Epidemiology of Hepatitis B virus and genotype

Allain, 2004, Occult hepatitis B virus infection: implications in transfusion, Vox Sang, 86, 83, 10.1111/j.0042-9007.2004.00406.x Allain, 1999, Evidence that anti-HBc but not HBV DNA testing may prevent some HBV transmission by transfusion, Br J Haematol, 107, 186, 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01665.x Allain, 2003, The risk of hepatitis B virus infection by transfusion in Kumasi, Ghana, Blood, 101, 2419, 10.1182/blood-2002-04-1084 Amarapenkar, 2002, Profile of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B, Indian J Gastroenterology, 21, 99 Aoki, 1993, Significance of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in blood donors as determined by their serological response to hepatitis B vaccine, Transfusion, 33, 362, 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1993.33593255593.x Biswas, 2003, Comparative sensitivity of HBV NATs and HBsAg assays for detection of acute HBV infection, Transfusion, 43, 788, 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00424.x Blajchman, 1995, Post-transfusion hepatitis: impact of non-A, non-B surrogate tests, Lancet, 345, 21, 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)91153-7 Burkh, 1994, Outcome of perinatal hepatitis B virus exposure is dependent on maternal viral load, J Inf Dis, 170, 1418, 10.1093/infdis/170.6.1418 Candotti, 2006, Molecular and serological characterization of hepatitis B virus in deferred Ghanaian blood donors with and without elevated alanine aminotransferase, J Hepatitis, 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00741.x Chu, 2002, Hepatitis B virus genotype B is associated with earlier HBsAg seroconversion compared with hepatitis B virus genotype C, Gastroenterology, 122, 1756, 10.1053/gast.2002.33588 Chu, 2004, Natural history of hepatitis B e antigen to antibody seroconversion in patients with normal serum aminotransferase levels, Am J Med, 116, 829, 10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.12.040 Davidson, 2005, Hepatitis B virus genotypes and precore mutations in Scottish blood donors, Vox Sang, 88, 87, 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2005.00597.x Dickson, 1997, Transmission of hepatitis B by transplantation of livers from donors positive for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, Gastroenterology, 113, 1668, 10.1053/gast.1997.v113.pm9352871 Grandjacques, 2000, Rapid detection of genotypes and mutations in the pre-core promoter and the pre-core region of hepatitis B virus genome: correlation with viral persistence and disease severity, J Hepatol, 33, 430, 10.1016/S0168-8278(00)80279-2 Hasan, 2002, Chronic carriers of the hepatitis B virus in Bangladesh: a comparative analysis of HBV DNA, HBeAg/anti-HBe and liver function tests, Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 33, 110 Hennig, 2002, Frequency and load of hepatitis B virus DNA in first-time blood donors with antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen, Blood, 100, 2637, 10.1182/blood-2002-03-0798 Ip, 1989, Prevention of hepatitis B virus carrier state in infants according to maternal serum levels of HBV DNA, Lancet, 1, 406, 10.1016/S0140-6736(89)90003-2 Jardi, 2001, Quantitative detection of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum by a new rapid real-time fluorescence PCR assay, J Viral Hepatitis, 8, 465, 10.1046/j.1365-2893.2001.00322.x Kessler, 2000, Identification of different states of hepatitis B virus infection with quantitative PCR assay, Clin Diag Lab Immunol, 7, 298, 10.1128/CDLI.7.2.298-300.2000 Kimura, 2003, New enzyme immunoassay for detection of hepatitis B virus core antigen (HbcAg) and relation between levels of HbcAg and HBV DNA, J Clin Microbiol, 41, 1901, 10.1128/JCM.41.5.1901-1906.2003 Kleinman, 2005, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA screening of blood donations in minipools with COBAS ampliscreen HBV test, Transfusion, 45, 1247, 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2005.00198.x Kuhns, 2004, Lack of correlation between HBsAg and HBV DNA levels in blood donors who test positive for HBsAg and anti-HBc: implications for future HBV screening policy, Transfusion, 44, 1332, 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.04055.x Loeb, 2000, High-throughput quantitative analysis of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum using the Taqman fluorogenic detection system, Hepatology, 32, 626, 10.1053/jhep.2000.9878 Lopez, 2002, Assessment of the COBAS Amplicor monitor test for quantitation of serum hepatitis B virus DNA levels, J Clin Microbiol, 40, 1972, 10.1128/JCM.40.6.1972-1976.2002 Michalak, 1994, Hepatitis B virus persistence after recovery from acute viral hepatitis, J Clin Invest, 93, 230, 10.1172/JCI116950 Mosley, 1995, Donor screening for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen and hepatitis B virus infection in transfusion recipients, Transfusion, 35, 5, 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1995.35195090661.x Murokawa, 2005, Epidemiology of blood donors in Japan, positive for hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus by nucleic acid amplification testing, Vox Sang, 88, 10, 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2005.00581.x Nogales, 2004, Determination of hepatitis B virus genotype and detection of lamivudine-resistance mutations, Gastroenterol Hepatol, 27, 515, 10.1157/13068136 Ohkubo, 2002, Viral load is a significant prognostic factor for hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma, Cancer, 94, 2663, 10.1002/cncr.10557 Owusu-Ofori, 2005, Pre-donation screening of blood donors with rapid tests: implementation and efficacy of a novel approach to blood safety in resource-poor settings, Transfusion, 45, 133, 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.04279.x Pang, 2004, Real-time quantification of hepatitis B virus core-promoter and pre-core mutants during hepatitis e antigen seroconversion, J Hepatol, 40, 1008, 10.1016/S0168-8278(04)00098-4 Pas, 2000, Development of a quantitative real-time detection assay for hepatitis B virus DNA and comparison with two commercial assays, J Clin Microbiol, 38, 2897, 10.1128/JCM.38.8.2897-2901.2000 Perez-Olmeda, 2003, Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in HIV-infected patients with chronic hepatitis B: therapeutic implications, AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 19, 657, 10.1089/088922203322280874 Pillonel, 2004, Risque residuel de transmission du VIH, du VHC et du VHB par transfusion sanguine entre 1992 et 2002 en France et impact du depistage genomique vital, Transfus Clin Biol, 11, 81, 10.1016/j.tracli.2004.02.004 Prince, 2001, Infectivity of blood from PCR-positive, HBsAg negative, anti-HBs positive cases of resolved hepatitis B infection, Transfusion, 41, 329, 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41030329.x Rehermann, 1996, The hepatitis B virus persists for decades after patients' recovery from acute viral hepatitis despite active maintenance of a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response, Nat Med, 2, 1104, 10.1038/nm1096-1104 Ren, 1998, Studies on hepatitis B virus infection in blood donors with positive anti-HBc and negative HBsAg, Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi, 32, 7 Roche, 1997, De novo and apparent de novo hepatitis B virus infection after liver transplantation, J Hepatol, 26, 517, 10.1016/S0168-8278(97)80416-3 Roth, 2002, NAT for HBV and anti-HBc testing increase blood safety, Transfusion, 42, 869, 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00128.x Sanchez-Tapias, 2002, Influence of hepatitis B virus genotype on the long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B in Western patients, Gastroenterology, 123, 1845, 10.1053/gast.2002.37041 Sato, 2001, Comparison of the sensitivity of NAT using pooled donor samples for HBV and that of a serologic HBsAg assay, Transfusion, 41, 1107, 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41091107.x Schifman, 1993, Significance of isolated hepatitis B core antibody in blood donors, Arch Intern Med, 153, 2261, 10.1001/archinte.153.19.2261 Suzuki, 2003, Distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes among HBV carriers in the Cote d'Ivoire: complete genome sequence and phylogenetic relatedness of HBV genotype E, J Med Virol, 69, 459, 10.1002/jmv.10331 Uemoto, 1998, Transmission of hepatitis B virus from hepatitis B core antibody-positive donors in living related liver transplants, Transplantation, 65, 494, 10.1097/00007890-199802270-00007 Weiss, 2004, Real time Taqman PCR dtectection and quantitation of HBV genotypes A-G with the use of an internal quantitation standard, J Clin Virol, 30, 86, 10.1016/j.jcv.2003.08.015 Yalcin, 2003, Markers of disease activity in chronic hepatitis B virus infection, Clin Invest Med, 26, 27 Yoshikawa, 2005, Hepatitis B NAT virus-positive blood donors in the early and late stages of HBV infection: analyses of the window period and kinetics of HBV DNA, Vox Sang, 88, 77, 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2005.00602.x