Essential ocean variables and high value biodiversity areas: Targets for the conservation of marine megafauna

Alonso, 2015, Temporal and age-related dietary variations in a large population of yellow-legged gulls Larus michahellis: implications for management and conservation, Eur. J. Wildl. Res., 61, 819, 10.1007/s10344-015-0958-9 Andonegi, 2015 J.M. Arcos J. Bécares B. Rodriguez A. Ruiz Important areas for the conservation of seabirds in Spain 2009 Madrid, Spain. Arnold, 2010, Uninformative Parameters and Model Selection Using Akaike’s Information Criterion, J. Wildl. Manage., 74, 1175, 10.1111/j.1937-2817.2010.tb01236.x Astarloa, 2019, Identifying main interactions in marine predator-prey networks of the Bay of Biscay, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 76, 2247, 10.1093/icesjms/fsz140 Authier, 2018, Exploring change in the relative abundance of marine megafauna in the Bay of Biscay, 2004–2016, Prog. Oceanogr., 166, 159, 10.1016/j.pocean.2017.09.014 Barlow, 2001, Factors affecting perpendicular sighting distances on shipboard line-transect surveys for cetaceans, J. Cetacean Res. Manag., 3, 201, 10.47536/jcrm.v3i2.891 Barton, 2016, MuMIn: Multi-Model Inference, R package version, 1, 6 Bode, 2009, Recent trends in plankton and upwelling intensity off Galicia (NW Spain), Prog. Oceanogr., 83, 342, 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.07.025 Bode, 2003, The pelagic foodweb in the upwelling ecosystem of Galicia (NW Spain) during spring: Natural abundance of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 60, 11, 10.1006/jmsc.2002.1326 Bouchet, 2015, Topographic determinants of mobile vertebrate predator hotspots: Current knowledge and future directions, Biol. Rev., 90, 699, 10.1111/brv.12130 S.T. Buckland D.R. Anderson K.P. Burnham J.L. Laake D.L. Borchers L. Thomas Introduction to distance sampling: estimating abundance of biological populations 2001 Oxford University Press Oxford 10.1007/s00531-004-0408-5. Burnham, 2002 Calado, 2018, Seasonal and annual differences in the foraging ecology of two gull species breeding in sympatry and their use of fishery discards, J. Avian Biol., 49, 10.1111/jav.01463 Cañadas, 2014, Conserving Cuvier’s beaked whales in the Alboran Sea (SW Mediterranean): Identification of high density areas to be avoided by intense man-made sound, Biol. Conserv., 178, 155, 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.07.018 Certain, 2008, Delphinid spatial distribution and abundance estimates over the shelf of the Bay of Biscay, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 65, 656, 10.1093/icesjms/fsn046 Charria, 2017, Interannual evolution of (sub)mesoscale dynamics in the Bay of Biscay, Ocean Sci., 13, 777, 10.5194/os-13-777-2017 Chen, 2012, Does warming enhance the effect of microzooplankton grazing on marine phytoplankton in the ocean?, Limnol. Oceanogr., 57, 519, 10.4319/lo.2012.57.2.0519 Constable, 2016, Developing priority variables (“ecosystem Essential Ocean Variables” - eEOVs) for observing dynamics and change in Southern Ocean ecosystems, J. Mar. Syst., 161, 26, 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.05.003 Croll, 1998, An integrated approch to the foraging ecology of marine birds and mammals. Deep Sea Res, Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr., 45, 1353, 10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00031-9 Depestele, 2016, Favorites and leftovers on the menu of scavenging seabirds: modelling spatiotemporal variation in discard consumption, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 73, 1446, 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0326 Díaz López, 2019, Habitat drivers of endangered rorqual whales in a highly impacted upwelling region, Ecol. Indic., 103, 610, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.04.038 Díaz López, 2019, Living on the edge: Overlap between a marine predator’s habitat use and fisheries in the Northeast Atlantic waters (NW Spain), Prog. Oceanogr., 175, 115, 10.1016/j.pocean.2019.04.004 Doray, 2018, The PELGAS survey: Ship-based integrated monitoring of the Bay of Biscay pelagic ecosystem, Prog. Oceanogr., 166, 15, 10.1016/j.pocean.2017.09.015 Dormann, 2013, Collinearity: a review of methods to deal with it and a simulation study evaluating their performance, Ecography (Cop.), 36, 27, 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07348.x Dudley, 2012 Dulvy, 2004, Coral reef cascades and the indirect effects of predator removal by exploitation, Ecol. Lett., 7, 410, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00593.x Dulvy, 2003, Extinction vulnerability in marine populations, Fish Fish., 4, 25, 10.1046/j.1467-2979.2003.00105.x Evans, 2013, Impacts of climate change on marine mammals, MCCIP Sci. Rev., 134–148 Evans, 2004, Monitoring cetaceans in European waters, Mamm. Rev., 34, 131, 10.1046/j.0305-1838.2003.00027.x Figueiras, 2002, Coastal upwelling, primary production and mussel growth in the Rías Baixas of Galicia, Hydrobiologia, 484, 121, 10.1023/A:1021309222459 Friedland, 2012, Pathways between primary production and fisheries yields of large marine ecosystems, PLoS One, 7, 10.1371/journal.pone.0028945 García-Barón, 2019, Modelling the spatial abundance of a migratory predator: a call for transboundary marine protected areas, Divers. Distrib., 25, 346, 10.1111/ddi.12877 García-Barón, 2019, Which are the main threats affecting the marine megafauna in the Bay of Biscay?, Cont. Shelf Res., 186, 1, 10.1016/j.csr.2019.07.009 Garcia-Soto, 2002, Navidad development in the southern Bay of Biscay: Climate change and swoddy structure from remote sensing and in situ measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 3118, 10.1029/2001JC001012 Goetz, 2015, Cetacean occurrence, habitat preferences and potential for cetacean-fishery interactions in Iberian Atlantic waters: Results from cooperative research involving local stakeholders, Aquat. Conserv. Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst., 25, 138, 10.1002/aqc.2481 Gray, 2001, Food-provisioning behaviour of male and female Manx shearwaters, Puffinus puffinus, Anim. Behav., 62, 117, 10.1006/anbe.2001.1717 Gregory, 2009, Rapid biogeographical plankton shifts in the North Atlantic Ocean, Glob. Chang. Biol., 15, 1790, 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01848.x Grémillet, D., Lewis, S., Drapeau, L., Lingen, C.D. Van Der, Huggett, J.A., Coetzee, J.C., Verheye, H.M., Daunt, F., Wanless, S., Ryan, P.G., 2008. Spatial match–mismatch in the Benguela upwelling zone: should we expect chlorophyll and sea‐surface temperature to predict marine predator distributions? Wiley Online Libr. 45, 610–621. Halpern, B.S., Walbridge, S., Selkoe, K.A., Kappel, C. V., Micheli, F., D’Agrosa, C., Bruno, J.F., Casey, K.S., Ebert, C., Fox, H.E., Fujita, R., Heinemann, D., Lenihan, H.S., Madin, E.M.P., Perry, M.T., Selig, E.R., Spalding, M., Steneck, R., Watson, R., 2008. A Global Map of Human Impact on Marine Ecosystems. Science (80-.). 319, 948–952. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1149345. Hamer, 2007, Annual variation in diets, feeding locations and foraging behaviour of gannets in the North Sea: Flexibility, consistency and constraint, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 338, 295, 10.3354/meps338295 Hammond, P., Lacey, C., Gilles, A., Viquerat, S., Börjesson, P., Herr, H., MacLeod, K., Ridoux, V., Santos, M., Scheidat, M., Teilmann, J., Vingada, J., Øien, N., 2017. Estimates of cetacean abundance in European Atlantic waters in summer 2016 from the SCANS-III aerial and shipboard surveys. Heinemann, 1981, A rangefinder for pelagic bird censusing, J. Wildl. Manage., 45, 489, 10.2307/3807930 G. Hemery F. D’Amico I. Castege B. Dupont J. D’Elbee Y. Lalanne et al. Detecting the impact of oceano-climatic changes on marine ecosystems using a multivariate index: the case of the Bay of Biscay (North Atlantic - European Ocean) Glob. Chang. Biol. 14 2007 1 12 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01471.x. Hobday, 2014, Dynamic Ocean Management: Integrating scientific and technological capacity with law, policy and management, Stanford Environ. Law J., 33, 125 Holt, 2009, Bringing the Hutchinsonian niche into the 21st century: ecological and evolutionary perspectives, Natl. Acad Sci., 106, 19659, 10.1073/pnas.0905137106 Horton, 2017, Route fidelity during marine megafauna migration, Front. Mar. Sci., 4, 422, 10.3389/fmars.2017.00422 IPBES, 2019 Johnson, 2004, Model selection in ecology and evolution, Trends Ecol. Evol., 19, 101, 10.1016/j.tree.2003.10.013 Käkelä, 2006, Fatty acid signatures as indicators of diet in great skuas Stercorarius skua, Shetland. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 319, 297, 10.3354/meps319297 Kersalé, 2016, Poleward along-shore current pulses on the inner shelf of the Bay of Biscay, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 179, 155, 10.1016/j.ecss.2015.11.018 Kubetzki, 2003, Distribution, diet and habitat selection by four sympatrically breeding gull species in the south-eastern North Sea, Mar. Biol., 143, 199, 10.1007/s00227-003-1036-5 Kuletz, 2015, Seasonal spatial patterns in seabird and marine mammal distribution in the eastern Chukchi and western Beaufort seas: Identifying biologically important pelagic areas, Prog. Oceanogr., 136, 175, 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.012 Laake, 2015, mrds: Mark-Recapture Distance Sampling, R package version, 2, 14 Lambert, 2018, Decadal stability in top predator habitat preferences in the Bay of Biscay, Prog. Oceanogr., 166, 109, 10.1016/j.pocean.2018.03.007 Lambert, 2017, How does ocean seasonality drive habitat preferences of highly mobile top predators? Part II: The eastern North-Atlantic. Deep, Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr., 141, 31 Lambert, 2017, Habitat modelling predictions highlight seasonal relevance of Marine Protected Areas for marine megafauna. Deep, Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr., 141, 262, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.03.016 Laran, 2017, Seasonal distribution and abundance of cetaceans within French waters- Part II: The Bay of Biscay and the English Channel. Deep, Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr., 141, 31, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.12.012 Lascelles, 2014, Migratory marine species: Their status, threats and conservation management needs, Aquat. Conserv. Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst., 24, 111, 10.1002/aqc.2512 Lehodey, 2010, Bridging the gap from ocean models to population dynamics of large marine predators: A model of mid-trophic functional groups, Prog. Oceanogr., 84, 69, 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.09.008 Lewis, 2003, Contrasting diet quality of northern gannets Morus bassanus at two colonies, Ardea, 91, 167 Lindstrom, E., Gunn, J., Fischer, A., McCurdy, A., Glover, L.K., Members, T.T., 2012. A Framework for Ocean Observing. By theTask Team for an Integrated Framework for Sustained ocean Observing., UNESCO 2012, IOC/INF-1284. https://doi.org/10.5270/OceanObs09-FOO. Løkkeborg, 2003, Review and evaluation of three mitigation measures - Bird-scaring line, underwater setting and line shooter - To reduce seabird bycatch in the north Atlantic longline fishery, Fish. Res., 60, 11, 10.1016/S0165-7836(02)00078-4 Louzao, 2009, Combining vessel-based surveys and tracking data to identify key marine areas for seabirds, Mar. Ecol., 197, 183, 10.3354/meps08124 Louzao, 2012, Protecting Persistent Dynamic Oceanographic Features: Transboundary conservation efforts are needed for the critically endangered balearic shearwater, PLoS One, 7, 10.1371/journal.pone.0035728 Louzao, 2020, Spatio-temporal patterns of northern gannet abundance in a migratory and wintering area, Zoology, 140, 125776, 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125776 Louzao, 2019, Understanding the 3D environment of pelagic seabirds from multidisciplinary oceanographic surveys to advance ecosystem-based monitoring, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 617–618, 199, 10.3354/meps12838 Louzao, 2020, Including ecosystem descriptors in current fishery data collection programmes to advance towards a holistic monitoring, Mar. Environ. Res., 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105043 Louzao, 2019, Marine megafauna niche coexistence and hotspot areas in a temperate ecosystem, Cont. Shelf Res., 186, 77, 10.1016/j.csr.2019.07.013 Luczak, 2011, Climate change impact on Balearic shearwater through a trophic cascade, Biol. Lett., 7, 702, 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0225 Macleod, 2009, Global climate change, range changes and potential implications for the conservation of marine cetaceans: a review and synthesis, Endanger. Species Res., 7, 125, 10.3354/esr00197 Mannocci, 2015, Extrapolating cetacean densities beyond surveyed regions: Habitat-based predictions in the circumtropical belt, J. Biogeogr., 42, 1267, 10.1111/jbi.12530 Marques, 2004, Covariate models for the detection function, 31 McClellan, 2014, Understanding the Distribution of Marine Megafauna in the English Channel Region: Identifying Key Habitats for Conservation within the Busiest Seaway on Earth, PLoS One, 9, 10.1371/journal.pone.0089720 Meier, 2016, Tracking, feather moult and stable isotopes reveal foraging behaviour of a critically endangered seabird during the non-breeding season, Divers. Distrib., 23, 130, 10.1111/ddi.12509 Meynier, 2008, Intraspecific dietary variation in the short-beaked common dolphin Delphinus delphis in the Bay of Biscay: importance of fat fish, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 354, 277, 10.3354/meps07246 Miloslavich, 2018, Essential ocean variables for global sustained observations of biodiversity and ecosystem changes, Glob. Chang. Biol., 24, 2416, 10.1111/gcb.14108 Miranda, 2013, Climate change and upwelling: Response of Iberian upwelling to atmospheric forcing in a regional climate scenario, Clim. Dyn., 40, 2813, 10.1007/s00382-012-1442-9 Navarro, 2009, Seasonal changes in the diet of a critically endangered seabird and the importance of trawling discards, Mar. Biol., 156, 2571, 10.1007/s00227-009-1281-3 J. Oksanen F.G. Blanchet M. Friendly R. Kindt P. Legendre D. McGlinn et al. vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2018 2.5-2. Palumbi, 2008, Ecosystems in Action: Lessons from Marine Ecology about Recovery, Resistance, and Reversibility, Bioscience, 58, 33, 10.1641/B580108 Pérez, 2010, Plankton response to weakening of the Iberian coastal upwelling, Glob. Chang. Biol., 16, 1258, 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02125.x Pettex, 2017, Using large scale surveys to investigate seasonal variations in seabird distribution and abundance. Part II: The Bay of Biscay and the English Channel, Deep Sea Res., 141, 86, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.11.012 Picado, 2016, Upwelling and Chl-a spatiotemporal variability along the Galician coast: dependence on circulation weather types, Int. J. Climatol., 36, 3280, 10.1002/joc.4555 Pingree, 1994, Winter warming in the southern bay of biscay and lagrangian eddy kinematics from a deep-drogued argos buoy, J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. United Kingdom, 74, 107, 10.1017/S0025315400035700 Core Team, 2019 Redfern, 2006, Techniques for cetacean–habitat modeling, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 310, 271, 10.3354/meps310271 Rodríguez, 2013, Incidence of entanglements with marine debris by northern gannets (Morus bassanus) in the non-breeding grounds, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 75, 259, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.07.003 Saavedra, 2018, Assessing the environmental status of the short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) in North-western Spanish waters using abundance trends and safe removal limits, Prog. Oceanogr., 166, 66, 10.1016/j.pocean.2017.08.006 Sánchez, 2000, Hydrographic mesoscale structures and Poleward Current as a determinant of hake (Merluccius merluccius) recruitment in southern Bay of Biscay, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 57, 152, 10.1006/jmsc.1999.0566 Santos, 2011, Upwelling along the western coast of the Iberian Peninsula: Dependence of trends on fitting strategy, Clim. Res., 48, 213, 10.3354/cr00972 Santos, 2013, Characterization of the pelagic fish community of the north-western and northern Spanish shelf waters, J. Fish Biol., 83, 716, 10.1111/jfb.12107 Simmonds, 2009, Cetaceans and Climate Change – Assessing the Risks, Rep. Int. Whal. Comm., 1 Soldatini, 2016, Forecasting ocean warming impacts on seabird demography: A case study on the European storm petrel, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 552, 255, 10.3354/meps11730 Spitz, 2006, Diet overlap between harbour porpoise and bottlenose dolphin: An argument in favour of interference competition for food?, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 70, 259, 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.04.020 Spyrakos, 2011, Spatiotemporal patterns of marine mammal distribution in coastal waters of Galicia, NW Spain, Hydrobiologia, 670, 87, 10.1007/s10750-011-0722-4 Sydeman, W.J., Poloczanska, E., Reed, T.E., Thompson, S.A., 2015. Climate change and marine vertebrates. Science (80-.). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac9874. Sydeman, 2012, Seabirds and climate change: Roadmap for the future, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 454, 107, 10.3354/meps09806 Teles-Machado, 2016, Circulation on the Northwestern Iberian Margin: Vertical structure and seasonality of the alongshore flows, Prog. Oceanogr., 140, 134, 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.021 Thomas, 2010, Distance software: Design and analysis of distance sampling surveys for estimating population size, J. Appl. Ecol., 47, 5, 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01737.x Torres, 2003, Spatial patterns of wind and sea surface temperature in the Galician upwelling region, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 1 Valdés, L., Lavín, A., 2002. Dynamics and human impact in the Bay of Biscay: An ecological perspective, in: Sherman, K., Skjoldal, H. (Eds.), Large Marine Ecosystems Series: Large Marine Ecosystems of the North Atlantic: Changing States and Sustainability. Elsevier, pp. 293–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1570-0461(02)80062-3. Valeiras, 2003, Attendance of scavenging seabirds at trawler discards off Galicia, Spain. Sci. Mar., 67, 77, 10.3989/scimar.2003.67s277 Vázquez-Rowe, 2011, Estimating global discards and their potential reduction for the Galician fishing fleet (NW Spain), Mar. Policy, 35, 140, 10.1016/j.marpol.2010.08.012 Vieites, 2004, European Atlantic: The hottest oil spill hotspot worldwide, Naturwissenschaften, 91, 535, 10.1007/s00114-004-0572-2 Virgili, 2017, Predicting seasonal variations in coastal seabird habitats in the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay. Deep, Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr., 141, 212, 10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.03.017 Votier, 2007, Seabird predation by great skuas Stercorarius skua - Intra-specific competition for food?, J. Avian Biol., 38, 234, 10.1111/j.0908-8857.2007.03893.x Whitehead, 2008, Diversity of deep-water cetaceans in relation to temperature: Implications for ocean warming, Ecol. Lett., 11, 1198, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01234.x Wiens, 2005, Niche Conservatism: Integrating Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation Biology, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst., 36, 519, 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.102803.095431 Wood, 2011, Fast stable restricted maximum likelihood and marginal likelihood estimation of semiparametric generalized linear models, J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B (Statistical Methodol., 73, 3, 10.1111/j.1467-9868.2010.00749.x Yen, 2004, Marine bird and cetacean associations with bathymetric habitats and shallow-water topographies: Implications for trophic transfer and conservation, J. Mar. Syst., 50, 79, 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2003.09.015 Zuur, 2010, A protocol for data exploration to avoid common statistical problems, Methods Ecol. Evol., 1, 3, 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2009.00001.x Zuur, 2007, Analysing Ecological Data, Springer, New York.