Environmental filtering and spatial processes in urban riparian forests

Journal of Vegetation Science - Tập 27 Số 5 - Trang 1023-1035 - 2016
Marie‐Hélène Brice1,2, Stéphanie Pellerin1,2, Monique Poulin3,2
1Institut de recherche en biologie végétale Université de Montréal and Jardin botanique de Montréal 4101 Sherbrooke Est Montréal QC Canada H1X 2B2
2Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science McGill University 1205 Docteur‐Penfield Montréal QC Canada H3A 1B1
3Department of Phytology Université Laval 2425 de l'Agriculture Québec QC Canada G1V 0A6

Tóm tắt

AbstractQuestionsWhat are the spatial processes structuring plant trait composition in urban riparian forest communities at different spatial scales? What are the relative roles of local conditions (including historical aspects), landscape context and spatial processes in the community assembly of these forests?LocationMontréal, Québec, Canada.MethodsSpecies plant composition was inventoried in 57 riparian forests located along a gradient of urbanization. To analyse plant communities in terms of their trait composition, community‐weighted means were calculated using eight functional traits. Forests were characterized by local (physical features, hydrological regime and historical disturbances) and landscape (surrounding land use) variables. Spatial processes structuring communities were assessed using Moran's eigenvector maps and asymmetric eigenvector maps. The relative importance of these three subsets (local, landscape and spatial variables) on tree, shrub and herb functional composition was quantified by variation partitioning using redundancy analyses.ResultsFunctional patterns in riparian forests resulted primarily from environmental filtering (local and landscape variables). Local conditions, especially flood intensity, exerted an overriding selection pressure on functional composition of riparian plant communities. Urbanization seemed to act indirectly on trait patterns through the alteration of hydrological disturbances caused by on‐going and historical land transformation. Nevertheless, dispersal along rivers was also a significant structuring force, while overland dispersal was negligible.ConclusionsOur study highlights that under severe natural disturbance regimes, the effect of natural filters outweighed the negative effects of urban filters. However, the alteration of natural flooding processes by human activities is also a major mechanism influencing plant trait composition in urban riparian communities as forests subjected to reduced flooding intensity experienced a greater effect of urbanization. The effects of urbanization and of past land uses on plant communities were greater for trees than for shrubs and herbs due to the high turnover rate of the latter. Finally, our results showed the importance of dispersal along rivers for biodiversity even in fragmented urban landscapes.

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Journal of Vegetation Science

Tập 27 Số 5

1023-1035

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