Estuary‐enhanced upwelling of marine nutrients fuels coastal productivity in the U.S. Pacific Northwest

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans - Tập 119 Số 12 - Trang 8778-8799 - 2014
Kristen A. Davis1, Neil S. Banas2, Sarah N. Giddings3, Samantha Siedlecki2, Parker MacCready4, Evelyn J. Lessard4, Raphael M. Kudela5, Barbara M. Hickey4
1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
2Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
3Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
4School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
5Ocean Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, California, USA

Tóm tắt

AbstractThe Pacific Northwest (PNW) shelf is the most biologically productive region in the California Current System. A coupled physical‐biogeochemical model is used to investigate the influence of freshwater inputs on the productivity of PNW shelf waters using realistic hindcasts and model experiments that omit outflow from the Columbia River and Strait of Juan de Fuca (outlet for the Salish Sea estuary). Outflow from the Strait represents a critical source of nitrogen to the PNW shelf‐accounting for almost half of the primary productivity on the Vancouver Island shelf, a third of productivity on the Washington shelf, and a fifth of productivity on the Oregon shelf during the upwelling season. The Columbia River has regional effects on the redistribution of phytoplankton, but does not affect PNW productivity as strongly as does the Salish Sea. A regional nutrient budget shows that nitrogen exiting the Strait is almost entirely (98%) of ocean‐origin—upwelled into the Strait at depth, mixed into surface waters by tidal mixing, and returned to the coastal ocean. From the standpoint of nitrogen availability in the coastal euphotic zone, the estuarine circulation driven by freshwater inputs to the Salish Sea is more important than the supply of terrigenous nitrogen by rivers. Nitrogen‐rich surface waters exiting the Strait follow two primary pathways—to the northwest in the Vancouver Island Coastal Current and southward toward the Washington and Oregon shelves. Nitrogen flux from the Juan de Fuca Strait and Eddy Region to these shelves is comparable to flux from local wind‐driven upwelling.

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Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Tập 119 Số 12

8778-8799

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