Epidemiology of concussion in sport: a literature review

Gilchrist, 2011, Nonfatal sports and recreation related traumatic brain injuries among children and adolescents treated in emergency departments in the United States, 2001–2009, MMWR, 60, 1337 Slobounov, 2012, Concussion in athletics: ongoing clinical and brain imaging research controversies, Brain Imaging Behav, 6, 224, 10.1007/s11682-012-9167-2 Iverson, 2012, Possible lingering effects of multiple past concussions, Rehabil Res Pract., 2012, 316575 Tremblay, 2013, Sports concussions and aging: a neuroimaging investigation, Cereb Cortex, 23, 1159, 10.1093/cercor/bhs102 Stern, 2011, Long-term consequences of repetitive brain trauma: chronic traumatic encephalopathy, PM R, 3, S460, 10.1016/j.pmrj.2011.08.008 New law on concussions takes effect in Kentucky [Internet]. WKRC Cincinnati [cited 2012 Jun 23] Article from: http://www.local12.com/news/local/story/New-Law-on-Concussions-Takes-Effect-in-Kentucky/I2ZCdZ2kJkaazW9J9cYqMA.cspx. ESPN. NFL NATION BLOG: NFL bracing for concussion lawsuit [Internet]. Brandt, A. [cited 2012 Jun 19]. Article from: http://espn.go.com/blog/nflnation/post/_/id/59485/nfl-bracing-for-concussion-litigation. Maroon, 2000, Cerebral concussion in athletes: evaluation and neuropsychological testing, Neurosurgery, 47, 659 McCrory, 2009, Consensus statement on concussion in sport–the 3rd International Conference on concussion in sport, held in Zurich, November 2008, J Clin Neurosci, 16, 755, 10.1016/j.jocn.2009.02.002 Stroup, 2000, Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group, JAMA, 283, 2008, 10.1001/jama.283.15.2008 Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG; PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(4):264–9, W64. Rechel, 2008, An epidemiologic comparison of high school sports injuries sustained in practice and competition, J Athl Train, 43, 197, 10.4085/1062-6050-43.2.197 Cantu, 2009, The prevention of catastrophic head and spine injuries in high school and college sports, Br J Sports Med, 43, 981, 10.1136/bjsm.2009.067728 Booher, 2003, Comparison of reporting systems to determine concussion incidence in NCAA Division I collegiate football, Clin J Sport Med, 13, 93, 10.1097/00042752-200303000-00005 Meerhoff, 2000, Incidence of traumatic head or brain injuries in catchment area of Academic Hospital Maastricht in 1997, Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 144, 1915 Dick, 2009, Is there a gender difference in concussion incidence and outcomes?, Br J Sports Med., 43, i46, 10.1136/bjsm.2009.058172 Echemendia, 2001, Mild traumatic brain injury in sports: neuropsychology's contribution to a developing field, Neuropsychol Rev, 11, 69, 10.1023/A:1016651217141 Laker, 2011, Epidemiology of concussion and mild traumatic brain injury, PM R, 3, S354, 10.1016/j.pmrj.2011.07.017 Bazarian, 2005, Mild traumatic brain injury in the United States, 1998–2000, Brain Inj, 19, 85, 10.1080/02699050410001720158 Grindel, 2003, Epidemiology and pathophysiology of minor traumatic brain injury, Curr Sports Med Rep, 2, 18, 10.1249/00149619-200302000-00005 Benson, 2002, The impact of face shield use on concussions in ice hockey: a multivariate analysis, Br J Sports Med, 36, 27, 10.1136/bjsm.36.1.27 Tait, 2010, Incidence of self-reported brain injury and the relationship with substance abuse: findings from a longitudinal community survey, BMC Public Health., 10, 171, 10.1186/1471-2458-10-171 Daneshvar, 2011, The epidemiology of sport-related concussion, Clin Sports Med, 30, 1, 10.1016/j.csm.2010.08.006 Yang, 2008, Hospitalisations for sport-related concussions in US children aged 5 to 18 years during 2000–2004, Br J Sports Med, 42, 664, 10.1136/bjsm.2007.040923 Schatz, 2011, Current issues in pediatric sports concussion, Clin Neuropsychol, 25, 1042, 10.1080/13854046.2011.556669 McCrea, 2003, Acute effects and recovery time following concussion in collegiate football players: the NCAA Concussion Study, JAMA, 290, 2556, 10.1001/jama.290.19.2556 Kimbler, 2011, Concussion and the adolescent athlete, J Neurosci Nurs, 43, 286, 10.1097/JNN.0b013e31823858a6 Guskiewicz, 2000, Epidemiology of concussion in collegiate and high school football players, Am J Sports Med, 28, 643, 10.1177/03635465000280050401 Langburt, 2001, Incidence of concussion in high school football players of Ohio and Pennsylvania, J Child Neurol, 16, 83, 10.1177/088307380101600203 Delaney, 2002, Concussions among university football and soccer players, Clin J Sport Med, 12, 331, 10.1097/00042752-200211000-00003 Guskiewicz, 2003, Cumulative effects associated with recurrent concussion in collegiate football players: the NCAA Concussion Study, JAMA, 290, 2549, 10.1001/jama.290.19.2549 Pellman, 2004, Concussion in professional football: epidemiological features of game injuries and review of the literature—part 3, Neurosurgery, 54, 81, 10.1227/01.NEU.0000097267.54786.54 Pellman, 2004, Concussion in professional football: injuries involving 7 or more days out—part 5, Neurosurgery, 55, 1100, 10.1227/01.NEU.0000147063.12873.F5 Wisniewski, 2004, Incidence of cerebral concussions associated with type of mouthguard used in college football, Dent Traumatol, 20, 143, 10.1111/j.1600-4469.2004.00259.x Collins, 2006, Examining concussion rates and return to play in high school football players wearing newer helmet technology: a three-year prospective cohort study, Neurosurgery, 58, 275, 10.1227/01.NEU.0000200441.92742.46 Shankar, 2007, Epidemiology of high school and collegiate football injuries in the United States, 2005–2006, Am J Sports Med, 35, 1295, 10.1177/0363546507299745 Yard, 2009, Effects of field location, time in competition, and phase of play on injury severity in high school football, Res Sports Med, 17, 35, 10.1080/15438620802678495 Crisco, 2010, Frequency and location of head impact exposures in individual collegiate football players, J Athl Train, 45, 549, 10.4085/1062-6050-45.6.549 Mansell, 2010, Concussive signs and symptoms following head impacts in collegiate athletes, Brain Inj, 24, 1070, 10.3109/02699052.2010.494589 Benson, 1999, Head and neck injuries among icehockey players wearing full face shields vs half face shields, JAMA, 282, 2328, 10.1001/jama.282.24.2328 Dick, 2007, Descriptive epidemiology of collegiate women's field hockey injuries: National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System, 1988-1989 through 2002-2003, J Athl Train, 42, 211 Cusimano, 2009, Canadian Minor Hockey Participants' Knowledge about Concussion, Can J Neurol Sci, 36, 315, 10.1017/S0317167100007046 Agel, 2010, A 7-year review of men's and women's ice hockey injuries in the NCAA, Can J Surg, 53, 319 Echlin, 2010, A prospective study of physician-observed concussions during junior ice hockey: implications for incidence rates. Neurosurg Focus. 2010 Nov;29(5):E4. Erratum in, Neurosurg Focus, 29 Cusimano, 2011, Effect of bodychecking on rate of injuries among minor hockey players, Open Med, 5, e57 Brainard, 2012, Gender differences in head impacts sustained by collegiate ice hockey players, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 44, 297, 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31822b0ab4 Shawdon, 1994, Injury profile of amateur Australian rules footballers, Aust J Sci Med Sport, 26, 59 Collins, 2008, Injuries sustained by high school rugby players in the United States, 2005–2006, Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 162, 49, 10.1001/archpediatrics.2007.1 Kemp, 2008, The epidemiology of head injuries in English professional rugby union, Clin J Sport Med, 18, 227, 10.1097/JSM.0b013e31816a1c9a Shuttleworth-Edwards, 2008, The comparative incidence of reported concussions presenting for follow-up management in South African Rugby Union, Clin J Sport Med, 18, 403, 10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181895910 Hollis, 2009, Incidence, risk, and protective factors of mild traumatic brain injury in a cohort of Australian nonprofessional male rugby players, Am J Sports Med, 37, 2328, 10.1177/0363546509341032 Haseler, 2010, The epidemiology of injuries in English youth community rugby union, Br J Sports Med, 44, 1093, 10.1136/bjsm.2010.074021 Hollis, 2011, Mild traumatic brain injury among a cohort of rugby union players: predictors of time to injury, Br J Sports Med, 45, 997, 10.1136/bjsm.2010.079707 Dick, 2007, Descriptive epidemiology of collegiate men's lacrosse injuries: National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System, 1988-1989 through 2003-2004, J Athl Train, 42, 255 Dick, 2007, Descriptive epidemiology of collegiate women's lacrosse injuries: National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System, 1988-1989 through 2003-2004, J Athl Train, 42, 262 Lincoln, 2007, Head, face, and eye injuries in scholastic and collegiate lacrosse: a 4-year prospective study, Am J Sports Med, 35, 207, 10.1177/0363546506293900 Matser, 1999, Neuropsychological impairment in amateur soccer players, JAMA, 282, 971, 10.1001/jama.282.10.971 Yard, 2008, The epidemiology of United States high school soccer injuries, 2005–2007, Am J Sports Med, 36, 1930, 10.1177/0363546508318047 Powell, 1999, Traumatic brain injury in high school athletes, JAMA, 282, 958, 10.1001/jama.282.10.958 Schulz, 2004, Incidence and risk factors for concussion in high school athletes, NorthCarolina, 1996–1999, Am J Epidemiol, 160, 937, 10.1093/aje/kwh304 LaBotz, 2005, A comparison of a preparticipation evaluation history form and a symptom-based concussion survey in the identification of previous head injury in collegiate athletes, Clin J Sport Med, 15, 73, 10.1097/01.jsm.0000157649.99867.fc Dick, 2007, National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System commentaries: introduction and methods, J Athl Train, 44, 173 Gessel, 2007, Concussions among United States high school and collegiate athletes, J Athl Train, 42, 495 Hootman, 2007, Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives, J Athl Train, 42, 311 Swenson, 2009, Patterns of recurrent injuries among US high school athletes, 2005–2008, Am J Sports Med, 37, 1586, 10.1177/0363546509332500 Meehan, 2010, High school concussions in the 2008-2009 academic year: mechanism, symptoms, and management, Am J Sports Med, 38, 2405, 10.1177/0363546510376737 Castile, 2012, The epidemiology of new versus recurrent sports concussions among high school athletes, 2005–2010, Br J Sports Med, 46, 603, 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090115 Lincoln, 2011, Trends in concussion incidence in high school sports: a prospective 11-year study, Am J Sports Med, 39, 958, 10.1177/0363546510392326 Marar, 2012, Epidemiology of concussions among United States high school athletes in 20 sports, Am J Sports Med, 40, 747, 10.1177/0363546511435626 Daneshvar DH, Nowinski CJ, McKee AC, Cantu RC. The epidemiology of sport-related concussion. Clin Sports Med. 2011;30(1):1–17, vii. Frommer, 2011, Sex differences in concussion symptoms of high school athletes, J Athl Train, 46, 76, 10.4085/1062-6050-46.1.76 Niedfeldt, 2011, Head injuries, heading, and the use of headgear in soccer, Curr Sports Med Rep, 10, 324, 10.1249/JSR.0b013e318237be53