Environmental Burden of Traditional Bioenergy Use

Annual Review of Environment and Resources - Tập 40 Số 1 - Trang 121-150 - 2015
Omar Masera1, Rob Bailis2, Rudi Drigo3, Adrián Ghilardi4, Ilse Ruiz-Mercado1
1National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) - Institute for Ecosystems Research and Sustainability
2Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511;
3Independent Consultant
4Center for Environmental Geography Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Campus Morelia, Morelia 58190, Michoacán, Mexico;, ,

Tóm tắt

Approximately 40% of the global population relies on traditional bioenergy, accounting for 9% of global energy use and 55% of global wood harvest. However, knowledge about the environmental impacts of traditional bioenergy is fragmented. This review addresses several persistent questions and summarizes recent research on land cover change (LCC) and pollution emissions resulting from traditional bioenergy use. We also review recent studies analyzing transitions from traditional bioenergy to cleaner stoves and fuels.Between 27 and 34% of the wood fuel harvest in 2009 was unsustainable, with large geographical variations. Almost 300 million rural people live in wood fuel “hotspots,” concentrated in South Asia and East Africa, creating risks of wood-fuel-driven degradation. Different fuels and stoves show variation in climate-forcing emissions. Many, but not all, nontraditional stoves result in lower emissions than traditional models. Traditional bioenergy makes substantial contributions to anthropogenic black carbon (BC) emissions (18–30%) and small contributions to total anthropogenic climate impacts (2–8%). Transitions from traditional fuels and devices have proven difficult. Stacking, i.e., the use of multiple devices and fuels to satisfy household energy needs, is common, showing the need to shift stove interventions from the common approach that promotes one fuel and one device to integrated approaches that incorporate deep understanding of local needs and practices, and multiple fuels and devices, while monitoring residual use of traditional technologies.

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Annual Review of Environment and Resources

Tập 40 Số 1

121-150

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