglia, 1999, Recall accuracy and illusory memories: When more is less, Memory, 7, 233, 10.1080/741944069 Toichi, 2002, Long-term memory and levels-of-processing in autism, Neuropsychologia, 40, 964, 10.1016/S0028-3932(01)00163-4 Trabasso, 1985, Causal relatedness and importance of story events, Jounral of Memory and Language, 24, 595, 10.1016/0749-596X(85)90048-8 Trabasso, 1985, Causal thinking and representation of narrative events, Journal of Memory and Language, 24, 612, 10.1016/0749-596X(85)90049-X Tulving, 1983 Tun, 1998, Response latencies for false memories: Gist-based processes in normal aging, Psychology and Aging, 23, 230, 10.1037/0882-7974.13.2.230 Tversky, 1981, The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice, Science, 211, 453, 10.1126/science.7455683 Twachtman-Cullen, 1998, Language and communication in high-functioning autism and Asperger syndrome, 199 Verfaellie, 2004, Elevated false recognition in patients with frontal lobe damage is neither a general nor a unitary phenomenon, Neuropsychology, 18, 94, 10.1037/0894-4105.18.1.94 Viskontas, 2004, Relational integration, inhibition and analogical reasoning in older adults, Psychology and Aging, 19, 581, 10.1037/0882-7974.19.4.581 Vladusich, 2010, Prototypical category learning in high-functioning autism, Autism Research, 3, 226, 10.1002/aur.148 Watson, 2004, Attempting to avoid false memories in the Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm: Assessing the combined influence of practice and warnings in young and old adults, Memory & Cognition, 32, 135, 10.3758/BF03195826 Weber, 2009, Mindful judgment and decision making, Annual Reviews of Psychology, 60, 53, 10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163633 Wechsler, 1999 Wellman, 2001, Meta-analysis of Theory-of-Mind development: The truth about false belief, Child Development, 72, 655, 10.1111/1467-8624.00304 Wilhelm, 1976, Stimulus overselectivity: A common feature in autism and mental retardation, American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 81, 26 Williams, D. L., Goldstein, G., & Minshew, N. J. (2012, August). The modality shift experiment in adults and children with high functioning autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (Advance online publication). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1618-5. Williams, 2006, The profile of memory function in children with autism, Neuropsychology, 20, 21, 10.1037/0894-4105.20.1.21 Wimmer, 1983, Beliefs about beliefs: Representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children’s understanding of deception, Cognition, 13, 103, 10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 Witkin, 1971 Yonelinas, 1997, Recognition memory ROCs for item and associative information: The contribution of recollection and familiarity, Memory & Cognition, 25, 747, 10.3758/BF03211318 Yonelinas, 1996, Noncriterial recollection: Familiarity as automatic, irrelevant recollection, Consciousness and Cognition, 5, 131, 10.1006/ccog.1996.0008 Zelazo, 2003, Development of executive function, Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 68, 11, 10.1111/j.0037-976X.2003.00261.x