Epidemiology of Stone Disease

Johnson, 1979, Renal stone epidemiology: a 25-year study in Rochester, Minnesota, Kidney Int, 16, 624, 10.1038/ki.1979.173

Stamatelou, 2003, Time trends in reported prevalence of kidney stones in the United States: 1976–1994, Kidney Int, 63, 1817, 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00917.x

Yoshida, 1990, Epidemiology of urolithiasis in Japan: a chronological and geographical study, Urol Int, 45, 104, 10.1159/000281680

Hesse, 2003, Study on the prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis in Germany comparing the years 1979 vs. 2000, Eur Urol, 44, 709, 10.1016/S0302-2838(03)00415-9

Soucie, 1994, Demographic and geographic variability of kidney stones in the United States, Kidney Int, 46, 893, 10.1038/ki.1994.347

Soucie, 1996, Relation between geographic variability in kidney stones prevalence and risk factors for stones, Am J Epidemiol, 143, 487, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008769

Curhan, 1993, A prospective study of dietary calcium and other nutrients and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones, N Engl J Med, 328, 833, 10.1056/NEJM199303253281203

Hiatt, 1982, Frequency of urolithiasis in a prepaid medical care program, Am J Epidemiol, 115, 255, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113297

Curhan, 1997, Comparison of dietary calcium with supplemental calcium and other nutrients as factors affecting the risk for kidney stones in women, Ann Intern Med, 126, 497, 10.7326/0003-4819-126-7-199704010-00001

Curhan, 2004, Dietary factors and the risk of incident kidney stones in younger women (Nurses' Health Study II), Arch Intern Med, 164, 885, 10.1001/archinte.164.8.885

Lieske, 2006, Renal stone epidemiology in Rochester, Minnesota: an update, Kidney Int, 69, 760, 10.1038/sj.ki.5000150

Borghi, 2002, Comparison of two diets for the prevention of recurrent stones in idiopathic hypercalciuria, N Engl J Med, 346, 77, 10.1056/NEJMoa010369

Ettinger, 1997, Potassium-magnesium citrate is an effective prophylaxis against recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, J Urol, 158, 2069, 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)68155-2

Ettinger, 1986, Randomized trial of allopurinol in the prevention of calcium oxalate calculi, N Engl J Med, 315, 1386, 10.1056/NEJM198611273152204

Ettinger, 1988, Chlorthalidone reduces calcium oxalate calculous recurrence but magnesium hydroxide does not, J Urol, 139, 679, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)42599-7

Curhan, 1997, Family history and risk of kidney stones, J Am Soc Nephrol, 8, 1568, 10.1681/ASN.V8101568

Resnick, 1968, Genetic predisposition to formation of calcium oxalate renal calculi, N Engl J Med, 278, 1313, 10.1056/NEJM196806132782403

D'Angelo, 1997, Calciotropic hormones and nephrolithiasis, Miner Electrolyte Metab, 23, 269

Taylor, 2005, Obesity, weight gain, and the risk of kidney stones, JAMA, 293, 455, 10.1001/jama.293.4.455

Kramer, 2002, The association between gout and nephrolithiasis: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988–1994, Am J Kidney Dis, 40, 37, 10.1053/ajkd.2002.33911

Kramer, 2003, The association between gout and nephrolithiasis in men: The Health Professionals' Follow-Up Study, Kidney Int, 64, 1022, 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.t01-2-00171.x

Taylor, 2005, Diabetes mellitus and the risk of nephrolithiasis, Kidney Int, 68, 1230, 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00516.x

Atan, 2005, High kidney stone risk in men working in steel industry at hot temperatures, Urology, 65, 858, 10.1016/j.urology.2004.11.048

Robertson, 1979, Dietary changes and the incidence of urinary calculi in the U.K. between 1958 and 1976, J Chronic Dis, 32, 469, 10.1016/0021-9681(79)90107-3

Larsson, 1987, Hyperoxaluria, Miner Electrolyte Metab, 13, 242

Muldowney, 1982, Importance of dietary sodium in the hypercalciuria syndrome, Kidney Int, 22, 292, 10.1038/ki.1982.168

Lemann, 1969, Possible role of carbohydrate-induced calciuria in calcium oxalate kidney-stone formation, N Engl J Med, 280, 232, 10.1056/NEJM196901302800502

Johansson, 1980, Biochemical and clinical effects of the prophylactic treatment of renal calcium stones with magnesium hydroxide, J Urol, 124, 770, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)55655-4

Lemann, 1991, Potassium administration reduces and potassium deprivation increases urinary calcium excretion in healthy adults, Kidney Int, 39, 973, 10.1038/ki.1991.123

Taylor, 2004, Dietary factors and the risk of incident kidney stones in men: new insights after 14 years of follow-up, J Am Soc Nephrol, 15, 3225, 10.1097/01.ASN.0000146012.44570.20

Bataille, 1983, Effect of calcium restriction on renal excretion of oxalate and the probability of stones in the various pathophysiological groups with calcium stones, J Urol, 130, 218, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)51073-3

Jackson, 2006, Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures, N Engl J Med, 354, 669, 10.1056/NEJMoa055218

Holmes, 2004, The impact of dietary oxalate on kidney stone formation, Urol Res, 32, 311, 10.1007/s00240-004-0437-3

Siener, 2006, Oxalate content of cereals and cereal products, J Agric Food Chem, 54, 3008, 10.1021/jf052776v

Holmes, 2000, Estimation of the oxalate content of foods and daily oxalate intake, Kidney Int, 57, 1662, 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00010.x

Breslau, 1988, Relationship of animal protein-rich diet to kidney stone formation and calcium metabolism, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 66, 140, 10.1210/jcem-66-1-140

Traxer, 2003, Effect of ascorbic acid consumption on urinary stone risk factors, J Urol, 170, 397

Curhan, 1999, Intake of vitamins B6 and C and the risk of kidney stones in women, J Am Soc Nephrol, 10, 840, 10.1681/ASN.V104840

Curhan, 1996, A prospective study of the intake of vitamins C and B6, and the risk of kidney stones in men, J Urol, 155, 1847, 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)66027-0

Borghi, 1996, Urinary volume, water and recurrences in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis: a 5-year randomized prospective study, J Urol, 155, 839, 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)66321-3

Curhan, 1996, Prospective study of beverage use and the risk of kidney stones, Am J Epidemiol, 143, 240, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008734

Curhan, 1998, Beverage use and risk for kidney stones in women, Ann Intern Med, 128, 534, 10.7326/0003-4819-128-7-199804010-00003

Wabner, 1993, Effect of orange juice consumption on urinary stone risk factors, J Urol, 149, 1405, 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36401-7

Hodgkinson, 1958, The urinary excretion of calcium and inorganic phosphate in 344 patients with calcium stone of renal origin, Br J Surg, 46, 10, 10.1002/bjs.18004619504

Curhan, 2001, Twenty-four-hour urine chemistries and the risk of kidney stones among women and men, Kidney Int, 59, 2290, 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00746.x

Coe, 1978, Hyperuricosuric calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, Kidney Int, 13, 418, 10.1038/ki.1978.60

Pak, 1994, Citrate and renal calculi: an update, Miner Electrolyte Metab, 20, 371