Eosinophils: changing perspectives in health and disease
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Steinbach, K. H. et al. Estimation of kinetic parameters of neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and basophilic granulocytes in human blood. Blut 39, 27–38 (1979).
Lamousé-Smith, E. S. & Furuta, G. T. Eosinophils in the gastrointestinal tract. Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 8, 390–395 (2006).
Hogan, S. P. et al. Eosinophils: biological properties and role in health and disease. Clin. Exp. Allergy 38, 709–750 (2008).
Foster, P. S. et al. Elemental signals regulating eosinophil accumulation in the lung. Immunol. Rev. 179, 173–181 (2001).
Fabre, V. et al. Eosinophil deficiency compromises parasite survival in chronic nematode infection. J. Immunol. 182, 1577–1583 (2009). This study demonstrated that, in the absence of eosinophils, muscle-residentlarvae of the parasite Trichinella spiralis died in large numbers in an infected mouse model. These results suggest that, among other possibilities, eosinophils are recruited to sustain rather than eliminate parasitic infection, a potentially interesting reversal of the traditional view.
Gebreselassie, N. G. et al. Eosinophils preserve parasitic nematode larvae by regulating local immunity. J. Immunol. 188, 417–425 (2012).
Wegmann, M. Targeting eosinophil biology in asthma therapy. Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 45, 667–674 (2011).
Jacobsen, E. A., Ochkur, S. I., Lee, N. A. & Lee, J. J. Eosinophils and asthma. Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep. 7, 18–26 (2007).
Yu, C. et al. Targeted deletion of a high-affinity GATA-binding site in the GATA-1 promoter leads to selective loss of the eosinophil lineage in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 195, 1387–1395 (2002). This paper describes the serendipitous creation of the ΔdblGATA eosinophil-deficient mouse model.
Lee, J. J. et al. Defining a link with asthma in mice congenitally deficient in eosinophils. Science 305, 1773–1776 (2004). In this paper, the authors describe the creation of the TgPHIL eosinophil-deficient mouse model using a cytosuicide approach and demonstrate the role of eosinophils in inflammation and tissue remodelling in allergic airway disease.
Lee, J. J. et al. Human versus mouse eosinophils: “that which we call an eosinophil, by any other name would stain as red”. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 130, 572–584 (2012).
Shamri, R., Xenakis, J. J. & Spencer, L. A. Eosinophils in innate immunity: an evolving story. Cell Tissue Res. 343, 57–83 (2011).
Mould, A., Matthaei, K., Young, I. & Foster, P. Relationship between interleukin-5 and eotaxin in regulating blood and tissue eosinophilia in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 99, 1064–1071 (1997). The findings of this study demonstrate the interactions between IL-5 and CCL11 in promoting eosinophil release from the bone marrow and eosinophil homing to tissues.
Collins, P. D., Marleau, S., Griffiths-Johnson, D. A., Jose, P. J. & Williams, T. J. Cooperation between interleukin-5 and the chemokine eotaxin to induce eosinophil accumulation in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 182, 1169–1174 (1995).
Wong, C. K., Hu, S., Cheung, P. F. & Lam, C. W. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin induces chemotactic and prosurvival effects in eosinophils: implications in allergic inflammation. Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 43, 305–315 (2010).
Moro, K. et al. Innate production of TH2 cytokines by adipose tissue-associated c- Kit+Sca-1+ lymphoid cells. Nature 463, 540–544 (2010).
Neill, D. R. et al. Nuocytes represent a new innate effector leukocyte that mediates type-2 immunity. Nature 464, 1367–1370 (2010). As shown in this manuscript, stimulation with IL-25 and IL-33 causes a newly discovered innate effector leukocyte population to expand and to release the eosinophil-activating cytokines IL-5 and IL-13.
Ikutani, M. et al. Identification of innate IL-5-producing cells and their role in lung eosinophil regulation and antitumor immunity. J. Immunol. 188, 703–713 (2012).
Corrigan, C. J. et al. Allergen-induced expression of IL-25 and IL-25 receptor in atopic asthmatic airways and late-phase cutaneous responses. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 128, 116–124 (2011).
Terrier, B. et al. Interleukin-25: a cytokine linking eosinophils and adaptive immunity in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Blood 116, 4523–4531 (2010).
Mirchandani, A. S., Salmond, R. J. & Liew, F. Y. Interleukin-33 and the function of innate lymphoid cells. Trends Immunol. 33, 389–396 (2012).
Cherry, W. B., Yoon, J., Bartemes, K. R., Iijima, K. & Kita, H. A novel IL-4 family cytokine, IL-33, potently activates human eosinophils. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 121, 1484–1490 (2008).
Matsuba-Kitamura, S. et al. Contribution of IL-33 to induction and augmentation of experimental allergic conjunctivitis. Int. Immunol. 22, 479–489 (2010).
Mjösberg, J. M. et al. Human IL-25- and IL-33-responsive type 2 innate lymphoid cells are defined by expression of CRTH2 and CD161. Nature Immunol. 12, 1055–1062 (2011).
Li, Y. et al. Silencing IL-23 expression by small hairpin RNA protects against asthma in mice. Exp. Mol. Med. 43, 197–204 (2011).
Peng, J., Yang, X. O., Chang, S. H., Yang, J. & Dong, C. IL-23 signaling enhances Th2 polarization and regulates allergic airway inflammation. Cell Res. 20, 62–71 (2010).
Szymczak, W. A., Sellers, R. S. & Pirofski, L. A. IL-23 dampens theallergic response to Cryptococcus neoformans through IL-17-independent and -dependent mechanisms. Am. J. Pathol. 180, 1547–1559 (2012).
Lotfi, R., Lee, J. J. & Lotze, M. T. Eosinophilic granulocytes and damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs): role in the inflammatory response within tumors. J. Immunother. 30, 16–28 (2007). This paper is one of the first to consider a role for endogenous DAMPs in the induction of eosinophilic inflammation.
Dvorak, A. M., Estrella, P. & Ishizaka, T. Vesicular transport of peroxidase in human eosinophilic myelocytes. Clin. Exp. Allergy 24, 10–18 (1994).
Melo, R. C. et al. Human eosinophils secrete preformed, granule-stored interleukin-4 through distinct vesicular compartments. Traffic 6, 1047–1057 (2005).
Spencer, L. A. et al. Cytokine receptor-mediated trafficking of preformed IL-4 in eosinophils identifies an innate immune mechanism of cytokine secretion. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 3333–3338 (2006). This work documents the complexity of receptor-mediated intracellular trafficking and its contributions to piecemeal degranulation.
Lacy, P. & Stow, J. L. Cytokine release from innate immune cells: association with diverse membrane trafficking pathways. Blood 118, 9–18 (2011).
Neves, J. S. et al. Eosinophil granules function extracellularly as receptor-mediated secretory organelles. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 18478–18483 (2008).
Neves, J. S. & Weller, P. F. Functional extracellular eosinophil granules: novel implications in eosinophil immunobiology. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 21, 694–699 (2009).
Walsh, G. M. Antagonism of eosinophil accumulation in asthma. Recent Pat. Inflamm. Allergy Drug Discov. 4, 210–213 (2010).
Mackenzie, J., Mattes, J., Dent, L. & Foster, P. Eosinophils promote allergic disease of the lung by regulating CD4+ Th2 lymphocyte function. J. Immunol. 167, 3146–3155 (2001).
Mattes, J. et al. Intrinsic defect in T cell production of interleukin (IL)-13 in the absence of both IL-5 and eotaxin precludes the development of eosinophilia and airways hyperreactivity in experimental asthma. J. Exp. Med. 195, 1433–1444 (2002).
Wang, H. B., Ghiran, I., Matthaei, K. & Weller, P. F. Airway eosinophils: allergic inflammation recruited professional antigen-presenting cells. J. Immunol. 179, 7585–7592 (2007).
Jacobsen, E. A. et al. Allergic pulmonary inflammation in mice is dependent on eosinophil-induced recruitment of effector T cells. J. Exp. Med. 205, 699–710 (2008). An intriguing manuscript in which the authors use the eosinophil-deficient TgPHIL mouse model to demonstrate eosinophil-dependent recruitment of effector T cells to the lungs of allergen-challenged mice.
Jacobsen, E. A., Zellner, K. R., Colbert, D., Lee, N. A. & Lee, J. J. Eosinophils regulate dendritic cells and Th2 pulmonary immune responses following allergen provocation. J. Immunol. 87, 6059–6068 (2011).
Spencer, L. A. et al. Human eosinophils constitutively express multiple Th1,Th2 and immunoregulatory cytokines that are secreted rapidly and differentially. J. Leukoc. Biol. 85, 117–123 (2009).
Wang, H. B. & Weller, P. F. Pivotal advance: eosinophils mediate early alum adjuvant-elicited B cell priming and IgM production. J. Leukoc. Biol. 83, 817–821 (2008).
Chu, V. T. et al. Eosinophils are required for the maintenance of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Nature Immunol. 12, 151–159 (2011). In this study, the authors show that eosinophils and plasma cells colocalize in mouse bone marrow and that plasma cell survival is supported by the eosinophil secretory mediators APRIL and IL-6.
Chu, V. T. & Berek, C. Immunization induces activation of bone marrow eosinophil required for plasma cell survival. Eur. J. Immunol. 42, 130–137 (2012).
Voehringer, D., van Rooijen, N. & Locksley, R. M. Eosinophils develop in distinct stages and are recruited to peripheral sites by alternatively activated macrophages. J. Leukoc. Biol. 81, 1434–1444 (2007).
Dasgupta, P. & Keegan, A. D. Contribution of alternatively activated macrophages to allergic lung inflammation: a tale of mice and men. J. Innate Immun. 4, 478–488 (2012).
Falcone, F. H. et al. Brugia malayi homolog of macrophage migration inhibitory factor reveals an important link between macrophages and eosinophil recruitment during nematode infection. J. Immunol. 167, 5348–5354 (2001).
Webb, D. et al. Expression of the Ym2 lectin-binding protein is dependent on interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 signal transduction: identification of a novel allergy-associated protein. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 41969–41976 (2001).
Wu, D. et al. Eosinophils sustain adipose alternatively activated macrophages associated with glucose homeostasis. Science 332, 243–247 (2011).
Lotfi, R. & Lotze, M. Eosinophils induce DC maturation, regulating immunity. J. Leukoc. Biol. 83, 456–460 (2008).
Yang, D. et al. Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), an antimicrobial protein with chemotactic activities for dendritic cells. Blood. 102, 3396–3403 (2003).
Yang, D. et al. Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin acts as an alarmin to activate the TLR2–MyD88 signal pathway in dendritic cells and enhances Th2 immune responses. J. Exp. Med. 205, 79–90 (2008).
Elishmereni, M. et al. Physical interactions between mast cells and eosinophils: a novel mechanism enhancing eosinophil survival in vitro. Allergy 66, 376–385 (2011).
Pearce, E. J. & MacDonald, A. S. The immunobiology of schistosomiasis. Nature Rev. Immunol. 2, 499–511 (2002).
Sher, A., Coffman, R. L., Hieny, S. & Cheever, A. W. Ablation of eosinophil and IgE responses with anti-IL-5 or anti-IL-4 antibodies fails to affect immunity against Schistosoma mansoni in the mouse. J. Immunol. 145, 3911–3916 (1990).
Swartz, J. M. et al. Schistosoma mansoni infection in eosinophil lineage-ablated mice. Blood 108, 2420–2427 (2006).
Sasaki, O., Sugaya, H., Ishida, K. & Yoshimura, K. Ablation of eosinophils with anti-IL-5 antibody enhances the survival of intracranial worms of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the mouse. Parasite Immunol. 15, 349–454 (1993).
Rotman, H. L. et al. Strongyloides stercoralis: eosinophil-dependent immune-mediated killing of third stage larvae in BALB/cByJ mice. Exp. Parasitol. 82, 267–278 (1996).
Eriksson, J. et al. The 434(G>C) polymorphism within the coding sequence of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) correlates with the natural course of Schistosoma mansoni infection. Int. J. Parasitol. 37, 1359–1366 (2007).
Adu, B. et al. Polymorphisms in the RNASE3 gene are associated with susceptibility to cerebral malaria in Ghanaian children. PLoS ONE 6, e29465 (2011).
Lehrer, R. I. et al. Antibacterial properties of eosinophil major basic protein and eosinophil cationic protein. J. Immunol. 142, 4428–4434 (1989). This is one of the first papers to suggest an antimicrobial role for eosinophils.
Rosenberg, H. F. Recombinant human eosinophil cationic protein: ribonuclease activity is not essential for cytotoxicity. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 7876–7881 (1995).
Torrent, M., Navarro, S., Moussaoui, M., Nogués, M. V. & Boix, E. Eosinophil cationic protein high-affinity binding to bacteria-wall lipopolysaccharides and peptidoglycans. Biochemistry 47, 3544–3555 (2008).
Yousefi, S. et al. Catapult-like release of mitochondrial DNA by eosinophils contributes to antibacterial defense. Nature Med. 14, 949–953 (2008).
von Köckritz-Blickwede, M. & Nizet, V. Innate immunity turned inside-out: antimicrobial defense by phagocyte extracellular traps. J. Mol. Med. 87, 775–783 (2009).
Linch, S. N. et al. Mouse eosinophils possess potent antibacterial properties in vivo. Infect. Immun. 77, 4976–4982 (2009).
Linch, S. N. et al. IL-5 is protective during sepsis in an eosinophil-independent manner. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 186, 246–254 (2012).
Huang, J. et al. The effects of probiotics supplementation timing on an ovalbumin-sensitized rat model. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 60, 132–141 (2010).
Yu, J. et al. The effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on the prevention of asthma in a murine model. Allergy Asthma Immunol. Res. 2, 199–205 (2010).
Rose, M. A., Schubert, R., Schulze, J. & Zielen, S. Follow-up of probiotic Lactobacillus GG effects on allergic sensitization and asthma in infants at risk. Clin. Exp. Allergy 41, 1819–1821 (2011).
Herbst, T. et al. Dysregulation of allergic airway inflammation in the absence of microbial colonization. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 184, 198–205 (2011).
Bisgaard, H. et al. Reduced diversity of the intestinal microbiota during infancy is associated with increased risk of allergic disease at school age. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 128, 646–652 (2011).
Domachowske, J. B., Dyer, K. D., Bonville, C. A. & Rosenberg, H. F. Recombinant human eosinophil-derived neurotoxin/RNase 2 functions as an effective antiviral agent against respiratory syncytial virus. J. Infect. Dis. 177, 1458–1464 (1998). This is the first paper to propose a role for eosinophils in antiviral host defence.
Adamko, D. J., Yost, B. L., Gleich, G. J., Fryer, A. D. & Jacoby, D. B. Ovalbumin sensitization changes the inflammatory response to subsequent parainfluenza infection. Eosinophils mediate airway hyperresponsiveness, M2 muscarinic receptor dysfunction, and antiviral effects. J. Exp. Med. 190, 1465–1478 (1999).
Phipps, S. et al. Eosinophils contribute to innate antiviral immunity and promote clearance of respiratory syncytial virus. Blood 110, 1578–1586 (2007).
Davoine, F. et al. Virus-induced eosinophil mediator release requires antigen-presenting and CD4+ T cells. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 122, 69–77 (2008).
Dyer, K. D., Percopo, C. M., Fischer, E. R., Gabryszewski, S. J. & Rosenberg, H. F. Pneumoviruses infect eosinophils and elicit MyD88-dependent release of chemoattractant cytokines and interleukin-6. Blood 114, 2649–2656 (2009).
Skiest, D. J. & Keiser, P. Clinical significance of eosinophilia in HIV-infected individuals. Am. J. Med. 102, 449–453 (1997).
Manetti, R. et al. CD30 expression by CD8+ T cells producting type 2 helper cytokines. Evidence for large numbers of CD8+CD30+ T cell clones in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J. Exp. Med. 180, 2407–2411 (1994).
Empson, M., Bishop, G. A., Nightingale, B. & Garsia, R. Atopy, anergic status, and cytokine expression in HIV-infected subjects. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 103, 833–842 (1999).
Rugeles, M. T. et al. Ribonuclease is partly responsible for the HIV-1 inhibitory effect activated by HLA alloantigen recognition. AIDS 17, 481–486 (2003).
Bochner, B. S. et al. Workshop report from the National Institutes of Health Taskforce on the Research Needs of Eosinophil-Associated Diseases (TREAD). J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 130, 587–596 (2012).
Bochner, B. S. & Gleich, G. J. What targeting eosinophils has taught us about their role in diseases. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 126, 16–25 (2010).
Foster, P. S., Rosenberg, H. F., Asquith, K. L. & Kumar, R. K. Targeting eosinophils in asthma. Curr. Mol. Med. 8, 585–590 (2008).
Flood-Page, P. et al. Anti-IL-5 treatment reduces deposition of ECM proteins in the bronchial subepithelial basement membrane of mild atopic asthmatics. J. Clin. Invest. 112, 1029–1036 (2003).
Menzies-Gow, A. et al. Anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab) therapy induces bone marrow eosinophil maturational arrest and decreases eosinophil progenitors in the bronchial mucosa of atopic asthmatics. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 111, 714–719 (2003).
Leckie, M. J. et al. Effects of an interleukin-5 blocking monoclonal antibody on eosinophils, airway hyper-responsiveness, and the late asthmatic response. Lancet 356, 2144–2148 (2000).
Flood-Page, P. et al. A study to evaluate safety and efficacy of mepolizumab in patients with moderate persistent asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 176, 1062–1071 (2007).
Gibson, P. G. Inflammatory phenotypes in adult asthma: clinical applications. Clin. Respir. J. 3, 198–206 (2009).
Anderson, G. P. Endotyping asthma: new insights into key pathogenic mechanisms in a complex, heterogeneous disease. Lancet 372, 1107–1109 (2008).
Nair, P. et al. Mepolizumab for prednisone-dependent asthma with sputum eosinophilia. N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 985–993 (2009).
Haldar, P. et al. Mepolizumab and exacerbations of refractory eosinophilic asthma. N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 973–984 (2009). References 92 and 93 were the first two manuscripts to document a significant role for eosinophils in the pathogenesis of a specific asthma phenotype; patients were stratified for disease activity.
Castro, M. et al. Reslizumab for poorly controlled, eosinophilic asthma: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 184, 1125–1132 (2011).
Pavord, I. D. et al. Mepoliuzmab for severe eosinophilic asthma (DREAM): a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 380, 651–659 (2012).
Molfino, N. A., Gossage, D., Kolbeck, R., Parker, J. M. & Geba, G. P. Molecular and clinical rationale for therapeutic targeting of interleukin-5 and its receptor. Clin. Exp. Allergy 42, 712–737 (2012).
Corren, J. et al. Lebrikizumab treatment in adults with asthma. N. Engl. J. Med. 365, 1088–1098 (2011).
Furuta, G. T. Eosinophilic esophagitis: update on clinicopathological manifestations and pathophysiology. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 27, 383–388 (2011).
Mueller, S., Aigner, T., Neureiter, D. & Stolte, M. Eosinophil infiltration and degranulation in oesophageal mucosa from adult patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis: a retrospective and comparative study on pathological biopsy. J. Clin. Pathol. 59, 1175–1180 (2006).
Blanchard, C. et al. Eotaxin-3 and a uniquely conserved gene-expression profile in eosinophilic esophagitis. J. Clin. Invest. 116, 536–547 (2006). In this study, the authors found that CCL26 was the most highly induced gene in an extensive study of oesophageal tissue from patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis.
Sherrill, J. D. et al. Variants of thymic stromal lymphopoietin and its receptor associate with eosinophilic esophagitis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 126, 160–165 (2010).
Mishra, A., Schlotman, J., Wang, M. & Rothenberg, M. E. Critical role for adaptive T cell immunity in experimental eosinophilic esophagitis in mice. J. Leukoc. Biol. 81, 916–924 (2007).
Rayapudi, M. et al. Indoor insect allergens are potent inducers of experimental eosinophilic esophagitis in mice. J. Leukoc. Biol. 88, 337–346 (2010).
Rubinstein, E. et al. Siglec-F inhibition reduces esophageal eosinophilia and angiogenesis in a mouse model of eosinophilic esophagitis. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 53, 409–416 (2011).
Zuo, L. et al. IL-13 induces esophageal remodeling and gene expression by an eosinophil-independent, IL-13Rα2-inhibited pathway. J. Immunol. 185, 660–669 (2010).
Lucendo, A. J., De Rezende, L., Comas, C., Caballero, T. & Bellón, T. Treatment with topical steroids downregulates IL-5, eotaxin-1/CCL11, and eotaxin-3/CCL26 gene expression in eosinophilic esophagitis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 103, 2184–2193 (2008).
Straumann, A. et al. Anti-interleukin-5 antibody treatment (mepolizumab) in active eosinophilic oesophagitis: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Gut 59, 21–30 (2010).
Assa'ad, A. H. et al. An antibody against IL-5 reduces numbers of esophageal intraepithelial eosinophils in children with eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology 141, 1593–1604 (2011).
Conus, S., Straumann, A., Bettler, E. & Simon, H. U. Mepolizumab does not alter levels of eosinophils, T cells, and mast cells in the duodenal mucosa in eosinophilic esophagitis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 126, 175–177 (2010).
Varga, J. & Kahari, V. M. Eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome, eosinophilic fasciitis, and related fibrosing disorders. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 9, 562–570 (1997).
Krahn, M. et al. CAPN3 mutations in patients with idiopathic eosinophilic myositis. Ann. Neurol. 59, 905–911 (2006).
Kramerova, I., Kudryashova, E., Tidball, J. G. & Spencer, M. J. Null mutation of calpain 3 (p94) in mice causes abnormal sarcomere formation in vivo and in vitro. Hum. Mol. Genet. 13, 1373–1388 (2004).
Cools, J. et al. A tyrosine kinase created by fusion of the PDGFRA and FIP1L1 genes as a therapeutic target of imatinib in idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 348, 1201–1214 (2003). This manuscript provided the first evidence for the use of a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib, as a disease-directed therapy for a specific variant of hypereosinophilic syndrome.
Valent, P. et al. Pathogenesis and classification of eosinophil disorders: a review of recent developments in the field. Expert Rev. Hematol. 5, 157–176 (2012).
Cools, J. et al. The EOL-1 cell line as an in vitro model for the study of FIP1L1-PDGFRA-positive chronic eosinophilic leukemia. Blood 103, 2802–2805 (2004).
Stover, E. H. et al. Activation of FIP1L1–PDGFRα requires disruption of the juxtamembrane domain of PDGFRα and is FIP1L1-independent. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 8078–8083 (2006).
Roufosse, F. et al. Mepolizumab as a corticosteroid-sparing agent in lymphocytic variant hypereosinophilic syndrome. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 126, 828–835 (2010).
Ogbogu, P. U. et al. Hypereosinophilic syndrome: a multicenter, retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics and response to therapy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 124, 1319–1325 (2009).
Valent, P. et al. Contemporary consensus proposal on criteria and classification of eosinophilic disorders and related syndromes. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 130, 607–612 (2012).
Cools, J. et al. PKC412 overcomes resistance to imatinib in a murine model of FIP1L1–PDGFRα-induced myeloproliferative disease. Cancer Cell 3, 459–469 (2003).
Yamada, Y., Cancelas, J. A. & Rothenberg, M. E. Murine model of hypereosinophilic syndromes/chronic eosinophilic leukemia. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 149 (Suppl. 1), 102–107 (2009).
Häcker, H., Chi, L., Rehg, J. E. & Redecke, V. NIK prevents the development of hypereosinophilic syndrome-like disease in mice independent of IKKα activation. J. Immunol. 188, 4602–4610 (2012).
Takatsu, K., Kouro, T. & Nagai, Y. Interleukin-5 in the link between innate and acquired immune response. Adv. Immunol. 101, 191–236 (2009).
Wechsler, M. E. et al. Novel targeted therapies for eosinophilic disorders. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 130, 563–571 (2012).
Lloyd, C. M. & Rankin, S. M. Chemokines in allergic airway disease. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 3, 443–448 (2003).
Bochner, B. S. Siglec-8 on human eosinophils and mast cells, and Siglec-F on murine eosinophils, are functionally related inhibitory receptors. Clin. Exp. Allergy 39, 317–324 (2009).
Kiwamoto, T., Kawasaki, N., Paulson, J. C. & Bochner, B. S. Siglec-8 as a drugable target to treat eosinophil and mast cell-associated conditions. Pharmacol. Ther. 135, 327–336 (2012).
Hudson, S. A., Bovin, N. V., Schnaar, R. L., Crocker, P. R. & Bochner, B. S. Eosinophil-selective binding and proapoptotic effect in vitro of a synthetic Siglec-8 ligand, polymeric 6′- sulfated sialyl Lewis X. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 330, 608–612 (2009).
Kvarnhammar, A. M. & Cardell, L. O. Pattern recognition receptors in human eosinophils. Immunology 136, 11–20 (2012).
Månsson, A. & Cardell, L. O. Role of atopic status in Toll-like receptor (TLR)7- and TLR9-mediated activation of human eosinophils. J. Leukoc. Biol. 85, 719–727 (2009).
Ackerman, S. J. & Bochner, B. S. Mechanisms of eosinophilia in the pathogenesis of hypereosinophilic disorders. Immunol. Allergy Clin. North Am. 27, 357–375 (2007).
Bedi, R., Du, J., Sharma, A. K., Gomes, I. & Ackerman, S. J. Human C/EBP-ε activator and repressor isoforms differentially reprogram myeloid lineage commitment and differentiation. Blood 113, 317–327 (2009).
Mori, Y. et al. Identification of the human eosinophil lineage-committed progenitor: revision of phenotypic definition of the human common myeloid progenitor. J. Exp. Med. 206, 183–193 (2009). In this study, the authors define the cell-surface antigen profile of a fully committed eosinophil progenitor in human bone marrow.
Iwasaki, H. et al. Identification of eosinophil lineage-committed progenitors in the murine bone marrow. J. Exp. Med. 201, 1891–1897 (2005).
Southam, D. S. et al. Increased eosinophil-lineage committed progenitors in the lung of allergen-challenged mice. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 115, 95–102 (2005).
Busse, W. W., Ring, J., Huss-Marp, J. & Kahn, J. E. A review of treatment with mepolizumab, an anti-IL-5 mAb, in hypereosinophilic syndromes and asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 125, 803–813 (2010).
Foster, P., Hogan, S., Ramsay, A., Matthaei, K. & Young, I. Interleukin-5 deficiency abolishes eosinophilia, airways hyperreactivity, and lung damage in a mouse asthma model. J. Exp. Med. 183, 195–201 (1996).
Humbles, A. A. et al. A critical role for eosinophils in allergic airways remodeling. Science 305, 1776–1779 (2004).
Walsh, E. R. et al. Strain-specific requirement for eosinophils in the recruitment of T cells to the lung during the development of allergic asthma. J. Exp. Med. 205, 1285–1292 (2008).
Hertzman, P. A. et al. Association of the eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome with the ingestion of tryptophan. N. Engl. J. Med. 322, 869–873 (1990).
Mayeno, A. N. et al. Characterization of “peak E”, a novel amino acid associated with eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome. Science 250, 1707–1708 (1990).
Smith, M. J. & Garrett, R. H. A heretofore undisclosed crux of eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome: compromised histamine degradation. Inflamm. Res. 54, 435–450 (2005).
Okada, S. et al. Immunogenetic risk and protective factors for development of L-tryptophan-associated eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome and associated symptoms. Arthritis Rheum. 61, 1305–1311 (2009).
Allen, J. A. Post-epidemic eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome associated with L-tryptophan. Arthritis Rheum. 63, 3633–3639 (2011).
Haskell, M. D., Moy, J. N., Gleich, G. J. & Thomas, L. L. Analysis of signaling events associated with activation of neutrophil superoxide anion production by eosinophil granule major basic protein. Blood 86, 4627–4637 (1995).
Munitz, A. & Levi-Schaffer, F. Eosinophils: 'new' roles for 'old' cells. Allergy 59, 268–275 (2004).
Dyer, K. D., Garcia-Crespo, K. E., Killoran, K. E. & Rosenberg, H. F. Antigen profiles for the quantitative assessment of eosinophils in mouse tissues by flow cytometry. J. Immunol. Methods 369, 91–97 (2011).
Meyerholz, D. K., Griffin, M. A., Castilow, E. M. & Varga, S. M. Comparison of histochemical methods for murine eosinophil detection in an RSV vaccine-enhanced inflammation model. Toxicol. Pathol. 37, 249–255 (2009).
Yamaguchi, Y. et al. Models of lineage switching in hematopoietic development: a new myeloid-committed eosinophil cell line (YJ) demonstrates trilineage potential. Leukemia 12, 1430–1439 (1998).
Histoshi, Y. et al. Distribution of IL-5 receptor-positive B cells. Expression of IL-5 receptor on Ly-1(CD5)+ B cells. J. Immunol. 144, 4218–4225 (1990).
Wise, E. L., Bonner, K. T., William, T. J. & Pease, J. E. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the CCR3 gene ablates receptor export to the plasma membrane. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 126, 150–157 (2010).
Willetts, L. et al. Immunodetection of occult eosinophils in lung tissue biopsies may help predict survival in acute lung injury. Respir. Res. 12, 116 (2011).
Macias, M. P. et al. Identification of a new murine eosinophil major basic protein (mMBP) gene: cloning and characterization of mMBP-2. J. Leukoc. Biol. 67, 567–576 (2000).
Ito, W. et al. Hepatocyte growth factor suppresses production of reactive oxygen species and release of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin from human eosinophils. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 147, 331–337 (2008).
Ochkur, S. I. et al. The development of a sensitive and specific ELISA for mouse eosinophil peroxidase: assessment of eosinophil degranulation ex vivo and in models of human disease. J. Immunol. Methods 375, 138–147 (2012).
Blyth, D. I., Wharton, T. F., Pedrick, M. S., Savage, T. J. & Sanjar, S. Airway subepithelial fibrosis in a murine model of atopic asthma: suppression by dexamethasone or anti-interleukin-5 antibody. Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 23, 241–246 (2000).
Grimaldi, J. C. et al. Depletion of eosinophils in mice through the use of antibodies specific for C-C chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3). J. Leukoc. Biol. 65, 846–853 (1999).
Song, D. J. et al. Anti-Siglec-F antibody reduces allergen-induced eosinophilic inflammation and airway remodeling. J. Immunol. 183, 5333–5341 (2009).
Dyer, K. D. et al. Functionally competent eosinophils differentiated ex vivo in high purity from normal mouse bone marrow. J. Immunol. 181, 4004–4009 (2008).
Kopf, M. et al. IL-5-deficient mice have a developmental defect in CD5+ B-1 cells and lack eosinophilia but have normal antibody and cytotoxic T cell responses. Immunity 4, 15–24 (1996). This is the first description of a mouse model devoid of the eosinophilopoietic cytokine IL-5.
Yoshida, T. et al. Defective B-1 cell development and impaired immunity against Angiostrongylus cantonensis in IL-5Rα-deficient mice. Immunity 4, 483–494 (1996).
Dent, L. A., Strath, M., Mellor, A. L. & Sanderson, C. J. Eosinophilia in transgenic mice expressing interleukin 5. J. Exp. Med. 172, 1425–1431 (1990).
Lee, N. A. et al. Expression of IL-5 in thymocytes/ T cells leads to the development of a massive eosinophilia, extramedullary eosinophilopoiesis, and unique histopathologies. J. Immunol. 158, 1332–1344 (1997).
Rothenberg, M. E., MacLean, J. A., Pearlman, E., Luster, A. D. & Leder, P. Targeted disruption of the chemokine eotaxin partially reduces antigen-induced tissue eosinophilia. J. Exp. Med. 185, 785–790 (1995).
Pope, S. M. et al. Identification of a cooperative mechanism involving interleukin-13 and eotaxin-2 in experimental allergic lung inflammation. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 13952–13961 (2005).
Pope, S. M., Zimmermann, N., Stringer, K. F., Karow, M. L. & Rothenberg, M. E. The eotaxin chemokines and CCR3 are fundamental regulators of allergen-induced pulmonary eosinophilia. J. Immunol. 175, 5341–5350 (2005).
Ochkur, S. I. et al. Coexpression of IL-5 and eotaxin-2 in mice creates an eosinophil-dependent model of respiratory inflammation with characteristics of severe asthma. J. Immunol. 178, 7879–7889 (2007).
Humbles, A. A. et al. The murine CCR3 receptor regulates both the role of eosinophils and mast cells in allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 1479–1484 (2002).
Zhang, M. et al. Defining the in vivo function of Siglec-F, a CD33-related Siglec expressed on mouse eoisnophils. Blood 109, 4280–4287 (2007).