Eutrophication of freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems a global problem

Ahl T, Wiederholm T (1977): Swedish water quality criteria. Chemicals causing eutrophication. SNV PM 918, Stockholm, Sweden. 124 pp

Aizaki M, Terashima A, Nakahara H, Nishio T, Ishida Y (1987): Trophic status of Tilitso, a high altitude Himalayan lake. Hydrobiologia 153, 217–224

An K-G, Jones JR (2002): Reservoir responses to the Asian monsoon with an emphasis on longitudinal gradients. J Freshwat Ecol 17, 151–160

An K-G, Jones JR (2000): Factors regulating bluegreen dominance in a reservoir directly influenced by the Asian monsoon. Hydrobiologia 432, 37–8

Barica J (1978): Collapses of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae blooms resulting in massive fish kills in eutrophic lakes: effect of weather. Verh Internat Verein Limnol 20, 208–213

Basu BK, Pick FR (1996): Factors regulating phytoplankton and Zooplankton biomass in temperate rivers. Limnol Oceanogr 41, 1572–1577

Behrendt H (1993): Point and diffuse loads of selected pollutants in the River Rhein and its main tributaries. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) working paper, Index No RR-93-001, Laxenburg, Austria

Bennett EM, Carpenter SR, Caraco NF (2001): Human impact on erodable phosphorus and eutrophication: A global perspective. BioScience 51, 227–234

Bertolo A, Lescher-Moutoué F, Lacroix G (2001): Interaction effects of depth and planktivorous fish on plankton biomass. Verh Internat Verein Theor Angew Limnol 27, 1747–1751

Bhade C, Unnit KS, Bhade S (2001): Limnology and eutrophication of Tawa Reservoir, MP State, India Verh Internat Verein Theor Angew Limnol 27, 3632–3635

Biggs BJF (2000): Eutrophication of streams and rivers: dissolved nutrient-chlorophyll relationships for benthic algae. J N Amer Benthol Soc 19, 17–31

Billen G, Garner J, Hanset P (1994): Modelling phytoplankton development in whole drainage networks: the RIVERSTRAHLER Model applied to the Scine river system. Hydrobiologia 289, 119–137

Boesch DF, Burroughs RH, Baker JE, Mason RP, Rowe CL, Siefert RL (2001): Marine pollution in the United States: Significant accomplishments, future challenges. Pew Oceans Commission, Arlington, VA, USA. p 137

Borchardt MA (1996): Nutrients, p 183–227. In: RJ Stevenson, ML Bothwell, and RL Lowe, Eds, Algal Ecology: Freshwater Benthic Ecosystems. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA

Borum J (1996): Shallow waters and land/sea boundaries, p 179- 203. In: BB Jörgensen and K Richardson, Eds, Eutrophication in Coastal Marine Ecosystems, Coastal and Marine Studies 52. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, USA

Boynton WR, Murray L, Hagy JD, Stokes C, Kemp MR (1996): A comparative analysis of eutrophication patterns in a temperate coastal lagoon. Estuaries 19(2B), 408–421

Bowen JL, Valiela I (2001): The ecological effects of urbanization of coastal watersheds: historical increases in nitrogen loads and eutrophication of Waquoit Bay estuaries. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 58, 1489–1500

Brezonik PL, Bierman VJ, Jr, Alexander RA, Anderson J, Barko J, Dortch M, Hatch L, Keeney D, Mulla D, Smith VH, Walker C, Whitledge T, Wiseman W, Jr (1999): Effects of reducing nutrient loads to surface waters within the Mississippi River basin and the Gulf of Mexico. Topic #4, Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Assessment. NOAA Coastal Ocean Program Decision Analysis Series, NOAA Coastal Ocean Office, Silver Springs, MD, USA

Brown CD, Hoyer MV, Bachmann RW, Canfield DE, Jr (2000): Nutrient-chlorophyll relationships: an evaluation of empirical nutrient-chlorophyll models using Florida and north-temperate lake data. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 57: 1574–1583

Brunner U, Bachofen R (1998): The biogeochemical cycles of phosphorus: a review of local and global consequences of the atmospheric input. Technol Environ Chem 67, 171–188

Canfield DE, Jr (1983): Prediction of chlorophyll a concentrations in Florida lakes: the importance of phosphorus and nitrogen. Water Resources Bull 19, 255–262

Canfield DE, Jr, Bachmann RW (1981): Prediction of total phosphorus concentrations, chlorophyll a, and Secchi depths in natural and artificial lakes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 38, 414–423

Canfield DE, Jr, Langeland KA, Maceina MJ et al. (1983): Trophic state classification of lakes with aquatic macrophytes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 40, 1713–1718

Canfield DE, Jr Phlips, E, Duarte CM (1989): Factors influencing the abundance of blue-green algae in Florida lakes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 46, 1132–1237

Caraco NF (1995): Influence of human populations on P transfers to aquatic ecosystems: A regional scale study using large rivers. In: H Tiessen, Ed, Phosphorus in the Global Environment. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, p 235–244

Carlson RE (1991): Expanding the trophic state concept to identify non-nutrient limited lakes and reservoirs, p 59–71. In: Enhancing the States’ Lake Management Programs. Monitoring and Lake Impact Assessment. North American Lake Management Society, Madison, WI, USA

Carlson RE (1977): A trophic state index for lakes. Limnol Oceanogr 22, 361–369

Carlson RE, Simpson JT (1998): A coordinator’s guide to volunteer lake monitoring methods. North American Lake Management Society, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

Carmichael WW (1997): The cyanotoxins. Adv Bot Res 37, 211–256

Carney E (2002): The Kansas wetland survey, p 6. In: Central Plains Aquatic Bioassessment and Biocriteria Symposium, 18–19 September 2002, Lawrence, KS, USA (abstract)

Carney E (2001): Lake and wetland monitoring program report. Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Division of Environment, Bureau of Field Services, Topeka, KS, USA

Carpenter SR (2002): Ecological futures: Building an ecology of the long now. Ecology 83, 2069–2083

Carpenter SR, Kitchell JF, Eds (1993): The trophic cascade in lakes. Cambridge, UK

Carpenter SR, Ludwig D, Brock WA (1999): Management of eutrophication for lakes subject to potentially irreversible change. Ecol Appl 9, 751–771

Carpenter SR, Caraco NF, Correll DL, Howarth RW, Sharpley AN, Smith VH (1998a): Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecol Appl 8, 559–568

Carpenter SR, Bolgrien D, Lathrop RC, Stow CA, Reed T, Wilson MA (1998b): Ecological and economic analysis of lake eutrophication by nonpoint pollution. Australian J Ecol 23, 68–79

Carpenter SR, Christensen DL, Cole JJ, Cottingham KL, He X, Hodgson JR, Kitchell JF, Knight SE, Pace ML, Post DM, Schindler DE, Voichick N (1995): Biological control of eutrophication. Environ Sci Technol 29, 784–786

Champion M, Currie DJ (2000): Phosphorus-chlorophyll relationships in lakes, rivers and estuaries. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 27, 1986–1989

Chételat J, Pick FR, Morin A, Hamilton PB (1999): Periphyton bio-mass and community composition in rivers of different trophic status. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 56, 560–569

Chang WYB (2002): Chinese great lakes: their changes and impacts. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 28, 307–310

Chorus I, Ed (2001): Cyanotoxins: Occurrence, causes, consequences. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany

Chorus I, Bartram J, Eds (1999): Toxic cyanobacteria in water—A guide to their public health consequences. E and FN Spon, London, England

Chow-Fraser P, Trew DO, Findlay D, Stainton M (1994): A test of the hypothesis to explain the sigmoid relationships between total phosphorus and chlorophyll concentrations in Canadian lakes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 51, 2052–2065

Cole JJ, Peierls BL, Caraco NF, Pace ML (1993): Nitrogen loading of rivers as a human-driven process, p 141–157. In: MJ McDonnell and STA Pickett, Eds, Humans as Components of Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag, New York, USA

Cooke GD, Kennedy RH (2001): Managing drinking water supplies. J Lake Reservoir Manage 17, 157–174

Cooke GD, Welch EB, Peterson SA, Newroth PR (1993): Restoration and manangement of lakes and reservoirs. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida, USA

Contreras F, Kerekes J (1993): Total phosphorus-chlorophyll relationships in tropical coastal lagoons in Mexico. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 25, 448–451

Corrales RA, Maclean JL (1995): Impacts of harmful algae on seafarming in the Asia-Pacific areas. J Appl Phycol 7, 151–162

Correll DL (1998): The role of phosphorus in the eutrophication of receiving waters: A review. J Environ Quality 27, 261–266

Cottingham KL, Knight SE (1995): Effects of Daphnia on the response of mesotrophic lakes to experimental enrichment. Wat Sci Technol 32, 157–163

Crosbie B, Chow-Fraser P (1999): Percentage land use in the watershed determines the water and sediment quality of 22 marshes in the Great Lakes Basin. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 56, 1781–1791

Danielidis DB, Spartinou M, Economou-Amilli A (1996): Limnological survey of Lake Amvrakia, western Greece. Hydrobiologia 318, 207–218

Davis JR, Ed (1997): Managing algal blooms: Outcomes from CSIRO’s multi-divisional blue-green algal program. CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia

de Bernardi R, Calderoni A, Mosello R (1996): Environmental problems in Italian lakes, and lakes Maggiore and Orta as successful examples of correct management leading to restoration. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 26, 123–138

Dickman MD, Pu PM, Zheng CS (2001): Some consequences of hypereutrophication and wind-induced mixing for the limnology of Lake Tai in eastern China. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 27, 3669–3673

Dillon PJ, Rigler FH (1974): The phosphorus-chlorophyll relationship in lakes. Limnol Oceanogr 19, 767–773

Dodds WK (1996): Assessment of blue-green algal toxins in Kansas. Kansas Water Resources Research Institute Report G2020-02. Contribution 320, University of Kansas and Kansas State University, 36 pp

Dodds WK, Jones JR, Welch EB (1998): Suggested classification of stream trophic state: Distributions of temperate stream types by chlorophyll, total nitrogen, and phosphorus. Water Res 32, 1455–1462

Dodds WK, Smith VH, Lohman K (2002): Nitrogen and phosphorus relationships to benthic algal biomass in temperate streams. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 59, 865–874

Dodds WK, Smith VH, Zander B (1997): Developing nutrient targets to control benthic chlorophyll levels in streams: A case study of the Clark Fork River. Water Research 31, 1838–1750

Dodds W K, Welch EB (2000): Establishing nutrient criteria in streams. J N Amer Benthol Soc 19, 186–196

Dokulil MT (1994): Environmental control of phytoplankton productivity in turbulent turbid systems. Hydrobiologia 289, 65–72

Downing JA, McCauley E (1992): The nitrogen:phosphorus relationship in lakes. Limnol Oceanogr 37, 936–945

Downing JA, Watson SB, McCauley E (2001): Predicting Cyanobacteria dominance in lakes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 58, 1905–1908

Duggan IC, Green JD, Thomasson K (2001): Do rotifers have potential as bioindicators of lake trophic state? Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 27, 3497–3502

Elmgren R, Larsson U (2001): Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea area: Integrated coastal management issues, p 15–35. In: B von Bodungen and RK Turner, Eds, Science and Integrated Coastal Management, Dahlem University Press, Berlin, Germany

Eloranta P (2000): Use of littoral algae in lake monitoring, p 97–104. In: P Heinonen, Z Giuliano, and A Van der Beken, Eds, Hydrological and Limnological Aspects of Lake Monitoring. Wiley and Sons, Ltd, West Sussex, England

Elser JJ (1999): The pathway to noxious cyanobacterial blooms in lakes: the food web as the final turn. Freshwat Biol 42, 1–7

Faafeng B, Hessen DO (1993): Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and N:P ratios in Norwegian Lakes: perspectives on nutrient limitation. Verh Int Verein Theor Angew Limnol 25, 465–469

Ferris JM, Tyler PA (1985): Chlorophyll-Total phosphorus relationships in Lake Burragorang, New South Wales, and some other Southern Hemisphere lakes. Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 36, 157–168

Forsberg C, Ryding S-0 (1980): Eutrophication parameters and trophic state indices in 30 Swedish waste-receiving lakes. Arch Hydrobiol 89, 189–207

Francoeur SN (2001): Meta-analysis of lotic nutrient amendment experiments: detecting and quantifying subtle responses. J N Amer Benthol Soc 20, 358–368

Fulton RS, Paerl HW (1987): Toxic and inhibitory effects of the blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa on herbivorous zooplankton. J Plankton Res 9, 837–855

Fukushima T, Muraoka K (1988): Simple model to predict water quality in 90 Japanese lakes. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 23, 812–827

Gophen M, Smith VH, Nishri A, Threlkeld ST (1999): Nitrogen deficiency, phosphorus sufficiency, and the invasion of Lake Kinneret, Israel, by the N2-fixing cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon ovalisporum. Aquat Sci 61, 293–306

Gulati RD, Lammens EHRR, Meijer J-L, van Donk E, Eds (1990): Biomanipulation - Tool for Water Management. Kluwer, Belgium

Ha K, Kim HW, Joo GJ (1998): The phytoplankton succession in the lower part of hypertrophie Nakdong River (Mulgum), South Korea. Hydrobiologia 253, 1–11

Håkanson L (1994): A review of effect-dose-sensitivity models for aquatic ecosystems. Int Rev Ges Hydrobiol 79, 621–667

Håkanson L, Wallin M (1991): An outline of ecometric analysis to establish load diagrams for nutrients/eutrophication. Environ-metrics 2, 49–68

Hall J, Cox N (1995): Nutrient concentrations as predictors of nuisance Hydrodictyon reticulatum populations in New Zealand. J Aquat Plant Manage 3, 68–74

Hall J, Payne G (1997): Factors controlling the growth of field populations of Hydrodictyon reticulatum in New Zealand. J Appl Ecol 9, 229–236

Hansson L-A, Annadotter H, Bergman E et al. (1998): Biomanipulation as an application of food chain theory: constraints, synthesis and recommendations for temperate lakes. Ecosystems 1, 558–574

Harding WR (1992): A contribution to the knowledge of South African coastal vleis: the limnology and phytoplankton periodicity of Princess Vlei, Cape Peninsula. Water SA 18, 121–130

Harper DM, Stewart WDP (1987): The effects of land use upon water chemistry, particularly nutrient enrichment, in shallow lowland lakes: comparative studies of three lochs in Scotland. Hydrobiologia 148, 211–229

Harper DM, Phillips G, Chilvers A, Kitalka N, Mavuti K (1993): Eutrophication prognosis for Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 25, 861–865

Havens KE, Walker WW, Jr (2002): Development of a total phosphorus concentration goal in the TMDL process for Lake Okeechobee, Florida (USA). J Lake Reservoir Manage 18, 227–238

Hawser SP, O’Neil JM, Roman MR, Codd GA (1992): Toxicity of blooms of the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium to Zooplankton. J Appl Phycol 4, 79–86

Hecky RE (1993): The eutrophication of Lake Victoria. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 25, 39–8

Heinonen P, Guiliano Z, Premazzi G (2000): Use and impact of monitoring results for water protection management, p 351–363. In: P Heinonen, Z Giuliano, and A Van der Beken, Eds, Hydrological and Limnological Aspects of Lake Monitoring. Wiley and Sons, Ltd, West Sussex, England

Heiskary S, Markus H (2001): Establishing relationships among nutrient concentrations, phytoplankton abundance, and biochemical oxygen demand in Minnesota, USA, rivers. Lake Reservoir Manage 17, 251–262

Hervé S (2000): Chemical variables in lake monitoring, p 41–54. In: P Heinonen, Z Giuliano, and A Van der Beken, Eds, Hydrological and Limnological Aspects of Lake Monitoring. Wiley and Sons, Ltd, West Sussex, England

Hessen DO, Vadstein O, Magnusson J (1992): Nitrogen to Marine Areas: on the Application of a Critical Load Concept. Background document to the workshop ’Critical Loads for Nitrogen’ in Loekeberg, Sweden, 6–10 April 1992. Environment Canada and Nordic Council of Ministers, NORD, 1992, 41. 33 pp

Hobbie JE, Ed (2000): Estuarine science: A synthetic approach to research and practice. Island Press, Washington, DC

Horner RR, Welch EB, Seeley MR, Jacoby JM (1990): Réponses of periphyton to changes in current velocity, suspended sediment and phosphorus concentration. Freshwat Biol 24, 215–232

Howarth RW (1993): The role of nutrients in coastal waters, p 177–202. In: Managing wastewater in coastal urban areas. Report from the National Research Council on Wastewater Management for Coastal Urban Areas. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA

Howarth RW, Anderson D, Cloern J, Elfring C, Hopkinson C, Lapointe B, Malone T, Marcus N, McGlathery K, Sharpley A, Walker; D (2000): Nutrient pollution of coastal rivers, bays, and seas. Issues in Ecology 7, Ecological Society of America, Washington, DC, USA

Hoyer MV, Jones JR (1983): Factors affecting the relation between phosphorus and chlorophyll a in midwestern reservoirs. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 40, 192–199

Hrbácek J, Desortová B, Popovský J (1978): Influence of the fishstock on the phosphorus-chlorophyll ratio. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 20, 1624–1628

Istvánovics V, Somlyódy L (1999): Load-response relationships in the Upper Kis-Balaton Reservoir—The role of spatial variability. Freshwat Biol 41, 1–19

Janicki AJ (2001): TMDL’s in the Tampa Bay estuary. ERF Newsletter 24(2), 14. Estuarine Research Foundation, Port Republic, MD, USA

Jensen JP, Jeppesen E, Olrik K, Kristensen P (1994): Impact of nutrients and physical factors on the shift from cyanobacterial to chlorophyte dominance in shallow Danish lakes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 51, 1692–1699

Jones G (1997): Limnological study of cyanobacterial growth in three south-east Queensland reservoirs, p 51–66. In: JR Davis, Ed, Managing Algal Blooms: Outcomes from CSIRO’s Multi-divisional Blue-green Algal Program. CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia

Jones JR, Bachmann RW (1976): Prediction of phosphorus and chlorophyll levels in lakes. J Water Pollut Control Fed 48, 2176–2182

Jones JR, Knowlton MF, Kaiser MS (1998): Effects of aggregation on chlorophyll-phosphorus relations in Missouri reservoirs. Lake Reservoir Manage 14, 1–9

Jones JR, Knowlton MF, An K-G (1997): Developing a paradigm to study and model the eutrophication process in Korean reservoirs. Korean J Limnology 30(Suppl), 463–471

Jones JR, Knowlton MF, Swar DB (1989): Limnological reconnais- sance of waterbodies in central and southern Nepal. Hydrobiologia 184, 171–189

Jones JR, Lohman K, Umaña VG (1993): Water chemistry and trophic state of eight lakes in Costa Rica. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 25, 899–905

Jones JR, Perkins BD, Witt A, Jr, Kaiser MS, Thamasara S, Siriworakul M, Benyasut P (2000): Limnological characteristics of some reservoirs in Thailand. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 27, 2158–2166

Jones RA, Rast W, Lee GF (1979): Relationships between summer mean and maximum chlorophyll a concentrations in lakes. Env Sci Technol 13, 869–870

Jones RC (2000): Long-term trends in phytoplankton chlorophyll a in the tidal freshwater Potomac River, USA: Relationship to climatic and management factors. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 27, 2959–2962

Kann J, Smith VH (1999): Estimating the probability of exceeding elevated pH values critical to fish populations in a hypereutrophic lake. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 56, 1–9

Kaul V (1977): Limnological survey of Kashmir lakes with reference to trophic status and conservation. Int J Ecol Envir Sci 3, 19–44

Kauppi L, Pietiläinen O-P, Knuuttila S (1993): Impacts of agricultural nutrient loading on Finnish watercourses. Water Sci Technol 28, 461–471

Kebede E, G-Mariam Z, Ahlgren I (1994): The Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes: chemical characteristics of a salinity-alkalinity series. Hydrobiologia 288, 1–12

Klemer AR, Konopka A (1989): Causes and consequences of blue-green algal (cyanobacterial) blooms. Lake Reservoir Manage 5,9–199

Köhler J, Gelbrecht J (1998): Interactions between phytoplankton dynamics and nutrient supply along the lowland river Spree, Germany. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 26, 1045–1049

Kopácek J, Stuchlík E, Vyhnálek V, Závodský D (1996): Concentration of nutrients in selected lakes in the High Tatra Mountains, Slovakia: effect of season and watershed. Hydrobiologia 319, 47–55

Krewer JA, Holm HW (1982): The phosphorus-chlorophyll a relationship in periphytic communities in a controlled ecosystem. Hydrobiologia 94, 173–176

Lacroix G, Lescher-Moutoué C, Pourriot R (1996): Trophic interactions, nutrient supply, and structure of freshwater pelagic food webs, p 162–179. In: M Hochberg, J Clobert, and R Barbault, Eds, Aspects in the Genesis and Maintenance of Biological Diversity. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK

Lathrop RC, Carpenter SR, Stow CA, Soranno PA, Panuska JC (1998): Phosphorus loading reductions needed to control blue-green algal blooms in Lake Mendota. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 55, 1169–1178

Lee GF, Jones RA (1981): Application of the OECD eutrophication modeling approach to estuaries, p 549–568. In: BJ Nielson and LE Cronin, Eds, Estuaries and nutrients. Humana Press, Clifton, NJ, USA

Lohman K, Jones JR (1999): Nutrient-sestonic chlorophyll relations in northern Ozark streams. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 56, 124–130

Lund MA (1998): Are Australian wetlands less productive than Northern Hemisphere wetlands under the same nutrient conditions? Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 27, 1661–1665

Lund JWG (1970): Primary production. Wat Treat Exam 19, 332–358

Matson PA, Parton WJ, Power AG, Swift MJ (1997): Agricultural intensification and ecosystem properties. Science 277, 504–509

Mazumder A (1994a): Phosphorus-chlorophyll relationships under contrasting herbivory and thermal stratification: Patterns and predictions. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 51, 390–400

Mazumder A (1994b): Patterns of algal biomass in dominant oddversus even-link lake ecosystems. Ecology 75, 1141–1149

Mazumder A, Havens KE (1998): Nutrient-algae relationships in temperate and tropical lakes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 55, 1652–1662

McBride GB, Pridmore RD (1988): Prediction of [chlorophyll-a] in impoundments of short hydraulic residence time: mixing effects. Verh Int Verh Theor Angew Limnol 23, 832–836

McCauley E, Downing JA, Watson S (1989): Sigmoid relationships between nutrients and chlorophyll among lakes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 46, 1171–1175

Meeuwig JJ, Rasmussen JB, Peters RH (1998): Turbid waters and clarifying mussels: Their moderation of Chl, nutrient relations in estuaries. Mar Ecol Progr Ser 171, 139–150

McGarrigle ML (1993): Aspects of river eutrophication in Ireland. Annals Limnol 29, 355–364

Meeuwig JJ, Kauppila P, Pitkänen H (2000): Predicting coastal eutrophication in the Baltic: a limnological approach. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 57, 844–855

Mitrovic SM, Hawkins PR, Bowling LC, Buckney RT, Cheng DMH (2000): Low nitrate concentrations in a tidally mixed river coincide with replacement of chlorophytes by the cyanophyte Microcystis. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 27, 924–929

Moss B, Hooker I, Balls H, Manson K (1989): Phytoplankton distribution in a temperate floodplain lake and river system. I. Hydrology, nutrient sources and phytoplankton biomass. J Plankton Res 11, 813–835

Moss B, Balls H (1989): Phytoplankton distribution in a temperate floodplain lake and river system. II. Seasonal changes in the phytoplankton communities and their control by hydrology and nutrient availability. J Plankton Res 11, 836–867

Moss B, Madgewick J, Phillips G (1996): A guide to the restoration of nutrient-enriched shallow lakes. Broads Authority, Norwich, UK. 180 pp

Myers N (1995): Environmental unknowns. Science 269, 358–360

Nicholls KH, Dillon PJ (1978): An evaluation of phosphorus-chlo-rophyll-phytoplankton relationships for lakes. Int Revue ges Hydrobiol 63, 144–154

National Research Council (2000): Clean coastal waters: Understanding and predicting the effects of nutrient pollution. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA

Nielsen SL, Sand-Jensen K, Borum J, Geertz-Hansen O (2002): Phytoplankton, nutrients, and transparency in Danish coastal waters. Estuaries 25, 930–937

Nürnberg G (1996): Trophic state of clear and colored, soft-and hardwater lakes with special consideration of nutrients, anoxia, phytoplankton and fish. Lake Reservoir Manage 12, 432–447

OECD (1982): Eutrophication of waters: Monitoring, assessment and control. Organisation for Economic and Cooperative Development, Paris, France

Paerl HW (1988): Nuisance phytoplankton blooms in coastal, es-tuarine, and inland waters. Limnol Oceanogr 33, 823–847

Paerl HW, Mallin M, Rudek J, Bates P (1990): The potential for eutrophication and nuisance algal blooms in the lower Neuse River, NC. Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine Study Report 90-15. North Carolina Natural Resources and Community Development, Raleigh, NC

Petersen JE, Chen CC, Kemp WM (1997): Scaling aquatic primary productivity: experiments under nutrient- and light-limited conditions. Ecology 78, 2326–2338

Phlips EJ, Aldridge FJ, Hansen P, Zima PV, Ihnat J, Conroy M, Ritter P (1993): Spatial and temporal variability of trophic state parameters in a shallow subtropical lake (Lake Okeechobee, Florida, USA). Arch Hydrobiol 128, 437–458

Piyasiri S (2001): Increasing eutrophy in Kotmale Reservoir, Sri Lanka: A 5-year study. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 27, 3604–3607

Portielje R, Van der Molen TT (1999): Relationships between eutrophication variables: from nutrient loading to transparency. Hydrobiologia 408/409, 375–387

Postel SL, Carpenter SR (1997): Freshwater ecosystem services, p 195–214. In: G Daily, Ed, Nature’s services. Island Press, Washington, DC, USA

Prairie YT, Duarte CM, Kalff J (1989): Unifying nutrient-chlorophyll relationships in lakes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 46, 1176–1182

Pridmore RD, Vant TO, Rutherford JC (1985): Chlorophyll-nutrient relationships in North Island lakes (New Zealand). Hydrobiologia 131, 181–189

Proulx M, Pick FR, Mazumder A, Hamilton PB, Lean DRS (1996): Effects of nutrients and planktivorous fish on the phytoplankton of shallow and deep aquatic systems. Ecology 77, 1556–1572

Prygiel J, Leitao M (1994): Cyanophycean blooms in the reservoir Val Joly (Northern France) and their development in downstream rivers. Hydrobiologia 289, 85–96

Quirós R (1998): Trophic cascade effects in a continous series of temperate-subtropical waterbodies. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 26, 2315–2319

Quirós R (1991): Empirical relationships between nutrients, phyto and Zooplankton, and relative fish biomass in lakes and reservoirs of Argentina. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 24, 1198–1206

Quirós R (1990): Factors related to variance in residuals in chlorophyll-phosphorus regressions in lakes and reservoirs of Argentina. Hydrobiologia 200/201, 343–355

Rabelais N, Nixon SW, Eds (2002): Dedicated issue. Nutrient over-enrichment in coastal waters: Global patterns of cause and effect. Estuaries 25(4b), 639–900

Rask M, Olin M, Horppila J, Lehtovaara A, Väisänen A, Ruuhiärvi J, Sammalkorpi I (2002): Zooplankton and fish communities in Finnish lakes of different trophic status: responses to eutrophication. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 28, 396–401

Reckhow KH, Chapra SC (1983): Engineering Approaches for Lake Management. Vol 1, Data Analysis and Empirical Modeling. Butterworth, Boston, MA, USA

Rekolainen S, Pitkänen H, Bleeker A, Felix S (1995): Nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes from Finnish agricultural areas to the Baltic Sea. Nordic Hydrol 26, 55–72

Reynolds CS (1997): Vegetative processes in the pelagic: A model for ecosystem study. Ecology Institute, Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany. 371 pp

Reynolds CS (1994): Are phytoplankton dynamics in rivers so different from those in shallow lakes? Hydrobiologia 289, 1–7

Richardson K (1996): Conclusion, research and eutrophication control, p 243–267. In: BB Jørgensen and K Richardson, Eds, Eutrophication in Coastal Marine Ecosystems, Volume 52, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, USA

Sakamoto M (1966): Primary production by phytoplankton in some Japanese lakes and its dependence on lake depth. Arch Hydrobiol 62, 1–28

Salas HJ, Martino P (1991): A simplified phosphorus trophic state model for warm-water tropical lakes. Water Research 25, 341–350

Sarvala J, Helminen H, Karjalainen J (2000): Restoration of Finnish lakes using fish removal: changes in the chlorophyll-phos-phorus relationship indicate multiple controlling mechanisms. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 27, 1473–1479

Sas H (1989): Lake restoration by reduction of nutrient loading: Expectations, experiences, extrapolations. Academia Verlag, Richarz, St. Augustin, Germany

Scheffer M (1998): Ecology of shallow lakes. Chapman and Hall, London, UK

Scheffer M, Hosper H, Meijer M-L, Moss B, Jeppesen E (1993): Alternative equilibria in shallow lakes. Trends Ecol Evol 8, 260–262

Schindler DW (1981): Studies of eutrophication in lakes and their relevance to the estuarine environment, p 71–82. In: BJ Nielson and LE Cronin, Eds, Estuaries and Nutrients. Humana Press, Clifton, NJ, USA

Schindler DW (1977): Evolution of phosphorus limitation in lakes. Science 195, 260–262

Schmidt A (1994): Main characteristics of the phytoplankton of the Southern Hungarian section of the River Danube. Hydrobiologia 289, 97–108

Schramm W (1999): Factors influencing seaweed responses to eutrophication: some results from EU-project EUMAC. J Appl Phycol 11, 69–78

Scip KL (1994): Phosphorus and nitrogen limitation of algal biomass across trophic gradients. Aquat Sci 56, 16–28

Scip KL, Jeppesen E, Jensen JP, Faafeng B (2000): Is trophic state or regional location the strongest determinant for Chl-a/TP relationships in lakes? Aquat Sci 62, 195–204

Seip KL, Sas H, Vemij S (1992): Nutrient-chlorophyll trajectories across trophic gradients. Aquat Sci 54, 58–76

Scip KL, Ibrekk H (1988): Regression equations for lake management—how far do they go? Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 23, 778–785

Scip KL, Satoh T (1984): The impact of nutrient load on total biomass and species succession in Lake Suwa, Japan. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 22, 1142–1149

Sharp JH (2001): Marine and aquatic communities, stress from eutrophication, p 1–11. In: Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, volume 4. Academic Press, New York, USA

Shapiro J (1989): Current beliefs regarding dominance by blue-greens: The case for the importance of CO2 and pH. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 24, 38–54

Shapiro J, Lamarra V, Lynch M (1975): Biomanipulation: an ecosystem approach to lake restoration, p 85–96. In: PL Brezonik and JL Fox, Eds, Proceedings of a Symposium on Water Quality Management through Biological Control. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

Sims JT, Simard RR, Joern BC (1998): Phosphorus loss in agricultural drainage: Historical perspective and current research. J Environ Quality 27, 277–297

Sivonen K (2000): Toxic cyanobacteria, p 81–96. In: P Heinonen, Z Giuliano, and A Van der Beken, Eds, Hydrological and Limnological Aspects of Lake Monitoring. Wiley and Sons, Ltd, West Sussex, England

Søndergaard M, Jeppesen E, Jensen JP, Lauridsen T (2000): Lake restoration in Denmark. Lakes Reserv Res Manage 5, 151–159

Smith VH (2001): Blue-green algae in eutrophic fresh waters. LakeLine 21(1), 34–37

Smith VH (1998): Cultural eutrophication of inland, estuarine, and coastal waters, p 7–49. In: ML Pace and PM Groffman, Eds, Successes, Limitations and Frontiers in Ecosystem Science, Springer-Verlag, New York, USA

Smith VH (1990a): Phytoplankton responses to eutrophication in inland waters, p 231-249. In: I. Akatsuka, Ed, An Introduction to Applied Phycology. SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam

Smith VH (1990b): Effects of nutrients and non-algal turbidity on blue-green algal biomass in North Carolina reservoirs. Lake Reservoir Manage 6, 125–131

Smith VH, Sieber-Denlinger J, deNoyelles F, Jr, Campbell S, Pan S, Randtke SJ, Blain GT, Strasser VA (2003): Managing taste and odor problems in a eutrophic drinking water reservoir. J Lake Reservoir Manage (in press)

Smith VH, Willen E, Karlsson B (1987): Predicting the summer peak biomass of four species of blue-green algae (Cyanophyta/Cyano-bacteria) in Swedish lakes. Water Resources Bull 23, 397–402

Smith VH (1986): Light and nutrient effects on the relative biomass of blue-green algae in lake phytoplankton. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 43, 148–153

Smith VH (1985): Predictive models for the biomass of blue-green algae in lakes. Water Resources Bull 21, 433–439

Smith VH (1982): The nitrogen and phosphorus dependence of algal biomass in lakes: An empirical and theoretical analysis. Limnol Oceanogr 27, 1101–1112

Smith VH, Tilman GD, Nekola JC (1999): Eutrophication: impacts of excess nutrient inputs on freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. Environ Pollut 100, 179–196

Smith VH, Bennett SJ (1999): Nitrogen, phosphorus supply ratios and phytoplankton community structure in lakes. Arch Hydro-biol 146, 37–53

Soballe DM, Kimmel BL (1987): A large-scale comparison of factors influencing phytoplankton abundance in rivers, lakes, and impoundments. Ecology 68, 1943–1954

Sorvala J, Helminen H, Karjalainen J (2000): Restoration of Finnish lakes using fish removal: changes in the chlorophyll-phosphorus relationship indicate multiple controlling mechanisms. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 27, 1473–1479

Sutcliffe DW, Jones JG, Eds (1992): Eutrophication: Research and application to water supply. Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside, United Kingdom

Stadelmann TH, Brezonik PL, Kloiber S (2001): Seasonal patterns of chlorophyll a and Secchi disk transparency in lakes of East-Central Minnesota: Implications for design of ground-and satellite-based monitoring programs. J Lake Reservoir Manage 17, 299–314

Swedish EPA (2000): Environmental quality criteria: Coasts and seas. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency Report 5052, Stockholm, Sweden. 138 pp

Tanik A, Beler Baykal B, Gonenc IE (1999): The impact of agricultural pollutants in six drinking water reservoirs. Water Sci Technol 40, 11–17

Thornton JA (1980): A comparison of the summer phosphorus loadings to three Zimbabwean water-supply reservoirs of varying trophic states. Water SA 6, 163–170

Traill I (1991): Loch Lomond: A eutrophication study 1987–1989. Clyde River Purification Board Technical Report 96. Scottish Environment Protection Agency, East Kilbride, Scotland

Trimbee AM, Prepas EE (1987): Evaluation of total phosphorus as a predictor of the relative biomass of blue-green algae with emphasis on Alberta lakes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 4, 1337–1342

UK Environment Agency (1998): Environmental Issues Series—Aquatic eutrophication in England and Wales. UK Environment Agency Consultative Report, December 1998 US EPA (2002): http:/www.epa.gov/waterscience/criteria/nutrient/ guidance/index.html

US EPA (1996a): Environmental indicators of water quality in the United States, US EPA 841-R-96-02, Office of Water (4503F), US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA

US EPA (1996b): National nutrient assessment workshop. Proceedings, December 4–6, 1995. US EPA 822-R-96-004, Office of Water, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA

Valiela I, Collins G, Kremer J, Lajtha K, Geist M, Seely B, Brawley J, Sham CH (1997): Nitrogen loading from coastal watersheds to receiving estuaries: New method and application. Ecol Appl 7, 358–380

Valiela I, Tomasky G, Hauxwell J, Cole ML, Cebrián J, Kroeger; KD (2000): Operationalizing sustainability: Management and risk assessment of land-derived nitrogen loads to estuaries. Ecol Appl 10, 1006–1023

Van Ginkel CE, Silberbauer MJ, Vermaak E (2000): The seasonal and spatial distribution of cyanobacteria in South African surface waters. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 27, 871–878

Van Nieuwenhuyse EE, Jones JR (1996): Phosphorus-chlorophyl-relationship in temperate streams and its variation with stream catchment area. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 53, 99–105

Varis O, Fraboulet-Jussila S (2002): Analysis of eutrophication level and critical loads of Lac de Guiers, Senegal. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 28, 462–466

Victor R, Al Ujaily SR (1999): Water quality and management strategies of mountain researvoirs in arid northern Oman, p 307–350. In: MFA Goosen and W Shaaya, Eds Water Management, Purification, and Conservation in Arid Climates, Vol 1. Tech-nomic Publ Co Inc, Lancaster, UK

Vitousek PM, Aber J, Howarth RW, Likens GE, Matson PA, Schindler DW, Schlesinger WH, Tilman GD (1997): Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: Causes and consequences. Ecological Applications 7, 737–750

Vollenweider RA (1992): Coastal marine eutrophication, principles and control, p 1–20. In: RA Vollenweider, R Marchetti, and R Viviani, Eds, Marine Coastal Eutrophication. The Response of Marine Transitional Systems to Human Impact: Problems and Perspectives for Restoration. Science of the Total Environment Supplement 1992. Elsevier Scientific, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Vollenweider RA, Rinaldi A, Montanari G (1992): Eutrophication, structure and dynamics of a marine coastal system: results of a ten-year monitoring along the Emilia-Romagna coast (Northwest Adriatic Sea), p 63–105. In: RA Vollenweider, R Marchetti, and R Viviani, Eds, Marine Coastal Eutrophication. The Response of Marine Transitional Systems to Human Impact: Problems and Perspectives for Restoration. Science of the Total Environment Supplement 1992. Elsevier Scientific, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Vyhnálek V, Fott J, Kopáček J (1994): Chlorophyll-phosphorus relationship in acidified lakes of the High Tatra Mountains (Slovakia). Hydrobiologia 274, 171–177

Welch EB, Quinn JM, Hickey CW (1992): Periphyton biomass to point-source nutrient enrichment in seven New Zealand streams. Water Research 26, 669–675

Willén E (2000): Phytoplankton in water quality assessment—An indicator concept, p 57–80. In: P Heinonen, Z Giuliano, and A Van der Beken, Eds, Hydrological and Limnological Aspects of Lake Monitoring. Wiley and Sons, Ltd, West Sussex, England

Willén E, Ahlgren G, Söderhielm A-C (2000): Toxic cyanophytes in three Swedish lakes. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 27, 560–564

Wilson JG, Ed (1998): Eutrophication in Irish waters. Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, Ireland

Winter JG, Duthie HC (2000): Epilithic diatoms as indicators of stream total N and total P concentrations. J N Amer Benthol Soc 19, 32–49

Wolff WJ (1993): Netherlands-Wetlands. Hydrobiologia 265, 1–14