Environment, energy and the need for new technology

Shelley, 1971, Ozymandias Cook, 1971, Scientific American, 224, 135 1971 Hubbert, 1969 Benedict, 1971, Technology Review, 74 Weaver, 1971, Oil Shale, Hearings before the Subcommittee on Minerals, Materials, and Fuels, 19 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1971, 71 Westinghouse Elec. Corp., 1971, 243 Axtman, 1972, Letters in Science, 175, 1194 Shapley, 1971, Science, 172, 143, 10.1126/science.172.3979.143 Gates, 1971, Scientific American, 224, 89 Bohn, 1971, Environment, 13, 10.1080/00139157.1971.9933435 Meinel, 1972, Physics Today, 25, 44, 10.1063/1.3070725 Winscher, 1971, Hydrogen—A clean fuel for urban areas, 23 Friedlander, 1972, IEEE Spectrum, 9, 44, 10.1109/MSPEC.1972.5218804 Rink, 1971, Large Terrestrial Solar Arrays, 15 Glaser, 1971, A new view of solar energy, 1 State-of the -art figure for the best Si Trapatt avalanche diodes. Brown, 1971, Transportation of energy by microwave beam, 5 Calculated from the fuel bill for a typical winter in Princeton, N.J. for a 150 m2 (floor-area) house. Doctor, 1972 Hattel, 1972, Tech. Rev., 74, 38 Grimmer, 1972, Environment, 14, 10.1080/00139157.1972.9933008 Salihi, 1972, IEEE Spectrum, 9, 44, 10.1109/MSPEC.1972.5218921 Kordesch, 1971, City Car with H2-Air Fuel-Cell/Lead Battery, 103 We have assumed methanolH2-air fuel cell system. See Ref. 15. General Electric, 1972, Wall Street J., 27 Cairns, 1969, Science, 164, 1347, 10.1126/science.164.3886.1347 Smith, 1971, Electricity Light and Power, 26 1970, 30 The cost for fission light-water reactors is based on the estimated cost of a 2200 MW plant at Newbold Island, N.J. Scheduled to operate in 1978. Culler, 1972, Physics Today, 25, 28, 10.1063/1.3070852 The fuel costs for fossil-fueled plants are taken from the Federal Power Commission document, Steam-Electric plant construction costs and annual production expenses—1969, and updated for inflation and the probable gas price in the future. The costs include a correction for strip-mining. See Ref. 44 below. Includes escalation for gas price. Gast, 1972, Physics Today, 25, 15, 10.1063/1.3070845 Cost for residential customer in Princeton, N.J. Forney, 1970, 32, 428 P. 51, Ref. 6 above. 13 c/gallon. See Business Week, p. 134–144. May 13, 1972. 35·9 c/gallon. See ref. 39. Cost in Princeton, N.J. 18–20 c/gallon. 44 kWh/gallon heat value. Tariff charged by Public Service Electric and Gas in Princeton, N.J. to heavy use residential customers. Smith, 1970, 32, 544 Nephew, 1972, Environment, 14, 12, 10.1080/00139157.1972.9932989 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1971, 82 1971, 58 White, 1971, Tech. Rev., 74, 18 Dalal, 1971, Report submitted to U.S.A.E.C. hearing on Newbold Island Generation Station 1972, Environment, 15, 26 Richard, 1972, Tech. Rev., 74 Assuming 1·2 passengers/car, the average for San Francisco metropolitan area. Based on a bus 30 ft long carrying 30 passengers, a car 15 ft long carrying 1·2 passengers. Meadows, 1972