Environmental analysis of paleoceanographic systems based on molybdenum–uranium covariation

Algeo, 2008, The Late Pennsylvanian Midcontinent Sea of North America: a review, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 268, 205, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.049

Algeo, 2006, Mo-total organic carbon covariation in modern anoxic marine environments: implication for analysis of paleoredox and -hydrographic conditions, Paleoceanography, 21, PA1016, 10.1029/2004PA001112

Algeo, 2004, Trace-element behavior and redox facies in core shales of Upper Pennsylvanian Kansas-type cyclothems, Chem. Geol., 206, 289, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.12.009

Algeo, 2008, Trace metal covariation as a guide to water-mass conditions in ancient anoxic marine environments, Geosphere, 4, 872, 10.1130/GES00174.1

Algeo, 2004, High-resolution geochemistry and sequence stratigraphy of the Hushpuckney Shale (Swope Formation, eastern Kansas): implications for climato-environmental dynamics of the Late Pennsylvanian Midcontinent Seaway, Chem. Geol., 206, 259, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.12.028

Algeo, 2007, Hydrographic conditions of the Devono-Carboniferous North American Seaway inferred from sedimentary Mo–TOC relationships, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 256, 204, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.02.035

Algeo, 2008, Modern and ancient epicratonic seas and the superestuarine circulation model of marine anoxia, vol. 48, 7

Anderson, 1987, Redox behavior of uranium in an anoxic marine basin, Uranium, 3, 145

Anderson, 1991, Uranium precipitation in Black Sea sediments, 443

Anderson, 1989, Concentration, oxydation state and particle flux of Uranium in the Black Sea, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53, 2215, 10.1016/0016-7037(89)90345-1

Anderson, 1994, Sedimentary record of a shoaling of the oxic/anoxic interface in the Black Sea, Mar. Geol., 116, 373, 10.1016/0025-3227(94)90052-3

Arbenz, 1989, The Ouachita System, vol. A, 371

Armstrong, D.K., 1986. Trace element geochemistry and petrology of the Kettle Point Formation (Upper Devonian), a black shale unit of southwestern Ontario. M.S. thesis, Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 234 pp.

Arthur, 1994, Varve-calibrated records of carbonate and organic carbon accumulation over the last 2000years in the Black Sea, Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 8, 195, 10.1029/94GB00297

Astor, 2003, Seasonal and interannual variation in the hydrography of the Cariaco Basin: implications for basin ventilation, Cont. Shelf Res., 23, 125, 10.1016/S0278-4343(02)00130-9

Barnes, 1990, Uranium removal in oceanic sediments and the oceanic U balance, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 97, 94, 10.1016/0012-821X(90)90101-3

Barnes, 1991, Geochemistry of uranium in Black Sea sediments, Deep-Sea Res. I, 38, S1237, 10.1016/S0198-0149(10)80032-9

Berelson, 1991, The flushing of two deep-sea basins, southern California borderland, Limnol. Oceanogr., 36, 1150, 10.4319/lo.1991.36.6.1150

Berelson, 1987, Benthic fluxes and cycling of biogenic silica and carbon in two southern California borderland basins, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 51, 1345, 10.1016/0016-7037(87)90320-6

Berelson, 1996, Biogenic matter diagenesis on the sea floor: a comparison between two continental margin transects, J. Mar. Res., 54, 731, 10.1357/0022240963213673

Berelson, 2005, Anaerobic diagenesis of silica and carbon in continental margin sediments: discrete zones of TCO2 production, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 69, 4611, 10.1016/j.gca.2005.05.011

Berrang, 1974, The effect of manganese oxide scavenging on molybdenum in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, Mar. Chem., 2, 125, 10.1016/0304-4203(74)90033-4

Bond, 1991, Disentangling middle Paleozoic sea level and tectonic events in cratonic margins and cratonic basins of North America, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 6619, 10.1029/90JB01432

Böning, 2004, Geochemistry of Peruvian near-surface sediments, Geochim. Cosmoch. Acta, 68, 4429, 10.1016/j.gca.2004.04.027

Bruland, 1983, Trace elements in sea-water, vol. 8, 157

Brumsack, 1980, Geochemistry of Cretaceous black shales from the Atlantic Ocean (DSDP Legs 11, 14, 36 and 41), Chem. Geol., 31, 1, 10.1016/0009-2541(80)90064-9

Calvert, 1993, Geochemistry of Recent oxic and anoxic marine sediments: Implications for the geological record, Mar. Geol., 113, 67, 10.1016/0025-3227(93)90150-T

Calvert, 1991, Low organic carbon accumulation rates in Black Sea sediments, Nature, 350, 692, 10.1038/350692a0

Chaillou, 2002, The distribution of Mo, U, and Cd in relation to major redox species in muddy sediments of the Bay of Biscay, Mar. Chem., 80, 41, 10.1016/S0304-4203(02)00097-X

Chaillou, 2008, Mobility of Mo, U, As, and Sb within modern turbidites, Mar. Geol., 254, 171, 10.1016/j.margeo.2008.06.002

Chan, 2008, Emergence of anoxia in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem, Science, 319, 920, 10.1126/science.1149016

Chen, 1986, 238U, 234U and 232Th in seawater, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 80, 241, 10.1016/0012-821X(86)90108-1

Colley, 1985, Recurrent uranium relocations in distal turbidites emplaced in pelagic conditions, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49, 2339, 10.1016/0016-7037(85)90234-0

Crowley, 1989, Seasonal cycle variations on the supercontinent of Pangaea, Geology, 17, 457, 10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0457:SCVOTS>2.3.CO;2

Crusius, 1996, Rhenium and molybdenium enrichments in sediments as indicators of oxic, suboxic, and sulfidic conditions of deposition, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 145, 65, 10.1016/S0012-821X(96)00204-X

de Baar, 1988, Rare earth element distributions in anoxic waters of the Cariaco Trench, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 52, 1203, 10.1016/0016-7037(88)90275-X

Dean, 1997, Inorganic geochemical indicators of glacial–interglacial changes in productivity and anoxia on the California continental margin, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 61, 4507, 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00237-8

Dean, 1999, Molybdenum accumulation in Cariaco Basin sediment over the last 24ky: a record of water-column anoxia and climate, Geology, 27, 507, 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0507:MAICBS>2.3.CO;2

Dean, 2006, Sediment Cd and Mo accumulation in the oxygen-minimum zone off western Baja California linked to global climate over the past 52kyr, Paleoceanography, 21, PA4209, 10.1029/2005PA001239

1974, vol. 20

Emerson, 1991, Ocean anoxia and the concentration of molybdenum and vanadium in seawater, Mar. Chem., 34, 177, 10.1016/0304-4203(91)90002-E

Erickson, 2000, Molybdenum (VI) speciation in sulfidic waters: stability and lability of thiomolybdates, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 64, 1149, 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00423-8

Ettensohn, 1985, Controls on development of Catskill delta complex basin facies, vol. 201, 65

Ettensohn, 1983, A tectonic–climatic approach to the deposition of the Devonian–Mississippian black-shale sequence of North America, 5

François, 1988, A study on the regulation of the concentrations of some trace metals (Rb, Sr, Zn, Pb, Cu, V, Cr, Ni, Mn and Mo) in Saanich Inlet sediments, British Columbia, Canada, Mar. Geol., 83, 285, 10.1016/0025-3227(88)90063-1

Frost, J.K., Zierath, D.L., Shimp, N.F., 1985. Chemical Composition and Geochemistry of the New Albany Shale Group (Devonian–Mississippian) in Illinois. Illinois State Geol. Surv. Contract Report 1985–4 (U.S. Dept of Energy contract DE-AC21-76ET12142), 134 pp.

Gardner, 1986, Evidence for a stronger oxygen-minimum zone off central California during late Pleistocene to early Holocene, Geology, 14, 691, 10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<691:EFASOZ>2.0.CO;2

Haq, 2008, A chronology of Paleozoic sea-level changes, Science, 322, 64, 10.1126/science.1161648

Hartwell, W.J., 1998. Geochemical and petrographic analysis of the Upper Devonian–Lower Mississippian Bakken black shales from the Williston Basin, North Dakota. M.S. Thesis, Univ. of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 256 pp.

Haug, 1998, Glacial/interglacial variations in production and nitrogen fixation in the Cariaco Basin during the last 580kyr, Paleoceanography, 13, 427, 10.1029/98PA01976

Heckel, 1977, Origin of phosphatic black shale facies in Pennsylvanian cyclothems of mid-continent North America, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 61, 1045

Helz, 1996, Mechanisms of molybdenum removal from the sea and its concentration in black shales: EXAFS evidences, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 60, 3631, 10.1016/0016-7037(96)00195-0

Ho, 2004, Vertical and temporal variability of redox zonation in the water column of the Cariaco Basin: implications for organic carbon oxidation pathways, Mar. Chem., 86, 89, 10.1016/j.marchem.2003.11.002

Hoffman, 1998, Regional and stratigraphic variation in bottom-water anoxia in offshore core shales of Upper Pennsylvanian cyclothems from the Eastern Mid-continent Shelf (Kansas), USA, vol. 1, 243

Holmden, 1998, Isotopic evidence for geochemical decoupling between ancient epeiric seas and bordering oceans: implications for secular curves, Geology, 26, 567, 10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0567:IEFGDB>2.3.CO;2

Howell, 1990, Early history of the Michigan Basin : subsidence and Appalachian tectonics, Geology, 18, 1195, 10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<1195:EHOTMB>2.3.CO;2

Howell, 1999, Structural sequences and styles of subsidence in the Michigan Basin, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 111, 974, 10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0974:SSASOS>2.3.CO;2

Hurtgen, 1999, Anomalous enrichments of iron monosulfide in euxinic marine sediments and the role of H2S in iron sulfide transformations: examples from Effingham Inlet, Orca Basin, and the Black Sea, Am. J. Sci., 299, 556, 10.2475/ajs.299.7-9.556

Immenhauser, 2008, Interpreting the carbon-isotope record of ancient shallow epeiric seas: lessons from the Recent, vol. 48, 137

Irino, 2000, Geochemical character of glacial to interglacial sediments at Site 1017, Southern California margin; minor and trace elements, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program, Sci. Rep., 167, 263

Jacobs, L.A., 1984. Metal geochemistry in anoxic marine basins. Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 217 pp.

Jacobs, 1985, Partitioning and transport of metals across the O2/H2S interface in a permanently anoxic basin: Framvaren Fjord, Norway, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49, 1433, 10.1016/0016-7037(85)90293-5

Jacobs, 1987, Trace metal geochemistry in the Cariaco Trench, Deep-Sea Res. I, 34, 965, 10.1016/0198-0149(87)90048-3

Jaminski, J., 1997. Geochemical and petrographic patterns of cyclicity in the Devonian–Mississippian black shales of the Central Appalachian Basin. Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 333 pp.

Jaminski, 1998, Climatic origin of dm-scale compositional cyclicity in the Cleveland Member of the Ohio Shale (Upper Devonian), Central Appalachian Basin, USA, vol. 1, 217

Johnson, 1985, Devonian eustatic fluctuations in Euramerica, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 96, 567, 10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<567:DEFIE>2.0.CO;2

Karl, 1991, Microbial production and particle flux in the upper 350m of the Black Sea, Deep-Sea Res. I, 38, S921, 10.1016/S0198-0149(10)80017-2

Karma, R., 1991. Geology and geochemistry of the Bakken Formation (Devonian–Mississippian) in Saskatchewan. M.S. thesis, Univ. of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, 308 pp.

Kennett, 1995, A 20, 000year record of ocean circulation and climate change from the Santa Barbara basin, Nature, 377, 510, 10.1038/377510a0

Kennett, 2000, Latest Quaternary paleoclimatic and radiocarbon chronology, ODP Hole 1017E, southern California margin, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program, Sci. Rep., 167, 249

Klinkhammer, 1991, Uranium in the oceans: where it goes and why, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 55, 1799, 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90024-Y

Langmuir, 1978, Uranium solution-mineral equilibria at low temperatures with applications to sedimentary ore deposits, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 42, 547, 10.1016/0016-7037(78)90001-7

Leventhal, 1982, Chemical and mineralogical analysis of Devonian black-shale samples from Martin County, Kentucky; Carroll and Washington counties, Ohio, Wise County, Virginia; and Overton County, Tennessee, U.S.A, Chem. Geol., 37, 239, 10.1016/0009-2541(82)90081-X

Levitus, S., Boyer, T., 1994. World Ocean Atlas 1994, vol. 2: Oxygen. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 2, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Washington, D.C. (iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/sources/.levitus94/.annual/.O2/).

Lyons, T.W., 1992. Comparative study of Holocene Black Sea sediments from oxic and anoxic sites of deposition: geochemical and sedimentological criteria, Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 377 pp.

Lyons, 1993, Evidence for large pre-industrial perturbations of the Black Sea chemocline, Nature, 365, 538, 10.1038/365538a0

Lyons, 2003, Contrasting sulfur geochemistry and Fe/Al and Mo/Al ratios across the last oxic-to-anoxic transition in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, Chem. Geol., 195, 131, 10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00392-3

Magyar, 1993, Vertical distribution and transport of molybdenum in a lake with a seasonally anoxic hypolimnion, Limnol. Oceanogr., 38, 521, 10.4319/lo.1993.38.3.0521

McManus, 2005, Authigenic uranium: relationship to oxygen penetration depth and organic carbon rain, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 69, 95, 10.1016/j.gca.2004.06.023

McManus, 2006, Molybdenum and uranium geochemistry in continental margin sediments: paleoproxy potential, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 70, 4643, 10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1564

Meyers, 2005, Organic carbon burial rate and the molybdenum proxy: theoretical framework and application to Cenomanian–Turonian oceanic event 2, 20, PA2002

Millero, 1996

Montañez, 2007, CO2-forced climate and vegetation instability during Late Paleozoic deglaciation, Science, 315, 87, 10.1126/science.1134207

Morford, 1999, The geochemistry of redox sensitive trace metals in sediments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 63, 1735, 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00126-X

Morford, 2005, Diagenesis of oxyanions (V, U, Re, and Mo) in pore waters and sediments from a continental margin, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 69, 5021, 10.1016/j.gca.2005.05.015

Morford, 2009, Uranium diagenesis in sediments underlying bottom waters with high oxygen content, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 73, 2920, 10.1016/j.gca.2009.02.014

Morford, 2009, A model for uranium, rhenium, and molybdenum diagenesis in marine sediments based on results from coastal locations, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 73, 2938, 10.1016/j.gca.2009.02.029

Morris, 1975, Dissolved molybdenum and vanadium in the northeast Atlantic Ocean, Deep-Sea Res., 22, 49

Müller-Karger, 2001, The annual cycle of primary production in the Cariaco Basin: response to upwelling and implications for vertical export, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 4527, 10.1029/1999JC000291

Murray, 1975, The interaction of metal ions at the manganese dioxide-solution interface, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 42, 1011, 10.1016/0016-7037(78)90290-9

Murray, 1989, Unexpected changes in the oxic/anoxic interface in the Black Sea, Nature, 338, 411, 10.1038/338411a0

Murray, 1991, Hydrographic properties and ventilation of the Black Sea, Deep-Sea Res. I, 38, S663, 10.1016/S0198-0149(10)80003-2

Nameroff, 2002, Suboxic trace metal geochemistry in the eastern tropical North Pacific, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 66, 1139, 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00843-2

Panchuk, 2005, Sensitivity of the epeiric sea carbon isotope record to local-scale carbon cycle processes: tales from the Mohawkian Sea, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 228, 320, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.06.019

Parrish, 1993, Climate of the supercontinent Pangea, J. Geol., 101, 215, 10.1086/648217

Perkins, 2008, Trace-element budgets in the Ohio/Sunbury shales of Kentucky: constraints on ocean circulation and primary productivity in the Devonian–Mississippian Appalachian Basin, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 265, 14, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.04.012

Peterson, 1991, A high-resolution Late Quaternary upwelling record from the anoxic Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, Paleoceanography, 6, 99, 10.1029/90PA02497

Potter, 1982, Appalachian gasbearing Devonian shales: statements and discussion, Oil Gas J., 80, 290

Poulsen, 2007, Late Paleozoic tropical climate response to Gondwanan deglaciation, Geology, 35, 771, 10.1130/G23841A.1

Poulson, 2006, Authigenic molybdenum isotope signatures in marine sediments, Geology, 34, 617, 10.1130/G22485.1

Presley, 1986, Interstitial water chemistry, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 961, vol. 96, 697

Reimers, 1983, Spatial and temporal patterns of organic matter accumulation on the Peru continental margin, 311

Rheams, 1988, Characterization and geochemistry of Devonian oil shale, North Alabama, Northwest Georgia, and South-Central Tennessee (a resource evaluation), vol. 128

Rimmer, 2004, Geochemical paleoredox indicators in Devonian–Mississippian black shales, Central Appalachian Basin (USA), Chem. Geol., 206, 373, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.12.029

Sageman, 2003, A tale of shales: the relative roles of production, decomposition, and dilution in the accumulation of organic-rich strata, Middle–Upper Devonian, Appalachian basin, Chem. Geol., 195, 229, 10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00397-2

Savrda, 1991, Oxygen-related biofacies in marine strata: an overview and update, vol. 58, 201

Schieber, 1994, Evidence for high-energy events and shallow-water deposition in the Chattanooga Shale, Devonian, central Tennessee, USA, Sediment. Geol., 93, 193, 10.1016/0037-0738(94)90005-1

Schieber, 1994, Reflection of deep vs. shallow water deposition by small-scale sedimentary features and microfabrics of the Chattanooga Shale in Tennessee, vol. 17, 773

Schieber, 1994, Paleoflow patterns and macroscopic sedimentary features in the Late Devonian Chattanooga Shale of Tennessee; differences between the western and eastern Appalachian Basin, vol. 17, 763

Schieber, 1998, Sedimentary features indicating erosion, condensation, and hiatuses in the Chattanooga Shale of central Tennessee: relevance for sedimentary and stratigraphic evolution, vol. 1, 187

Schieber, 1998, Developing a sequence stratigraphic framework for the Late Devonian Chattanooga Shale of the Southeastern U.S.A.: relevance for the Bakken Shale, 58

Schieber, 2004, Pyrite ooids in Devonian black shales record intermittent sea-level drop and shallow-water conditions, Geology, 32, 305, 10.1130/G20202.1

Scranton, 1987, Temporal changes in the hydrography and chemistry of the Cariaco Trench, Deep-Sea Res. I, 34, 945, 10.1016/0198-0149(87)90047-1

Scranton, 2001, Controls on temporal variability of the geochemistry of the deep Cariaco Basin, Deep-Sea Res. I, 48, 1605, 10.1016/S0967-0637(00)00087-X

Shaw, 1990, Early diagenesis in differing depositional environments: the response of transition metals in pore water, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54, 1233, 10.1016/0016-7037(90)90149-F

Sheu, 1990, The anoxic Orca Basin (Gulf of Mexico): geochemistry of brines and sediments, Rev. Aquat. Sci., 2, 491

Sheu, 1987, Sulfur and oxygen isotopic compositions of dissolved sulfate in the Orca Basin: implications for origin of the high-salinity brine and oxidation of sulfides at the brine–seawater interface, Mar. Geol., 78, 303, 10.1016/0025-3227(88)90115-6

Shokes, 1977, Anoxic, hypersaline basin in the northern Gulf of Mexico, Science, 196, 1443, 10.1126/science.196.4297.1443

Skei, 1996, Trace metals in suspended particulate matter and in sediment trap material from a permanently anoxic fjord—Framvaren, south Norway, Aquat. Geochem., 2, 131, 10.1007/BF00121628

Suits, 2000, Bacterial production of anomalously high dissolved sulfate concentrations in Peru slope sediments: steady-state sulfur oxidation, or transient response to end of El Niño?, Deep-Sea Res. I, 47, 1829, 10.1016/S0967-0637(99)00120-X

Tada, 2000, Millennial-scale compositional variations in late Quaternary sediments at Site 1017, Southern California, vol. 167, 277

Taylor, 1985

Taylor, 2001, Chemoautotrophy in the redox transition zone of the Cariaco Basin: a significant source of midwater organic carbon production, Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 148, 10.4319/lo.2001.46.1.0148

Thomson, 1995, Redistribution and geochemical behavior of redox-sensitive elements around S1, the most recent eastern Mediterranean sapropel, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59, 3487, 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00232-O

Thomson, 1998, Oxidation fronts in Madeira Abyssal Plain turbidites: persistence of early diagenetic trace-element enrichments during burial, Site 950, vol. 157, 559

Thunell, 1995, Sediment fluxes and varve formation in Santa Barbara Basin, Geology, 23, 1083, 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<1083:SFAVFI>2.3.CO;2

Thunell, 2000, Organic carbon fluxes, degradation, and accumulation in an anoxic basin: sediment trap results from the Cariaco Basin, Limnol. Oceanogr., 45, 300, 10.4319/lo.2000.45.2.0300

Trefry, 1984, Distribution and chemistry of manganese, iron, and suspended particulates in Orca Basin, Geo-Mar. Lett., 4, 125, 10.1007/BF02277083

Tribovillard, 2004, Enhanced trapping of molybdenum by sulfurized organic matter of marine origin as recorded by various Mesozoic formations, Chem. Geol., 213, 385, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.08.011

Tribovillard, 2006, Trace metals as paleoredox and paleoproductivity proxies: an update, Chem. Geol., 232, 12, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.02.012

Tribovillard, 2008, Paleodepositional conditions in the Orca Basin as inferred from organic matter and trace metal contents, Mar. Geol., 254, 62, 10.1016/j.margeo.2008.04.016

Tugrul, 1992, Changes in the hydrochemistry of the Black Sea inferred from water density profiles, Nature, 359, 137, 10.1038/359137a0

Van Cappellen, 1998, Biogeochemical cycles of manganese and iron at the oxic–anoxic transition of a stratified marine basin (Orca Basin, Gulf of Mexico), Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 2931, 10.1021/es980307m

Van der Weijden, 2002, Pitfalls of normalization of marine geochemical data using a common divisor, Mar. Geol., 184, 167, 10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00297-3

Van Geen, 2003, On the preservation of laminated sediments along the western margin of North America, Paleoceanography, 18, 10.1029/2003PA000911

Vorlicek, 2002, Catalysis by mineral surfaces: implications for Mo geochemistry in anoxic environments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 66, 3679, 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00837-7

Werne, 2000, Climate-induced variations in productivity and planktonic ecosystem structure from the Younger Dryas to Holocene in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, Paleoceanography, 15, 19, 10.1029/1998PA000354

Werne, 2002, An integrated assessment of a “type euxinic” deposit; evidence for multiple controls on black shale deposition in the Middle Devonian Oatka Creek Formation, Am. J. Sci., 302, 110, 10.2475/ajs.302.2.110

Wignall, 1994

Wignall, 1988, Interpreting benthic oxygen levels in mudrocks: a new approach, Geology, 16, 452, 10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0452:IBOLIM>2.3.CO;2

Wilkin, 2001, Variations in pyrite texture, sulfur isotope composition, and iron systematics in the Black Sea; evidence for late Pleistocene to Holocene excursions of the O2–H2S redox transition, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 65, 1399, 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00552-X

Woodrow, 1985, Paleogeography, paleoclimate, and sedimentary processes of the Late Devonian Catskill Delta, vol. 201, 51

Wyrtki, 1967, Circulation and water masses in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, Int. J. Oceanogr. Limnol., 1, 117

Zhang, 1993, The chemistry of anoxic waters in the Cariaco Trench, Deep-Sea Res. I, 40, 1023, 10.1016/0967-0637(93)90088-K

Zheng, 2000, Authigenic molybdenium formation in marine sediments: a link to pore water sulfide in the Santa Barbara Basin, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 64, 4165, 10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00495-6

Zheng, 2002, Preservation of non-lithogenic particulate uranium in marine sediments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 66, 3085, 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00632-9

Zheng, 2002, Remobilization of authigenic uranium in marine sediments by bioturbation, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 66, 1759, 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00886-9

Zoback, 1991, Tectonic stress field of North America and relative plate motions, vol. Suppl. 1, 339

Zuta, 1970, Oceanografia de las aguas costeras del Peru, Inst. Mar. Peru Boll., 2, 161

Zuta, 1978, Hydrologic aspects of the main upwelling areas off Peru, 235