Equal Pay and the Equality Act 2010: An Accidental Paradox in Need of Change?
Liverpool Law Review - Trang 1-19 - 2023
Tóm tắt
The approach in the United Kingdom to sex-based equal pay has for a long time been distinct from general sex discrimination and from equal pay based on other protected characteristics. This dichotomy allows for a greater focus on sex-based equal pay, in a distinct statutory regime, but also risks creating unnecessary, unintended and detrimental distinctions. This article outlines the different legislative approaches adopted in pursuit of related public policy goals regarding equality and explores, and suggests legislative and interpretative solutions to, a significant issue whereby problematic wording in the Equality Act 2010, and judicial interpretation of it, could unjustifiably leave sex-based claimants in a worse position than those with other protected characteristics with regard to both to injury to feelings and constructive dismissal.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Ashtiany, Sue. 2011. The Equality Act 2010: Main Concepts. International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 11 (1–2): 29–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/135822911101100204.
Barnard, Catherine, and Louise Merrett. 2013. Winners and Losers: Edwards and the Unfair Law of Dismissal. The Cambridge Law Journal 72 (3): 313–340. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008197313000482.
Barrett, Brenda. 1971. Equal Pay Act 1970: I. Modern Law Review 34 (3): 308–312.
Bogg, Alan and Hugh Collins. 2015. Lord Hoffmann and the Law of Employment: The Notorious Episode of Johnson v Unisys Ltd In The Jurisprudence of Lord Hoffmann, eds. PS Davies and J Pila, 185–214. Oxford: Hart 2015
Brodie, Douglas. 2002. Mutual Trust and Confidence after Johnson v Unisys. Edinburgh Law Review. https://doi.org/10.3366/elr.2002.6.2.258.
Connolly, Michael. 2018. Statutory Interpretation, Victimization Under Equality Law, and Its ‘on–Off’ Relationship with Contempt of Court. Statute Law Review 39: 72–90. https://doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmw044.
Deakin, Simon, and Gillian Morris. 2009. Labour Law, 5th ed. Oxford: Hart.
Downie, M. 2019. Preferential Pay Protection: Does UK Law Provide Poorer Protection to Those Discriminated Against on Grounds of Protected Characteristics Other than Gender? International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 19 (1): 4–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/1358229118817163.
Fawcett Society. 2020. 50 years since Equal Pay Act, Fawcett launches Bill to modernise law. https://www.fawcettsociety.org.uk/news/50-yrs-since-equal-pay-act-fawcett-launches-bill-to-modernise-law. Accessed 14 February 2023.
Fredman, Sandra. 2008. Reforming Equal Pay Laws. Industrial Law Journal 37 (3): 193–218.
Global Institute for Women’s Leadership and the Fawcett Society. 2021. Bridging the gap? An analysis of gender pay gap reporting in six countries. Accessible via: https://www.kcl.ac.uk/giwl/assets/bridging-the-gap-an-analysis-of-gender-pay-gap-reporting-in-six-countries-summary-and-recommendations.pdf.
Gow, L & S Middlemiss. 2011. Equal Pay Legislation and its Impact on the Gender Pay Gap. International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 11(4), 164–186.
Hand, J. 2011. Combined Discrimination - section 14 of the Equality Act 2010: a partial and redundant provision? [2011] Public Law 482, 485-486
Hand, J., B. Davis, and P. Feast. 2012. Unification, Simplification, Amplification? An Analysis of Aspects of the British Equality Act 2010. Commonwealth Law Bulletin 38: 509–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050718.2012.695001.
Hand, James and Victoria Hooton. 2022. Gender Pay Gap – Time for a Change? SLSA Blog <https://slsablog.co.uk/blog/blog-posts/gender-pay-gap-time-for-a-change/>
Hepple, Bob. 2014. Equality—the Legal Framework. Oxford: Hart.
Hooton, Victoria, and Henry Pearce. 2023. Pay Transparency, Information Access Rights and Data Protection Law: Exploring Viable Alternatives to Disclosure Orders in Equal Pay Litigation. Industrial Law Journal. https://doi.org/10.1093/indlaw/dwac028.
Law Commission. 2020. Employment Law Hearing Structures: Report (Law Com No 390). HC 308.
Middlemiss, Sam. 2013. Employers Liability for Employee References and Victimisation. Statute Law Review 34: 138–151. https://doi.org/10.1093/slr/hms046.
Presidential Guidance: Employment Tribunal Awards for Injury to Feelings and Psychiatric Injury Following De Souza v Vinci Construction (UK) Ltd [2017] EWCA Civ 879 - Fifth Addendum to Presidential Guidance Originally Issued on 5 September 2017 available at <https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Vento-bands-presidential-guidance-April-2022-addendum.pdf> accessed 3 February 2023.
Rendel, Margherita. 1978. Legislating for Equal Pay and Opportunity for Women in Britain. Signs 3 (4): 897–908.
Seear, B.N. 1971. Equal Pay Act 1970: II. Modern Law Review 34 (3): 312–316.
Simpson, R.C. 1981. Job Evaluation and Equal Pay Modern Law Review 44 (3): 334–336.
Steele, Iain. 2010. Sex Discrimination and the Material Factor Defence Under the Equal Pay Act 1970 and the Equality Act 2010. Industrial Law Journal 39 (3): 264–274. https://doi.org/10.1093/indlaw/dwq011.