Epidemiology and environmental factors in preterm labour

Savitz, 2005, Should spontaneous and medically indicated preterm births be separated when studying aetiology?, Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 19, 97, 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2005.00637.x Anath, 2006, Recurrence of spontaneous versus medically indicated preterm birth, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 195, 643, 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.05.022 Moutquin, 2003, Classification and heterogeneity of preterm birth, BJOG, 110, 30, 10.1016/S1470-0328(03)00021-1 Ancel, 1999, Very and moderate preterm births: are the risk factors different?, BJOG, 106, 1162, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08142.x Zeitlin, 2001, Are risk factors the same for small gestational age versus other preterm births?, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 185, 208, 10.1067/mob.2001.114869 Bradford Hill, 1965, The environment and disease; association or causation?, Proc R Soc Med, 58, 295 Lumley, 2003, Defining the problem: the epidemiology of preterm birth, BJOG, 110, 3, 10.1016/S1470-0328(03)00011-9 Morken, 2005, Preterm birth in Sweden 1973–2001: rate, subgroups, and effect of changing patterns in multiple births, maternal age, and smoking, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 84, 572, 10.1111/j.0001-6349.2005.00765.x Langhoff-Roos, 2006, Spontaneous preterm delivery in primiparous women at low risk in Denmark: population based study, BMJ, 332, 937, 10.1136/bmj.38751.524132.2F Craig, 2002, Socioeconomic status and preterm birth: New Zealand trends; 1980 to 1999, Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 86, F142, 10.1136/fn.86.3.F142 Foix-L'Helias, 2000, Changes in risk factors of preterm delivery in France between 1981 and 1995, Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 14, 314, 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2000.00300.x Simhan, 2006, Prepregnancy body mass index, vaginal inflammation, and the racial disparity in preterm birth, Am J Epidemiol, 163, 459, 10.1093/aje/kwj053 Hatch, 2006, Race, cardiovascular reactivity, and preterm delivery among active-duty military women, Epidemiology, 17, 178, 10.1097/01.ede.0000199528.28234.73 Baker, 2006, Residential racial concentration and birth outcomes by nativity: do neighbours matter?, J Natl Med Assoc, 98, 172 Reagan, 2005, Race and ethnic differences in determinants of preterm birth in the US; broadening the social context, Soc Sci Med, 60, 2217, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.10.010 Heaman, 2005, Risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women in Manitoba, Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 19, 181, 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2005.00644.x Zeitlin, 2004, Preterm birth and maternal country of birth in a French district with a multiethnic population, BJOG, 111, 849, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00184.x Dietz, 2006, Combined effects of prepregnancy body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy on the risk of preterm delivery, Epidemiology, 17, 170, 10.1097/01.ede.0000198470.26932.9a Misra, 1998, Effects of physical activity on preterm birth, Am J Epidemiol, 147, 628, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009503 Haas, 2005, Prepregnancy health status and the risk of preterm delivery, Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 159, 58, 10.1001/archpedi.159.1.58 Da Silva, 2003, Young maternal age and preterm birth, Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 17, 340, 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2003.00515.x Eure, 2002, Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in young adolescent parturients in an inner-city hospital, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 186, 918, 10.1067/mob.2002.123986 Hsieh, 2005, The impact of interpregnancy interval and previous preterm birth on the subsequent risk of preterm birth, J Soc Gynecol Investig, 12, 202, 10.1016/j.jsgi.2004.12.004 Krymko, 2004, Risk factors for recurrent preterm delivery, Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 113, 160, 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2003.08.006 Buchmayer, 2004, Previous pregnancy loss: risks related to severity of preterm delivery, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 191, 1225, 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.02.066 Weiss, 2004, FASTER Consortium. Threatened abortion: A risk factor for poor pregnancy outcome, a population-based screening study, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 190, 745, 10.1016/j.ajog.2003.09.023 Moreau, 2005, Previous induced abortions and the risk of very preterm delivery: results of the EPIPAGE study, BJOG, 112, 430, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00478.x Ancel, 2004, History of induced abortion as a risk factor for preterm birth in European countries: results of the EUROPOP survey, Hum Reprod, 19, 734, 10.1093/humrep/deh107 Kilpatrick, 2006, Risk factors for previable premature rupture of membranes of advanced cervical dilation: a case control study, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 194, 1168, 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.12.017 Kyrgiou, 2006, Obstetric outcomes after conservative treatment for intraepithelial or early invasive cervical lesions: systematic review and meta-analysis, Lancet, 367, 489, 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68181-6 Medda, 2003, Genetic amniocentesis: a risk factor for preterm delivery?, Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 110, 153, 10.1016/S0301-2115(03)00106-4 Zeitlin, 2002, Fetal sex and preterm birth: are males at greater risk?, Hum Reprod, 17, 62, 10.1093/humrep/17.10.2762 Blondel, 2002, The impact of the increasing number of multiple births on the rates of preterm birth and low birthweight: an international study, Am J Public Health, 92, 1323, 10.2105/AJPH.92.8.1323 Verstraelen, 2005, Preterm birth in twins after subfertility treatment: population based cohort study, BMJ, 331, 1173, 10.1136/bmj.38625.685706.AE Astolfi, 2006, Paternal age and preterm birth in Italy, 1990 to 1998, Epidemiology, 17, 218, 10.1097/01.ede.0000197053.61176.f4 Zhu, 2005, Paternal age and preterm birth, Epidemiology, 16, 259, 10.1097/01.ede.0000152526.63279.da Kinzler, 2002, Parental age difference and adverse perinatal outcomes in the United States, Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 16, 297, 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2002.00449.x Carey, 2000, Metronidazole to prevent preterm delivery in pregnant women with asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units, N Engl J Med, 342, 534, 10.1056/NEJM200002243420802 Klebanoff, 2001, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units. Failure of metronidazole to prevent preterm delivery in pregnant women with asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis, N Engl J Med, 345, 487, 10.1056/NEJMoa003329 Andrews, 2006, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 194, 493, 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.08.054 Klebanoff, 2005, Is bacterial vaginosis a stronger risk factor for preterm birth when it is diagnosed earlier in gestation?, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 192, 470, 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.07.017 Nansel, 2006, The association of psychological stress and bacterial vaginosis in a longitudinal cohort, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 194, 381, 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.07.047 Carey, 2005, Is a change in the vaginal flora associated with an increased risk of preterm birth?, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 192, 1341, 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.12.069 McGaw, 2002, Periodontal disease and preterm delivery of low-birth-weight infants, J Can Dent Assoc, 68, 165 Offenbacher, 2006, Progressive periodontal disease and risk of very preterm delivery, Obstet Gynecol, 107, 29, 10.1097/01.AOG.0000190212.87012.96 Urban, 2006, Distribution of anaerobic bacteria among pregnant periodontitis patients, Anaerobe, 12, 52, 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2005.08.001 Davenport, 1998, The East London Study of Maternal Chronic Periodontal Disease and Preterm Low Birth Weight Infants: study design and prevalence data, Ann Periodontol, 3, 213, 10.1902/annals.1998.3.1.213 Boggess, 2006, Antepartum vaginal bleeding, fetal exposure to oral pathogens, and risk of preterm birth at <35 weeks of gestation, J Obstet Gynaecol, 194, 954 Fairley, 2006, Social class inequalities in perinatal outcomes: Scotland 1980–2000, J Epidemiol Community Health, 60, 31, 10.1136/jech.2005.038380 Grjibovski, 2005, Large social disparities in spontaneous preterm birth rates in transitional Russia, Public Health, 119, 77, 10.1016/j.puhe.2004.06.005 Covington, 2001, Preterm delivery and the severity of violence during pregnancy, J Reprod Med, 46, 1031 Neggers, 2004, Effects of domestic violence on preterm birth and low birth weight, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 83, 455, 10.1111/j.0001-6349.2004.00458.x Schoeman, 2005, Are domestic violence and the excessive use of alcohol risk factors for preterm birth?, J Trop Pediatr, 51, 49, 10.1093/tropej/fmh074 Zeitlin, 2002, Marital status, cohabitation, and risk of preterm birth in Europe: where outside marriage are common and uncommon, Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 16, 124, 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2002.00396.x Wadhwa, 2001, Stress, infection and preterm birth: a biobehavioural perspective, Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 15, 17, 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2001.00005.x Austin, 2000, Maternal stress and obstetric and infant outcomes: epidemiological findings and neuroendocrine mechanisms, Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 40, 331, 10.1111/j.1479-828X.2000.tb03344.x Hogue, 2001, Stress and preterm delivery: a conceptual framework, Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 15, 30, 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2001.00006.x Dole, 2003, Maternal stress and preterm birth, Am J Epidemiol, 157, 14, 10.1093/aje/kwf176 Dayan, 2002, Role of anxiety and depression in the onset of spontaneous preterm labor, Am J Epidemiol, 155, 293, 10.1093/aje/155.4.293 Neggers, 2006, The relationship between psychosocial profile, health practices, and pregnancy outcomes, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 85, 277, 10.1080/00016340600566121 Messer, 2005, Pregnancy intendedness, maternal psychosocial factors and preterm birth, Matern Child Health J, 9, 403, 10.1007/s10995-005-0021-7 Parazzini, 2003, Moderate alcohol drinking and risk of preterm birth, Eur J Clin Nutr, 57, 1345, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601690 Albertsen, 2004, Alcohol consumption during pregnancy and the risk of preterm delivery, Am J Epidemiol, 159, 155, 10.1093/aje/kwh034 Burguet, 2004, The complex relationship between smoking in pregnancy and very preterm delivery. Results of the Epipage study, BJOG, 111, 258, 10.1046/j.1471-0528.2003.00037.x Nabet, 2005, Smoking during pregnancy and preterm birth according to obstetric history; French perinatal surveys, Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 19, 88, 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2005.00639.x Kyrklund-Blomberg, 2005, Matermal smoling and causes of very preterm Birth, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 84, 558, 10.1111/j.0001-6349.2005.00848.x Bada, 2005, Low birth weight and preterm births: etiologic fraction attributable to prenatal drug exposure, J Perinatol, 25, 631, 10.1038/sj.jp.7211378 Kelly, 2002, Psychiatric and substance use disorders as risk factors for low birth weight and preterm delivery, Obstet Gynecol, 100, 297 Olesen, 2000, Pregnancy outcome following prescription for sumatriptan, Headache, 40, 20, 10.1046/j.1526-4610.2000.00003.x Ronnenberg, 2002, Preconception homocysteine and B vitamin status and birth outcomes in Chinese women, Am J Clin Nutr, 76, 1385, 10.1093/ajcn/76.6.1385 Vahratian, 2004, Multivitamin use and the risk of preterm birth, Am J Epidemiol, 160, 886, 10.1093/aje/kwh305 Facchinetti, 2005, Polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of preterm delivery, Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 9, 41 Olsen, 2002, Low consumption of seafood in early pregnancy as a risk factor for preterm delivery: prospective cohort study, BMJ, 324, 447, 10.1136/bmj.324.7335.447 Oken, 2004, Associations of seafood and elongated n-3 fatty acid intake with fetal growth and length of gestation: results from a US pregnancy cohort, Am J Epidemiol, 160, 774, 10.1093/aje/kwh282 Chiaffarino, 2006, Coffee drinking and risk of preterm birth, Eur J Clin Nutr, 60, 610, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602358 Maroziene, 2002, Maternal exposure to low-level air pollution and pregnancy outcomes: a population–based study, Environ Health, 1, 6, 10.1186/1476-069X-1-6 Sagiv, 2005, A time-series analysis of air pollution and preterm birth in Pennsylvania 1997–2001, Environ Health Perspect, 113, 602, 10.1289/ehp.7646 Ponce, 2005, Preterm birth: the interaction of traffic-related air pollution with ecomomic hardship in Los Angeles neighborhoods, Am J Epidemiol, 162, 140, 10.1093/aje/kwi173 Zhu, 2006, Occupational exposure to pesticides and pregnancy outcomes in gardeners and farmers: a study within the Danish National birth Cohort, J Occup Environ Med, 48, 347, 10.1097/01.jom.0000201566.42186.5f Farhang, 2005, Association of DDT and DDE with birth weight and length of gestation the Child Health and Development Studies, 1959–1967, Am J Epidemiol, 162, 717, 10.1093/aje/kwi276 Yang, 2004, Increased risk of preterm delivery among people living near the three oil refineries in Taiwan, Environ Int, 30, 337, 10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00180-6 Yang, 2003, Evidence for increased risks of preterm delivery in a population residing near a freeway in Taiwan, Arch Environ Health, 58, 649, 10.3200/AEOH.58.10.649-654 Yang, 2002, Association between petrochemical air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Taiwan, Arch Environ Health, 57, 461, 10.1080/00039890209601438 Tsai, 2003, Increased incidence of preterm delivery in mothers residing in an industrialized area in Taiwan, J Toxicol Environ Health A, 66, 987, 10.1080/15287390306396 Crider, 2005, Genetic variation associated with preterm birth: a HuGE review, Genet Med, 7, 593, 10.1097/01.gim.0000187223.69947.db Macones, 2004, A polymorphism in the promoter region of TNF and bacterial vaginosis preliminary evidence of gene–environment interaction in the etiology of spontaneous preterm birth, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 190, 1504, 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.01.001 Engel, 2005, Risk of spontaneous preterm; Birth is associated with common proinflammatory cytokine polymorphisms, Epidemiology, 16, 469, 10.1097/01.ede.0000164539.09250.31 Hartel, 2005, Polymorphisms of haemostasis genes as risk factors for preterm delivery, Thromb Haemost, 94, 88, 10.1160/TH04-10-0653 Johnson, 2005, Common dihydrofolate reductase 19-base pair deletion allele: a novel factor for preterm delivery, Am J Clin Nutr, 81, 664, 10.1093/ajcn/81.3.664 Selling, 2006, Intergenerational effects of preterm birth and reduced intrauterine growth: a population based study of Swedish mother–offspring pairs, BJOG, 113, 430, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.00872.x Basso, 1999, Study of environmental, social, and paternal factors in preterm delivery using sibs and half sibs. A population-based study in Denmark, J Epidemiol Community Health, 53, 20, 10.1136/jech.53.1.20 Honest, 2004, The accuracy of risk scores in predicting preterm birth – a systematic review, J Obstet Gynaecol, 24, 343, 10.1080/01443610410001685439 Tekesin, 2005, Evaluation and validation of a new risk score (CLEOPATRA score) to predict the probability of premature delivery for patients with threatened preterm labour, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 26, 699, 10.1002/uog.2633 To, 2006, Maternal characteristics and cervical length in the prediction of spontaneous early preterm delivery in twins, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 194, 1360, 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.11.001 Goffinet, 2005, Primary predictors of preterm labour, BJOG, 112, 38, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00583.x Green, 2005, March Of Dimes Scientific Advisory Committee On Prematurity. Research agenda for preterm birth: recommendations from the March of Dimes, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 193, 626, 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.02.106