Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus-Related Head and Neck Cancer

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America - Tập 45 Số 4 - Trang 739-764 - 2012
Andrew W. Joseph1, Gypsyamber D’Souza2
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, JHOC 6th Floor, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
2Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room E6132, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Chaturvedi, 2008, Incidence trends for human papillomavirus-related and -unrelated oral squamous cell carcinomas in the United States, J Clin Oncol, 26, 612, 10.1200/JCO.2007.14.1713

Chaturvedi, 2011, Human papillomavirus and rising oropharyngeal cancer incidence in the United States, J Clin Oncol, 29, 4294, 10.1200/JCO.2011.36.4596

Hammarstedt, 2007, The incidence of tonsillar cancer in Sweden is increasing, Acta Otolaryngol, 127, 988, 10.1080/00016480601110170

Hammarstedt, 2006, Human papillomavirus as a risk factor for the increase in incidence of tonsillar cancer, Int J Cancer, 119, 2620, 10.1002/ijc.22177

Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, et al. GLOBOCAN 2008, Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: IARC Cancer Base No. 10 [Internet]. 2010. Available at: http://globocan.iarc.fr. Accessed August 14, 2011.

Young, 2004, Epstein-Barr virus: 40 years on, Nat Rev Cancer, 4, 757, 10.1038/nrc1452

Schlumberger, 1998, Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma, N Engl J Med, 338, 297, 10.1056/NEJM199801293380506

Jemal, 2011, Global cancer statistics, CA Cancer J Clin, 61, 69, 10.3322/caac.20107

Nair, 2004, Alert for an epidemic of oral cancer due to use of the betel quid substitutes gutkha and pan masala: a review of agents and causative mechanisms, Mutagenesis, 19, 251, 10.1093/mutage/geh036

Jemal, 2010, Cancer statistics, 2010, CA Cancer J Clin, 60, 277, 10.3322/caac.20073

Fast Stats: An interactive tool for access to SEER cancer statistics. Available at: http://seer.cancer.gov/faststats. Accessed August 8, 2011.

Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, et al, editor. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2008. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute. Available at: http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2009_pops09/, based on November 2010 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, 2011. Accessed April 19, 2012.

Hashibe, 2009, Interaction between tobacco and alcohol use and the risk of head and neck cancer: pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 18, 541, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0347

IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2004, Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking, IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum, 83, 1

Sturgis, 2007, Trends in head and neck cancer incidence in relation to smoking prevalence: an emerging epidemic of human papillomavirus-associated cancers?, Cancer, 110, 1429, 10.1002/cncr.22963

NCI Monograph No. 8. Changes in cigarette-related disease risks and their implication for prevention and control. Report of the NCI Expert Committee. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health; 1997.

Carvalho, 2005, Trends in incidence and prognosis for head and neck cancer in the United States: a site-specific analysis of the SEER database, Int J Cancer, 114, 806, 10.1002/ijc.20740

Karim-Kos, 2008, Recent trends of cancer in Europe: a combined approach of incidence, survival and mortality for 17 cancer sites since the 1990s, Eur J Cancer, 44, 1345, 10.1016/j.ejca.2007.12.015

Davis, 1987, Increasing incidence of cancer of the tongue in the United States among young adults, Lancet, 2, 910, 10.1016/S0140-6736(87)91393-6

Macfarlane, 1992, Oral cancer in Scotland: changing incidence and mortality, BMJ, 305, 1121, 10.1136/bmj.305.6862.1121

Shemen, 1984, Increase of tongue cancer in young men, JAMA, 252, 1857, 10.1001/jama.1984.03350140017016

Depue, 1986, Rising mortality from cancer of the tongue in young white males, N Engl J Med, 315, 647, 10.1056/NEJM198609043151013

Annertz, 2002, Incidence and survival of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in Scandinavia, with special reference to young adults, Int J Cancer, 101, 95, 10.1002/ijc.10577

Kari, 1997, Carcinoma of the oral tongue in northern Finland: trends in overall incidence and patient and tumour characteristics, J Oral Pathol Med, 26, 480, 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1997.tb00020.x

Shiboski, 2005, Tongue and tonsil carcinoma: increasing trends in the U.S. population ages 20-44 years, Cancer, 103, 1843, 10.1002/cncr.20998

Patel, 2011, Increasing incidence of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in young white women, age 18 to 44 years, J Clin Oncol, 29, 1488, 10.1200/JCO.2010.31.7883

Franceschi, 2000, Comparison of cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx worldwide: etiological clues, Oral Oncol, 36, 106, 10.1016/S1368-8375(99)00070-6

Hindle, 1996, The epidemiology of oral cancer, Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 34, 471, 10.1016/S0266-4356(96)90111-4

Johnson, 1993, Epidemiology and aetiology of oral cancer in the United Kingdom, Community Dent Health, 10, 13

Macfarlane, 1994, Rising trends of oral cancer mortality among males worldwide: the return of an old public health problem, Cancer Causes Control, 5, 259, 10.1007/BF01830246

Mork, 1998, Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck in Norway, 1953-92: an epidemiologic study of a low-risk population, Cancer Causes Control, 9, 37, 10.1023/A:1008845219266

Frisch, 2000, Changing patterns of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma in the United States, Cancer Causes Control, 11, 489, 10.1023/A:1008918223334

Syrjanen, 2004, HPV infections and tonsillar carcinoma, J Clin Pathol, 57, 449, 10.1136/jcp.2003.008656

Auluck, 2010, Trends in oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancer incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related and HPV-unrelated sites in a multicultural population: the British Columbia experience, Cancer, 116, 2635, 10.1002/cncr.25087

Plesko, 1994, Oral and pharyngeal cancer incidence in Slovakia 1968-1989, Int J Control, 56, 481

Conway, 2006, Incidence of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in United Kingdom (1990-1999)–recent trends and regional variation, Oral Oncol, 42, 586, 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.10.018

Robinson, 2003, Oropharyngeal cancer incidence and mortality in Scotland: are rates still increasing?, Oral Oncol, 39, 31, 10.1016/S1368-8375(02)00014-3

Blomberg, 2011, Trends in head and neck cancer incidence in Denmark, 1978-2007: focus on human papillomavirus associated sites, Int J Cancer, 129, 733, 10.1002/ijc.25699

Nelson, 2006, Trends in smokeless tobacco use among adults and adolescents in the United States, Am J Public Health, 96, 897, 10.2105/AJPH.2004.061580

Kojima, 2003, Human papillomaviruses in the normal oral cavity of children in Japan, Oral Oncol, 39, 821, 10.1016/S1368-8375(03)00100-3

Marur, 2010, HPV-associated head and neck cancer: a virus-related cancer epidemic, Lancet Oncol, 11, 781, 10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70017-6

Syrjanen, 2007, Human papillomaviruses in head and neck carcinomas, N Engl J Med, 356, 1993, 10.1056/NEJMe078004

Kreimer, 2005, Human papillomavirus types in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas worldwide: a systematic review, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 14, 467, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0551

Gillison, 2000, Evidence for a causal association between human papillomavirus and a subset of head and neck cancers, J Natl Cancer Inst, 92, 709, 10.1093/jnci/92.9.709

D'Souza, 2007, Case-control study of human papillomavirus and oropharyngeal cancer, N Engl J Med, 356, 1944, 10.1056/NEJMoa065497

Hobbs, 2006, Human papillomavirus and head and neck cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Clin Otolaryngol, 31, 259, 10.1111/j.1749-4486.2006.01246.x

Smith, 2004, Age, sexual behavior and human papillomavirus infection in oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers, Int J Cancer, 108, 766, 10.1002/ijc.11633

Koch, 1999, Head and neck cancer in nonsmokers: a distinct clinical and molecular entity, Laryngoscope, 109, 1544, 10.1097/00005537-199910000-00002

Ritchie, 2003, Human papillomavirus infection as a prognostic factor in carcinomas of the oral cavity and oropharynx, Int J Cancer, 104, 336, 10.1002/ijc.10960

Schwartz, 1998, Oral cancer risk in relation to sexual history and evidence of human papillomavirus infection, J Natl Cancer Inst, 90, 1626, 10.1093/jnci/90.21.1626

Strome, 2002, Squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsils: a molecular analysis of HPV associations, Clin Cancer Res, 8, 1093

Cruz, 1996, Age-dependence of human papillomavirus DNA presence in oral squamous cell carcinomas, Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol, 32B, 55, 10.1016/0964-1955(95)00060-7

Fouret, 1997, Human papillomavirus in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas in nonsmokers, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 123, 513, 10.1001/archotol.1997.01900050063008

Klussmann, 2001, Prevalence, distribution, and viral load of human papillomavirus 16 DNA in tonsillar carcinomas, Cancer, 92, 2875, 10.1002/1097-0142(20011201)92:11<2875::AID-CNCR10130>3.0.CO;2-7

Lindel, 2001, Human papillomavirus positive squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx: a radiosensitive subgroup of head and neck carcinoma, Cancer, 92, 805, 10.1002/1097-0142(20010815)92:4<805::AID-CNCR1386>3.0.CO;2-9

Nasman, 2009, Incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) positive tonsillar carcinoma in Stockholm, Sweden: an epidemic of viral-induced carcinoma?, Int J Cancer, 125, 362, 10.1002/ijc.24339

Romanitan, 2008, Human papillomavirus frequency in oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Greece, Anticancer Res, 28, 2077

Tachezy, 2009, Demographic and risk factors in patients with head and neck tumors, J Med Virol, 81, 878, 10.1002/jmv.21470

Tachezy, 2005, HPV and other risk factors of oral cavity/oropharyngeal cancer in the Czech Republic, Oral Dis, 11, 181, 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2005.01112.x

van Houten, 2001, Biological evidence that human papillomaviruses are etiologically involved in a subgroup of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, Int J Cancer, 93, 232, 10.1002/ijc.1313

Ernster, 2007, Rising incidence of oropharyngeal cancer and the role of oncogenic human papilloma virus, Laryngoscope, 117, 2115, 10.1097/MLG.0b013e31813e5fbb

Lundberg, 2011, Increased incidence of oropharyngeal cancer and p16 expression, Acta Otolaryngol, 131, 1008, 10.3109/00016489.2011.575796

Hansson, 2005, Strong association between infection with human papillomavirus and oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a population-based case-control study in southern Sweden, Acta Otolaryngol, 125, 1337, 10.1080/00016480510043945

Herrero, 2003, Human papillomavirus and oral cancer: the International Agency for Research on Cancer multicenter study, J Natl Cancer Inst, 95, 1772, 10.1093/jnci/djg107

Maden, 1992, Human papillomaviruses, herpes simplex viruses, and the risk of oral cancer in men, Am J Epidemiol, 135, 1093, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116209

Mork, 2001, Human papillomavirus infection as a risk factor for squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck, N Engl J Med, 344, 1125, 10.1056/NEJM200104123441503

Van Doornum, 2003, Reactivity to human papillomavirus type 16 L1 virus-like particles in sera from patients with genital cancer and patients with carcinomas at five different extragenital sites, Br J Cancer, 88, 1095, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600870

Dahlstrom, 2003, Human papillomavirus type 16 infection and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in never-smokers: a matched pair analysis, Clin Cancer Res, 9, 2620

Smith, 2004, Human papillomavirus in oral exfoliated cells and risk of head and neck cancer, J Natl Cancer Inst, 96, 449, 10.1093/jnci/djh074

Smith, 2007, Human papillomavirus seropositivity and risks of head and neck cancer, Int J Cancer, 120, 825, 10.1002/ijc.22330

Agrawal, 2008, Oral human papillomavirus infection before and after treatment for human papillomavirus 16-positive and human papillomavirus 16-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, Clin Cancer Res, 14, 7143, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0498

Baumann, 2009, Human papillomavirus in early laryngeal carcinoma, Laryngoscope, 119, 1531, 10.1002/lary.20509

Capone, 2000, Detection and quantitation of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in the sera of patients with HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, Clin Cancer Res, 6, 4171

Fakhry, 2008, Improved survival of patients with human papillomavirus-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in a prospective clinical trial, J Natl Cancer Inst, 100, 261, 10.1093/jnci/djn011

Furniss, 2007, Human papillomavirus 16 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, Int J Cancer, 120, 2386, 10.1002/ijc.22633

Gillison, 2008, Distinct risk factor profiles for human papillomavirus type 16-positive and human papillomavirus type 16-negative head and neck cancers, J Natl Cancer Inst, 100, 407, 10.1093/jnci/djn025

Haraf, 1996, Human papilloma virus and p53 in head and neck cancer: clinical correlates and survival, Clin Cancer Res, 2, 755

Olshan, 1997, Alterations of the p16 gene in head and neck cancer: frequency and association with p53, PRAD-1 and HPV, Oncogene, 14, 811, 10.1038/sj.onc.1200892

Paz, 1997, Human papillomavirus (HPV) in head and neck cancer. An association of HPV 16 with squamous cell carcinoma of Waldeyer's tonsillar ring, Cancer, 79, 595, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970201)79:3<595::AID-CNCR24>3.0.CO;2-Y

Settle, 2009, Racial survival disparity in head and neck cancer results from low prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in black oropharyngeal cancer patients, Cancer Prev Res (Phila), 2, 776, 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-09-0149

Shen, 1996, Prevalence of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in benign and malignant tumors of the upper respiratory tract, Mod Pathol, 9, 15

Westra, 2008, Inverse relationship between human papillomavirus-16 infection and disruptive p53 gene mutations in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, Clin Cancer Res, 14, 366, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1402

Zhao, 2005, Feasibility of quantitative PCR-based saliva rinse screening of HPV for head and neck cancer, Int J Cancer, 117, 605, 10.1002/ijc.21216

Almadori, 1996, Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by polymerase chain reaction, Eur J Cancer, 32A, 783, 10.1016/0959-8049(95)00628-1

Alvarez Alvarez, 1997, Using polymerase chain reaction to human papillomavirus in oral and pharyngolaryngeal carcinomas, Am J Otolaryngol, 18, 375, 10.1016/S0196-0709(97)90056-9

Anderson, 2007, Human papilloma virus in squamous carcinoma of the head and neck: a study of cases in south east Scotland, J Clin Pathol, 60, 439, 10.1136/jcp.2005.033258

Anwar, 1993, ras gene mutations and HPV infection are common in human laryngeal carcinoma, Int J Cancer, 53, 22, 10.1002/ijc.2910530106

Atula, 1997, Human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus in epithelial carcinomas of the head and neck region, Anticancer Res, 17, 4427

Azzimonti, 2004, Altered patterns of the interferon-inducible gene IFI16 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: immunohistochemical study including correlation with retinoblastoma protein, human papillomavirus infection and proliferation index, Histopathology, 45, 560, 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.02000.x

Badaracco, 2007, Molecular analyses and prognostic relevance of HPV in head and neck tumours, Oncol Rep, 17, 931

Baez, 2004, High frequency of HPV16-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in the Puerto Rican population, Head Neck, 26, 778, 10.1002/hed.20046

Bhattacharya, 2009, MYC gene amplification reveals clinical association with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Indian patients, J Oral Pathol Med, 38, 759, 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00781.x

Boscolo-Rizzo, 2009, HPV-16 E6 L83V variant in squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract, J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 135, 559, 10.1007/s00432-008-0490-3

Cattani, 1998, Association between cyclin D1 (CCND1) gene amplification and human papillomavirus infection in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, Clin Cancer Res, 4, 2585

Cerovac, 1996, Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 6, 16 and 18 in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas by in situ hybridization, Neoplasma, 43, 185

de Oliveira, 2006, Human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus infection, p53 expression, and cellular proliferation in laryngeal carcinoma, Am J Clin Pathol, 126, 284, 10.1309/UU2JADUEHDWATVM9

Deng, 2011, Prevalence and clinical features of human papillomavirus in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Okinawa, southern Japan, Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 268, 1625, 10.1007/s00405-011-1515-0

Fischer, 2007, Analysis of exon 2 of MTS1 in HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors of the head and neck region, Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 264, 801, 10.1007/s00405-007-0258-4

Fischer, 2003, Evaluation and application of a broad-spectrum polymerase chain reaction assay for human papillomaviruses in the screening of squamous cell tumours of the head and neck, Acta Otolaryngol, 123, 752, 10.1080/00016480310001420

Fouret, 1995, Human papillomavirus infection in the malignant and premalignant head and neck epithelium, Diagn Mol Pathol, 4, 122, 10.1097/00019606-199506000-00008

Gallo, 2009, Detection of human papillomavirus and adenovirus in benign and malignant lesions of the larynx, Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 141, 276, 10.1016/j.otohns.2009.04.021

Garcia-Milian, 1998, Detection and typing of human papillomavirus DNA in benign and malignant tumours of laryngeal epithelium, Acta Otolaryngol, 118, 754, 10.1080/00016489850183313

Gorgoulis, 1994, Expression of p53 protein in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and dysplasia: possible correlation with human papillomavirus infection and clinicopathological findings, Virchows Arch, 425, 481, 10.1007/BF00197551

Gorgoulis, 1999, Human papilloma virus (HPV) is possibly involved in laryngeal but not in lung carcinogenesis, Hum Pathol, 30, 274, 10.1016/S0046-8177(99)90005-9

Gudleviciene, 2009, Prevalence of human papillomavirus and other risk factors in Lithuanian patients with head and neck cancer, Oncology, 76, 205, 10.1159/000201573

Guvenc, 2008, Detection of HHV-8 and HPV in laryngeal carcinoma, Auris Nasus Larynx, 35, 357, 10.1016/j.anl.2007.08.006

Hoffmann, 2005, Human papillomaviruses in head and neck cancer: 8 year-survival-analysis of 73 patients, Cancer Lett, 218, 199, 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.09.027

Hoffmann, 1998, Prevalence of human papillomavirus in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck determined by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot hybridization: proposal for optimized diagnostic requirements, Acta Otolaryngol, 118, 138, 10.1080/00016489850155279

Hoffmann, 2006, HPV16 DNA in histologically confirmed tumour-free neck lymph nodes of head and neck cancers, Anticancer Res, 26, 663

Hoffmann, 2009, Human papillomavirus and p53 polymorphism in codon 72 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, Oncol Rep, 21, 809

Kleist, 2000, First hints for a correlation between amplification of the Int-2 gene and infection with human papillomavirus in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, J Oral Pathol Med, 29, 432, 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2000.290903.x

Koskinen, 2007, Alcohol, smoking and human papillomavirus in laryngeal carcinoma: a Nordic prospective multicenter study, J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 133, 673, 10.1007/s00432-007-0219-8

Koskinen, 2003, Prevalence and physical status of human papillomavirus in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, Int J Cancer, 107, 401, 10.1002/ijc.11381

Lee, 2011, Is human papillomavirus a causative factor of glottic cancer?, J Voice, 25, 770

Lie, 1996, Presence of human papillomavirus in squamous cell laryngeal carcinomas. A study of thirty-nine cases using polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization, Acta Otolaryngol, 116, 900, 10.3109/00016489609137949

Lindeberg, 1999, Laryngeal cancer and human papillomavirus: HPV is absent in the majority of laryngeal carcinomas, Cancer Lett, 146, 9, 10.1016/S0304-3835(99)00210-4

Major, 2005, The characteristics of human papillomavirus DNA in head and neck cancers and papillomas, J Clin Pathol, 58, 51, 10.1136/jcp.2004.016634

Manjarrez, 2006, Detection of human papillomavirus and relevant tumor suppressors and oncoproteins in laryngeal tumors, Clin Cancer Res, 12, 6946, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-1214

Miranda, 2009, Galectin-3 overexpression in invasive laryngeal carcinoma, assessed by computer-assisted analysis, J Histochem Cytochem, 57, 665, 10.1369/jhc.2009.952960

Mitra, 2007, Interplay between human papilloma virus infection and p53 gene alterations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of an Indian patient population, J Clin Pathol, 60, 1040, 10.1136/jcp.2005.034835

Morshed, 2010, Association between human papillomavirus infection and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, J Med Virol, 82, 1017, 10.1002/jmv.21749

Morshed, 2005, Immunohistochemical demonstration of multiple HPV types in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 262, 917, 10.1007/s00405-005-0925-2

Morshed, 2008, Short-fragment PCR assay for highly sensitive broad-spectrum detection of human papillomaviruses in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and normal mucosa: clinico-pathological evaluation, Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 265, S89, 10.1007/s00405-007-0569-5

Morshed, 2010, Usefulness and efficiency of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in HPV detection by IHC and PCR/DEIA, Folia Histochem Cytobiol, 48, 398, 10.2478/v10042-010-0025-z

Nishioka, 1999, Human papillomavirus as a risk factor for head and neck cancers–a case-control study, Acta Otolaryngol Suppl, 540, 77

Ogura, 1991, Presence of human papillomavirus type 18 DNA in a pharyngeal and a laryngeal carcinoma, Jpn J Cancer Res, 82, 1184, 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1991.tb01776.x

Peralta, 2010, Increased expression of cellular retinol-binding protein 1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 136, 931, 10.1007/s00432-009-0735-9

Poljak, 1997, Human papillomaviruses: a study of their prevalence in the epithelial hyperplastic lesions of the larynx, Acta Otolaryngol Suppl, 527, 66, 10.3109/00016489709124038

Ritta, 2009, Cell cycle and viral and immunologic profiles of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma as predictable variables of tumor progression, Head Neck, 31, 318, 10.1002/hed.20977

Sabbir, 2006, Genetic alterations (amplification and rearrangement) of D-type cyclins loci in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of Indian patients: prognostic significance and clinical implications, Diagn Mol Pathol, 15, 7, 10.1097/00019606-200603000-00002

Salam, 1995, General primer-mediated polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection and typing of human papillomavirus DNA in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas, Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci, 20, 84, 10.1111/j.1365-2273.1995.tb00019.x

Snijders, 1996, Prevalence of mucosotropic human papillomaviruses in squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck, Int J Cancer, 66, 464, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19960516)66:4<464::AID-IJC9>3.0.CO;2-U

Torrente, 2005, Molecular detection and typing of human papillomavirus in laryngeal carcinoma specimens, Acta Otolaryngol, 125, 888, 10.1080/00016480510038220

Tyan, 1993, Detection of Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus in head and neck tumors, J Clin Microbiol, 31, 53, 10.1128/JCM.31.1.53-56.1993

Venuti, 2000, Physical state and expression of human papillomavirus in laryngeal carcinoma and surrounding normal mucosa, J Med Virol, 60, 396, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(200004)60:4<396::AID-JMV6>3.0.CO;2-V

Vlachtsis, 2005, Clinical and molecular prognostic factors in operable laryngeal cancer, Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 262, 890, 10.1007/s00405-005-0916-3

Brandsma, 1989, Association of papillomavirus with cancers of the head and neck, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 115, 621, 10.1001/archotol.1989.01860290079018

Smith, 2000, Human papillomavirus and risk of laryngeal cancer, Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 109, 1069, 10.1177/000348940010901114

Dillner, 1995, Prospective seroepidemiological evidence that human papillomavirus type 16 infection is a risk factor for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, BMJ, 311, 1346, 10.1136/bmj.311.7016.1346

Cook, 2000, Squamous cell carcinoma arising in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis with pulmonary involvement: emerging common pattern of clinical features and human papillomavirus serotype association, Mod Pathol, 13, 914, 10.1038/modpathol.3880164

Lin, 2010, Malignant transformation of a highly aggressive human papillomavirus type 11-associated recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, Am J Otolaryngol, 31, 291, 10.1016/j.amjoto.2009.02.019

Reidy, 2004, Integration of human papillomavirus type 11 in recurrent respiratory papilloma-associated cancer, Laryngoscope, 114, 1906, 10.1097/01.mlg.0000147918.81733.49

Gerein, 2005, Use of interferon-alpha in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: 20-year follow-up, Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 114, 463, 10.1177/000348940511400608

Klozar, 1997, Laryngeal papilloma–precancerous condition?, Acta Otolaryngol Suppl, 527, 100, 10.3109/00016489709124046

Hartley, 1994, Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis–the Manchester experience, 1974-1992, J Laryngol Otol, 108, 226, 10.1017/S0022215100126350

Donne, 2010, The role of HPV type in Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis, Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 74, 7, 10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.09.004

Torrente, 2011, Human papillomavirus infections in laryngeal cancer, Head Neck, 33, 581, 10.1002/hed.21421

Lopes, 2011, Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity rarely harbours oncogenic human papillomavirus, Oral Oncol, 47, 698, 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.04.022

Zhang, 2004, Human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 DNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal mucosa, Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 33, 71, 10.1054/ijom.2002.0443

Huang, 2010, Oral sex is a risk factor for human papillomavirus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma in husbands of women with cervical cancer, Gynecol Obstet Invest, 70, 73, 10.1159/000291199

Laantri, 2011, Human papillomavirus detection in Moroccan patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Infect Agent Cancer, 6, 3, 10.1186/1750-9378-6-3

Lo, 2010, Human papillomavirus and WHO type I nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Laryngoscope, 120, 1990, 10.1002/lary.21089

Maxwell, 2010, HPV-positive/p16-positive/EBV-negative nasopharyngeal carcinoma in white North Americans, Head Neck, 32, 562, 10.1002/hed.21216

Mineta, 1998, Human papilloma virus (HPV) type 16 and 18 detected in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, Anticancer Res, 18, 4765

Mirzamani, 2006, Detection of EBV and HPV in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by in situ hybridization, Exp Mol Pathol, 81, 231, 10.1016/j.yexmp.2006.04.006

Singhi, 2012, High-risk human papillomavirus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Head Neck, 34, 213, 10.1002/hed.21714

Bryan, 1990, Detection of HPV 6 and 11 in tumours of the upper respiratory tract using the polymerase chain reaction, Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci, 15, 177, 10.1111/j.1365-2273.1990.tb00453.x

Kassim, 1998, Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus, and flow cytometric cell cycle kinetics in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and inverted papilloma among Egyptian patients, Dis Markers, 14, 113, 10.1155/1998/260392

Krishna, 2004, Human papilloma virus infection in Indian nasopharyngeal carcinomas in relation to the histology of tumour, Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 47, 181

Huang, 2011, Human papilloma virus detection in neoplastic and non-neoplastic nasopharyngeal tissues in Taiwan, J Clin Pathol, 64, 571, 10.1136/jcp.2010.087742

Licitra, 2008, Human papillomavirus in HNSCC: a European epidemiologic perspective, Hematol Oncol Clin North Am, 22, 1143, 10.1016/j.hoc.2008.10.002

Hocking, 2011, Head and neck cancer in Australia between 1982 and 2005 show increasing incidence of potentially HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancers, Br J Cancer, 104, 886, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6606091

Munoz, 2003, Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer, N Engl J Med, 348, 518, 10.1056/NEJMoa021641

Schiffman, 2009, Classification of weakly carcinogenic human papillomavirus types: addressing the limits of epidemiology at the borderline, Infect Agent Cancer, 4, 8, 10.1186/1750-9378-4-8

Walboomers, 1999, Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide, J Pathol, 189, 12, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199909)189:1<12::AID-PATH431>3.0.CO;2-F

Gillison, 2004, A causal role for human papillomavirus in head and neck cancer, Lancet, 363, 1488, 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16194-1

Kreimer, 2004, Oral human papillomavirus infection in adults is associated with sexual behavior and HIV serostatus, J Infect Dis, 189, 686, 10.1086/381504

Kreimer, 2011, The epidemiology of oral HPV infection among a multinational sample of healthy men, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 20, 172, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0682

Matsushita, 2011, Oral and cervical human papillomavirus infection among female sex workers in Japan, Jpn J Infect Dis, 64, 34, 10.7883/yoken.64.34

Parisi, 2011, Anal and oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in HIV infected subjects in Northern Italy: a longitudinal cohort study among men who have sex with men, BMC Infect Dis, 11, 150, 10.1186/1471-2334-11-150

Boonyanurak, 2010, Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection (HPV) and correlation with postmenopausal hormonal therapy in Thai women aged more than 45 years old, J Med Assoc Thai, 93, 9

Esquenazi, 2010, The frequency of human papillomavirus findings in normal oral mucosa of healthy people by PCR, Braz J Otorhinolaryngol, 76, 78, 10.1590/S1808-86942010000100013

Termine, 2009, Low rate of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women screened for cervical HPV infection in Southern Italy: a cross-sectional study of 140 immunocompetent subjects, J Med Virol, 81, 1438, 10.1002/jmv.21509

do Sacramento, 2006, The prevalence of human papillomavirus in the oropharynx in healthy individuals in a Brazilian population, J Med Virol, 78, 614, 10.1002/jmv.20583

D'Souza, 2009, Oral sexual behaviors associated with prevalent oral human papillomavirus infection, J Infect Dis, 199, 1263, 10.1086/597755

Smith, 2004, HPV prevalence and concordance in the cervix and oral cavity of pregnant women, Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol, 12, 45, 10.1080/10647440400009896

Smith, 2007, Prevalence of human papillomavirus in the oral cavity/oropharynx in a large population of children and adolescents, Pediatr Infect Dis J, 26, 836, 10.1097/INF.0b013e318124a4ae

Summersgill, 2001, Human papillomavirus in the oral cavities of children and adolescents, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 91, 62, 10.1067/moe.2001.108797

Kreimer, 2010, Oral human papillomavirus in healthy individuals: a systematic review of the literature, Sex Transm Dis, 37, 386, 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181c94a3b

D'Souza, 2007, Six-month natural history of oral versus cervical human papillomavirus infection, Int J Cancer, 121, 143, 10.1002/ijc.22667

Huh, 2009, Human papillomavirus infection: a concise review of natural history, Obstet Gynecol, 114, 139, 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181ab6878

Insinga, 2009, Epidemiologic natural history and clinical management of human papillomavirus (HPV) disease: a critical and systematic review of the literature in the development of an HPV dynamic transmission model, BMC Infect Dis, 9, 119, 10.1186/1471-2334-9-119

Kurose, 2004, Low prevalence of HPV infection and its natural history in normal oral mucosa among volunteers on Miyako Island, Japan, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 98, 91, 10.1016/j.tripleo.2003.12.029

Rintala, 2006, Natural history of oral papillomavirus infections in spouses: a prospective Finnish HPV Family Study, J Clin Virol, 35, 89, 10.1016/j.jcv.2005.05.012

Rintala, 2005, High-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in oral and genital mucosa of infants during their first 3 years of life: experience from the Finnish HPV Family Study, Clin Infect Dis, 41, 1728, 10.1086/498114

D'Souza G, Kluz N, Stammer E, et al. Oral HPV prevalence and persistence among high risk young adults. 27th International Papillomavirus Conference and Clinical Workshop. Berlin, September 17–22, 2011. Poster P-16.36.

Benard, 2008, Examining the association between socioeconomic status and potential human papillomavirus-associated cancers, Cancer, 113, 2910, 10.1002/cncr.23742

Ang, 2010, Human papillomavirus and survival of patients with oropharyngeal cancer, N Engl J Med, 363, 24, 10.1056/NEJMoa0912217

Beachler, 2010, Nuances in the changing epidemiology of head and neck cancer, Oncology, 24, 924

Ryerson, 2008, Burden of potentially human papillomavirus-associated cancers of the oropharynx and oral cavity in the US, 1998-2003, Cancer, 113, 2901, 10.1002/cncr.23745

Rajkumar, 2003, Oral cancer in Southern India: the influence of body size, diet, infections and sexual practices, Eur J Cancer Prev, 12, 135, 10.1097/00008469-200304000-00007

Rosenquist, 2005, Oral status, oral infections and some lifestyle factors as risk factors for oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. A population-based case-control study in southern Sweden, Acta Otolaryngol, 125, 1327, 10.1080/00016480510012273

Heck, 2010, Sexual behaviours and the risk of head and neck cancers: a pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium, Int J Epidemiol, 39, 166, 10.1093/ije/dyp350

D'Souza, 2010, Moderate predictive value of demographic and behavioral characteristics for a diagnosis of HPV16-positive and HPV16-negative head and neck cancer, Oral Oncol, 46, 100, 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2009.11.004

Maxwell, 2010, Tobacco use in human papillomavirus-positive advanced oropharynx cancer patients related to increased risk of distant metastases and tumor recurrence, Clin Cancer Res, 16, 1226, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2350

Schrank, 2011, Case-matching analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in racial and ethnic minorities in the United States–possible role for human papillomavirus in survival disparities, Head Neck, 33, 45, 10.1002/hed.21398

Ringstrom, 2002, Human papillomavirus type 16 and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, Clin Cancer Res, 8, 3187

Fukushima, 1994, Human papillomavirus type 16 DNA detected by the polymerase chain reaction in non-cancer tissues of the head and neck, Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 251, 109, 10.1007/BF00179903

Anaya-Saavedra, 2008, High association of human papillomavirus infection with oral cancer: a case-control study, Arch Med Res, 39, 189, 10.1016/j.arcmed.2007.08.003

Balaram, 1995, Human papillomaviruses in 91 oral cancers from Indian betel quid chewers–high prevalence and multiplicity of infections, Int J Cancer, 61, 450, 10.1002/ijc.2910610403

Campisi, 2006, HPV infection in relation to OSCC histological grading and TNM stage. Evaluation by traditional statistics and fuzzy logic model, Oral Oncol, 42, 638, 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.11.007

Cunningham, 2006, Overexpression of p16INK4 is a reliable marker of human papillomavirus-induced oral high-grade squamous dysplasia, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 102, 77, 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.11.028

da Silva, 2007, Prevalence of human papillomavirus in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 104, 497, 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.04.028

D'Costa, 1998, Detection of HPV-16 genome in human oral cancers and potentially malignant lesions from India, Oral Oncol, 34, 413, 10.1016/S1368-8375(98)00028-1

Hafkamp, 2003, A subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas exhibits integration of HPV 16/18 DNA and overexpression of p16INK4A and p53 in the absence of mutations in p53 exons 5-8, Int J Cancer, 107, 394, 10.1002/ijc.11389

Ibieta, 2005, Human papilloma virus in oral squamous cell carcinoma in a Mexican population, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 99, 311, 10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.04.010

Ishibashi, 2011, The prevalence of human papillomavirus in oral premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma in comparison to cervical lesions used as a positive control, Int J Clin Oncol, 16, 646, 10.1007/s10147-011-0236-0

Jalouli, 2010, Presence of human papilloma virus, herpes simplex virus and Epstein-Barr virus DNA in oral biopsies from Sudanese patients with regard to toombak use, J Oral Pathol Med, 39, 599, 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00910.x

Joo, 2012, High-risk human papillomavirus and cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with oropharyngeal cancer, Head Neck, 34, 10, 10.1002/hed.21697

Koppikar, 2005, Identification of human papillomaviruses in tumors of the oral cavity in an Indian community, Int J Cancer, 113, 946, 10.1002/ijc.20664

Kozomara, 2005, p53 mutations and human papillomavirus infection in oral squamous cell carcinomas: correlation with overall survival, J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 33, 342, 10.1016/j.jcms.2005.05.004

Lee, 2010, Relevance of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection to carcinogenesis of oral tongue cancer, Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 39, 678, 10.1016/j.ijom.2010.03.014

Liang, 2008, Prevalence and significance of human papillomavirus in oral tongue cancer: the Mayo Clinic experience, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 66, 1875, 10.1016/j.joms.2008.04.009

Lohavanichbutr, 2009, Genomewide gene expression profiles of HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer: potential implications for treatment choices, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 135, 180, 10.1001/archoto.2008.540

Machado, 2010, Low prevalence of human papillomavirus in oral cavity carcinomas, Head Neck Oncol, 2, 6, 10.1186/1758-3284-2-6

Mao, 1996, Human papilloma viruses and p53 mutations in normal pre-malignant and malignant oral epithelia, Int J Cancer, 69, 152, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19960422)69:2<152::AID-IJC15>3.0.CO;2-B

Mendelsohn, 2010, Histopathologic findings of HPV and p16 positive HNSCC, Laryngoscope, 120, 1788, 10.1002/lary.21044

Nagpal, 2002, Prevalence of high-risk human papilloma virus types and its association with P53 codon 72 polymorphism in tobacco addicted oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients of Eastern India, Int J Cancer, 97, 649, 10.1002/ijc.10112

Nemes, 2006, Expression of p16(INK4A), p53, and Rb proteins are independent from the presence of human papillomavirus genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 102, 344, 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.10.069

Oliveira, 2008, HPV infection in Brazilian oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and its correlation with clinicopathological outcomes, Mol Med Report, 1, 123

Oliveira, 2009, High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is not associated with p53 and bcl-2 expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas, Auris Nasus Larynx, 36, 450, 10.1016/j.anl.2008.10.011

Premoli-De-Percoco, 2001, High risk human papillomavirus in oral squamous carcinoma: evidence of risk factors in a Venezuelan rural population. Preliminary report, J Oral Pathol Med, 30, 355, 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2001.300605.x

Ragin, 2006, 11q13 amplification status and human papillomavirus in relation to p16 expression defines two distinct etiologies of head and neck tumours, Br J Cancer, 95, 1432, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603394

Ribeiro, 2011, Low human papillomavirus prevalence in head and neck cancer: results from two large case-control studies in high-incidence regions, Int J Epidemiol, 40, 489, 10.1093/ije/dyq249

Riethdorf, 1997, p53 gene mutations and HPV infection in primary head and neck squamous cell carcinomas do not correlate with overall survival: a long-term follow-up study, J Oral Pathol Med, 26, 315, 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1997.tb00222.x

Rivero, 2006, HPV in oral squamous cell carcinomas of a Brazilian population: amplification by PCR, Braz Oral Res, 20, 21, 10.1590/S1806-83242006000100005

Saini, 2011, Significant association of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) but not of p53 polymorphisms with oral squamous cell carcinomas in Malaysia, J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 137, 311, 10.1007/s00432-010-0886-8

Scapoli, 2009, Low prevalence of human papillomavirus in squamous-cell carcinoma limited to oral cavity proper, Mod Pathol, 22, 366, 10.1038/modpathol.2008.180

Simonato, 2008, Detection of HPV in mouth floor squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathologic variables, risk factors and survival, J Oral Pathol Med, 37, 593, 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00704.x

Smith, 2010, Human papillomavirus, p16 and p53 expression associated with survival of head and neck cancer, Infect Agent Cancer, 5, 4, 10.1186/1750-9378-5-4

Soares, 2007, Human papillomavirus in oral squamous cells carcinoma in a population of 75 Brazilian patients, Am J Otolaryngol, 28, 397, 10.1016/j.amjoto.2006.11.012

St Guily, 2011, Human papillomavirus genotype distribution in oropharynx and oral cavity cancer in France–the EDiTH VI study, J Clin Virol, 51, 100, 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.03.003

Sugiyama, 2003, Detection of human papillomavirus-16 and HPV-18 DNA in normal, dysplastic, and malignant oral epithelium, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 95, 594, 10.1067/moe.2003.36

Tang, 2003, Comparative study of HPV prevalence in Japanese and North-east Chinese oral carcinoma, J Oral Pathol Med, 32, 393, 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2003.00122.x

Tsuhako, 2000, Comparative study of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Okinawa, Southern Japan and Sapporo in Hokkaido, Northern Japan; with special reference to human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus infection, J Oral Pathol Med, 29, 70, 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2000.290204.x

Weiss, 2011, Prevalence and impact on clinicopathological characteristics of human papillomavirus-16 DNA in cervical lymph node metastases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, Head Neck, 33, 856, 10.1002/hed.21548

Yamakawa-Kakuta, 2009, Does the expression of HPV16/18 E6/E7 in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas relate to their clinicopathological characteristics?, Int J Oncol, 35, 983

Gungor, 2007, Human papilloma virus prevalence in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, J Laryngol Otol, 121, 772, 10.1017/S0022215107006482

Rodrigo, 2002, Genetic alterations in squamous cell carcinomas of the hypopharynx with correlations to clinicopathological features, Oral Oncol, 38, 357, 10.1016/S1368-8375(01)00071-9