Epidemiology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in the United States and the Rest of the World

Angulo, 2002, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, N Engl J Med, 346, 1221, 10.1056/NEJMra011775

Brunt, 2004, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Semin Liver Dis, 24, 3, 10.1055/s-2004-823098

Fleischman, 2014, NAFLD prevalence differs among Hispanic subgroups: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, World J Gastroenterol, 20, 4987, 10.3748/wjg.v20.i17.4987

Charlton, 2011, Frequency and outcomes of liver transplantation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the United States, Gastroenterology, 141, 1249, 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.06.061

Vernon, 2011, Systematic Frequency and outcomes of liver transplantation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the United States review: the epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 34, 274, 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04724.x

Sung, 2014, Development of new fatty liver, or resolution of existing fatty liver, over five years of follow-up, and risk of incident hypertension, J Hepatol, 60, 1040, 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.01.009

Zelber-Sagi, 2012, Predictors for incidence and remission of NAFLD in the general population during a seven-year prospective follow-up, J Hepatol, 56, 1145, 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.12.011

Tsuneto, 2010, Fatty liver incidence and predictive variables, Hypertens Res, 33, 638, 10.1038/hr.2010.45

Wong, 2015, Incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Hong Kong: a population study with paired proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, J Hepatol, 62, 182, 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.08.041

Younossi, 2012, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in lean individuals in the United States, Medicine (Baltimore), 91, 319, 10.1097/MD.0b013e3182779d49

Clark, 2006, The epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adults, J Clin Gastroenterol, 40, S5

Clark, 2002, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Gastroenterology, 122, 1649, 10.1053/gast.2002.33573

Williams, 2011, Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among a largely middle-aged population utilizing ultrasound and liver biopsy: a prospective study, Gastroenterology, 140, 124, 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.09.038

Wanless, 1990, Fatty liver hepatitis (steatohepatitis) and obesity: an autopsy study with analysis of risk factors, Hepatology, 12, 1106, 10.1002/hep.1840120505

Yamamoto, 2007, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in donors for living donor liver transplantation, Transplantation, 83, 257, 10.1097/01.tp.0000250671.06456.3f

Foster, 2013, The prevalence and clinical correlates of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in African Americans: the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA), Dig Dis Sci, 58, 2392, 10.1007/s10620-013-2652-7

Browning, 2004, Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: impact of ethnicity, Hepatology, 40, 1387, 10.1002/hep.20466

Karnikowski, 2007, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome in Brazilian middle-aged and older adults, Sao Paulo Med J, 125, 333, 10.1590/S1516-31802007000600006

Oni, 2015, Relation of physical activity to prevalence of nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease independent of cardiometabolic risk, Am J Cardiol, 115, 34, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.09.044

Feijo, 2013, The spectrum of non alcoholic fatty liver disease in morbidly obese patients: prevalence and associate risk factors, Acta Cir Bras, 28, 788, 10.1590/S0102-86502013001100008

Riquelme, 2009, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with obesity, insulin resistance and increased serum levels of C-reactive protein in Hispanics, Liver Int, 29, 82, 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01823.x

Caballeria, 2010, Prevalence and factors associated with the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in an adult population in Spain, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 22, 24, 10.1097/MEG.0b013e32832fcdf0

Garcia-Monzon, 2015, Prevalence and risk factors for biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a prospective cohort of adult patients with gallstones, Liver Int, 35, 1983, 10.1111/liv.12813

Soresi, 2013, Nonalcoholic fatty liver and metabolic syndrome in Italy: results from a multicentric study of the Italian Arteriosclerosis society, Acta Diabetol, 50, 241, 10.1007/s00592-012-0406-1

Zois, 2010, Steatosis and steatohepatitis in postmortem material from Northwestern Greece, World J Gastroenterol, 16, 3944, 10.3748/wjg.v16.i31.3944

Koehler, 2012, Prevalence and risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the elderly: results from the Rotterdam study, J Hepatol, 57, 1305, 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.07.028

Alazawi, 2014, Ethnicity and the diagnosis gap in liver disease: a population-based study, Br J Gen Pract, 64, e694, 10.3399/bjgp14X682273

Onyekwere, 2011, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the metabolic syndrome in an urban hospital serving an African community, Ann Hepatol, 10, 119, 10.1016/S1665-2681(19)31559-5

Guerrero, 2009, Ethnic differences in hepatic steatosis: an insulin resistance paradox?, Hepatology, 49, 791, 10.1002/hep.22726

Lesi, 2009, Fatty liver and hyperlipidemia in a cohort of HIV-positive Africans on highly active antiretroviral therapy, J Natl Med Assoc, 101, 151

Kruger, 2010, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the Western Cape: a descriptive analysis, S Afr Med J, 100, 168

Ayonrinde, 2011, Gender-specific differences in adipose distribution and adipocytokines influence adolescent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Hepatology, 53, 800, 10.1002/hep.24097

Farrell, 2013, NAFLD in Asia–as common and important as in the West, Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 10, 307, 10.1038/nrgastro.2013.34

Fan, 2009, Epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in China, J Hepatol, 50, 204, 10.1016/j.jhep.2008.10.010

Wong, 2012, Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced fibrosis in Hong Kong Chinese: a population study using proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and transient elastography, Gut, 61, 409, 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300342

Jeong, 2013, Regional prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Clin Mol Hepatol, 19, 266, 10.3350/cmh.2013.19.3.266

Shen, 2014, Relationship between obesity, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the elderly agricultural and fishing population of Taiwan, Clin Interv Aging, 9, 501

Shima, 2015, Influence of lifestyle-related diseases and age on the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Hepatol Res, 45, 548, 10.1111/hepr.12384

Brea, 2013, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk, Int J Cardiol, 167, 1109, 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.085

Frith, 2009, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in older people, Gerontology, 55, 607, 10.1159/000235677

Attar, 2013, Current concepts and management approaches in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, ScientificWorldJournal, 2013, 481893, 10.1155/2013/481893

Hashimoto, 2005, The characteristics and natural history of Japanese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Hepatol Res, 33, 72, 10.1016/j.hepres.2005.09.007

Stepanova, 2013, Predictors of all-cause mortality and liver-related mortality in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Dig Dis Sci, 58, 3017, 10.1007/s10620-013-2743-5

Than, 2015, A concise review of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Atherosclerosis, 239, 192, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.01.001

Fung, 2015, High prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the Chinese: results from the Hong Kong liver health census, Liver Int, 35, 542, 10.1111/liv.12619

Mishra, 2012, Epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, J Clin Exp Hepatol, 2, 135, 10.1016/S0973-6883(12)60102-9

Firneisz, 2014, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the liver disease of our age?, World J Gastroenterol, 20, 9072

Leite, 2014, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes: from physiopathological interplay to diagnosis and treatment, World J Gastroenterol, 20, 8377, 10.3748/wjg.v20.i26.8377

Leite, 2011, Histopathological stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes: prevalences and correlated factors, Liver Int, 31, 700, 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02482.x

Younossi, 2011, Changes in the prevalence of the most common causes of chronic liver diseases in the United States from 1988 to 2008, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 9, 524, 10.1016/j.cgh.2011.03.020

Verderese, 2013, Interaction of type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 7, 405, 10.1586/17474124.2013.811047

Flegal, 2012, Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999-2010, JAMA, 307, 491, 10.1001/jama.2012.39

Lazo, 2008, The epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a global perspective, Semin Liver Dis, 28, 339, 10.1055/s-0028-1091978

Hamaguchi, 2005, The metabolic syndrome as a predictor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Ann Intern Med, 143, 722, 10.7326/0003-4819-143-10-200511150-00009

Younossi, 2009, Metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatitis C virus: impact on disease progression and treatment response, Liver Int, 29, 3, 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01949.x

Eshraghian, 2013, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a cluster of Iranian population: thyroid status and metabolic risk factors, Arch Iran Med, 16, 584

Radu, 2008, Prevalence and associated risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in hospitalized patients, J Gastrointestin Liver Dis, 17, 255

Volzke, 2005, Hepatic steatosis is associated with an increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis, World J Gastroenterol, 11, 1848, 10.3748/wjg.v11.i12.1848