Estimation of engineering properties of selected tuffs by using grain/matrix ratio

Akesson, 2001, Relationship between texture and mechanical properties of granites, central Sweden, by use of image-analysing techniques, Bull. Eng. Geol. Env., 60, 277, 10.1007/s100640100105 Arel, 2001, Weathering and its relation to geomechanical properties of Cavusbasi granitic rocks in northwestern Turkey, Bull. Eng. Geol. Envir, 60, 123, 10.1007/s100640000091 Aydan, 2003, Geotechnical and geoenvironmental characteristics of man-made underground structures in Cappadocia, Turk. Eng. Geol., 69, 245, 10.1016/S0013-7952(02)00285-5 Aydan, 2013, Geomechanical evaluation of Derinkuyu Antique nderground City and its implications in geoengineering, Rock Mech. Rock. Eng., 46, 731, 10.1007/s00603-012-0301-7 Aydan, 1999, Man-made structures in Cappadocia, Turkey and their implications in rock mechanics and rock engineering, ISRM News J., 6, 63 Aydar, 2012, Correlation of ignimbrites in the central Anatolian volcanic province using zircon and plagioclase ages and zircon compositions, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 213–214, 83, 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.005 Batum, 1978, Geology and petrography of the volcanics in Göllüdağ and Acıgöl districts at the southwest of Nevşehir, H.U. Yerbilim., 4, 50 Besang, 1977, Radiometriche Altersbestimmungen an Neogenen Eruptivgesteinen der Türkei, Geol. Jb. B, 25, 3 Ceryan, 2014, Application of support vector machines and relevance vector machines in predicting uniaxial compressive strength of volcanic rocks, J. Afr. Earth Sci., 100, 634, 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.08.006 De Witte, 1988, Conservation of the Göreme rock: preliminary investigations, 346 EN, 1925 Ercan, 1990, The origin and evolution of the Cenozoic volcanism of Hasandağı-Karacadağ area (Central Anatolia), Jeomorfol. Der, 18, 39 Ercan, 1992, New geochemical isotopic and radiometric data of the Quaternary volcanism of Hasandağı-Karacadağ (Central Anatolia), TJK Bülteni, 7, 8 Erdoğan, 1986 Erguvanlı, 1977, Past and Present Use of Underground Openings Excavated in Volcanic Tufts at Cappadocia Area, 15 Fener, 2015, Effects of the freeze–thaw (F–T) cycle on the andesitic rocks (Sille-Konya/Turkey) used in construction building, J. Afr. Earth Sci., 109, 96, 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2015.05.006 Gökçeoğlu, 2000, Factors affecting the durability of selected weak and clay-bearing rocks from Turkey, with particular emphasis on the influence of the number of drying and wetting cycles, Eng. Geol., 57, 215, 10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00031-4 Hartley, 1974, A review of the geological factors influencing the mechanical properties of road surface aggregates, Q. J. Eng. Geol., 7, 69, 10.1144/GSL.QJEG.1974.007.01.05 Heidari, 2013, Relationship between petrographic characteristics and the engineering properties of jurassic sandstones, Hamedan, Iran, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 46, 1091, 10.1007/s00603-012-0333-z Innocenti, 1975, The Neogene calcalkaline volcanism of Central Anatolia; geochronological data on Kayseri-Niğde area, Geol. Mag., 112, 349, 10.1017/S0016756800046744 Innocenti, 1982, Neogene and quaternary volcanism in anatolia and north-western Iran, 327 ISRM (International Society for Rock Mechanics), 2007, The complete ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization, testing and monitoring: 1974-2006, 628 Kayabalı, 2010, Nail penetration test for determining the uniaxial compressive strength of rock, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min., 47, 265, 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2009.09.010 Koralay, 2011, The effect of welding degree on geotechnical properties of an ignimbrite flow unit: the Bitlis castle case (eastern Turkey), Environ. Earth Sci., 64, 869, 10.1007/s12665-011-0931-1 Korkanç, 2004, 226 Korkanç, 2007, The effect of geomechanical properties of ignimbrites on their usage as building stone: Nevşehir Stone, Jeol. Müh. Der, 31, 49 Korkanç, 2013, Deterioration of different stones used in historical buildings within Nigde province, Cappadocia. Cons. Buil. Mat, 48, 789, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.07.033 Korkanç, 2005, Influence of Petrographical and Chemical Characteristics on Using as Aggregate of Basalts from Niğde, 226 Le Pennec, 1994, Neogene ignimbrites of the Nevsehir plateau (Central Turkey): stratigraphy, distribution and source constraints, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 63, 59, 10.1016/0377-0273(94)90018-3 Le Pennec, 2005, Stratigraphy and age of the Cappadocia ignimbrites, Turkey: reconciling field constraints with paleontologic, radiochronologic, geochemical and paleomagnetic data, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 141, 45, 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.09.004 Leighton, 1962, Carbonate rock types: classification of carbonate rocks, Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem., 1, 33 López-Doncel, 2013, Moisture expansion associated to secondary porosity: an example of the Loseros Tuff of Guanajuato, Mexico, Environ. Earth Sci., 69, 1189, 10.1007/s12665-012-1781-1 Moon, 1993, Microstructural controls on the geomechanical behaviour of ignimbrite, Eng. Geol., 35, 19, 10.1016/0013-7952(93)90067-M Moon, 1993, Geotechnical characteristics of ignimbrite: a soft pyroclastic rock type, Eng. Geol., 35, 33, 10.1016/0013-7952(93)90068-N Nelson, 1992, Physical properties of ash flow tuff from Yucca Mountain, Nevada, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 97, 6823, 10.1029/92JB00350 Öner, 2006, Engineering properties of Hınıs ignimbrites and their usability as a building Stone (Erzurum, Turkey), Environ. Geol., 50, 275, 10.1007/s00254-006-0208-2 Pasquare, 1988, Continental arc volcanism and tectonic setting in Central Anatolia, Turkey, Tectonophysics, 146, 217, 10.1016/0040-1951(88)90092-3 Quane, 2004, Ranking welding intensity in pyroclastic deposits, Bull. Volcanol., 67, 129, 10.1007/s00445-004-0367-5 Ramana, 1986, Physical properties of Indus ophiolites from Kashmir Himalaya, Phys. Earth. Planet Int., 43, 104, 10.1016/0031-9201(86)90079-8 Rigopoulos, 2010, The influence of alteration on the engineering properties of dolerites: the examples from the Pindos and Vourinos ophiolites (northern Greece), Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 47, 69, 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2009.04.003 Rigopoulos, 2011, Microcracks in ultrabasic rocks under uniaxial compressive stress, Eng. Geol., 117, 104, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.10.010 Schmid, 1981, Descriptive nomenclature and classification of pyroclastic deposits and fragment: recommendations of the IUGS subcommissions on the systematics of igneous rocks, Geology, 9, 41, 10.1130/0091-7613(1981)9<41:DNACOP>2.0.CO;2 Schumacher, 1996, Problems in stratigraphic correlation and new K–Ar data for ignimbrites from Cappadocia, Central Turkey, Int. Geol. Rev., 38, 737, 10.1080/00206819709465357 Shakoor, 1991, Relationship between petrographic characteristics, engineering index properties, and mechanical properties of selected sandstones, Bull. Inter. Assoc. Eng. Geol., 28, 55 Solak, 2011, Effect of petrographic properties of different pyroclastic rocks on their geomechanical properties, 205 Soriano, 2002, Welding and rheomorphism of phonolitic fallout deposits from Las Canadas caldera, Tenerife, canary Islands, GSA Bull., 14, 883, 10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0883:WAROPF>2.0.CO;2 Streck, 1995, Crystallization and welding variations in a widespread ignimbrite sheet; the Rattlesnake Tuff, eastern Oregon, U. S. A. Bull. Volcanol., 57, 151, 10.1007/BF00265035 Temel, 1998, Ignimbrites of Cappadocia (central anatolia, Turkey): petrology and geochemistry, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 85, 447, 10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00066-3 Topal, 1995, 250 Topal, 1994, Effect of deterioration on the chemical and physical properties of Göreme tufts, 5, 3527 Topal, 1997, Engineering geological properties and durability assessment of the Cappadocian tuff, Eng. Geol., 47, 175, 10.1016/S0013-7952(97)00017-3 Topal, 1998, Analyses of deterioration of the Cappadocian tuff, Turk. Environ. Geol., 34, 5, 10.1007/s002540050252 Toprak, 1993, Tectonic control on the development of the Neogene-Quaternary Central Anatolian volcanic province, Turk. Geol. J., 28, 357, 10.1002/gj.3350280314 Türkdönmez, 2012, The Geological, petrographical and engineering properties of rhyolitic tuffs (Çan Stone) in Çan-Etili Area (Çanakkale), NW Turkey: their Usage as building and covering stones, Open J. Geol., 2, 25, 10.4236/ojg.2012.21003 Türkecan, 2003, Melendizdag (Niğde) volcanism. 56. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı, Bildiri Özleri Kitabı, 16 Tuğrul, 1999, Correlation of mineralogical and textural characteristics with engineering properties of selected granitic rocks from Turkey, Eng. Geol., 51, 303, 10.1016/S0013-7952(98)00071-4 Ulusay, 1994, Prediction of engineering properties of a selected litharenite sandstone from its petrographic characteristics using correlation and multivariate statistical techniques, Eng. Geol., 38, 135, 10.1016/0013-7952(94)90029-9 Ulusay, 1999, Long term mechanical characteristics of Cappadocia tuff, 687 Ulusay, 2006, Assessment of environmental and engineering geological problems for the possible re-use of an abandoned rock-hewn settlement in Urgüp (Cappadocia), Turk. Environ. Geol., 50, 473, 10.1007/s00254-006-0222-4 Ulusay, 2013, Stability assessment of Avanos underground congress centre (Cappadocia, Turkey) in soft tuffs through an integrated scheme of rock engineering methods, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 46, 1303, 10.1007/s00603-012-0363-6 Ündül, 2011, The influence of weathering on the engineering properties of dunites, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 45, 225, 10.1007/s00603-011-0174-1 Viereck, 2006, The volcanic stratigraphy of Cappadocia, central anatolia, 8, 10301 Wedekind, 2013, Weathering of volcanic tuff rocks caused by moisture expansion, Environ. Earth Sci., 69, 1203, 10.1007/s12665-012-2158-1 Yaşar, 2009, Industrial usage of Nevsehir-Kayseri (Turkey) tuff stone, World Appl. Sci. J., 7, 271 Yüksek, 2010, Geotechnical properties of volcanic materials of the Mount Erciyes, 99